Difference between revisions of "Alexander Rodchenko"

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|birth_place = Leningrad, Russia
 
|birth_place = Leningrad, Russia
 
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1956|12|3|1891|12|5|mf=y}}
 
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1956|12|3|1891|12|5|mf=y}}
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|death_place = [[Moscow]], Soviet Union
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|death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union
 
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[[Image:Kaufman_Mikhail_1922_Rodchenko_standing_in_front_of_dismantled_hanging_spatial_construction.jpg|thumb|258px|Rodchenko standing in front of dismantled hanging spatial construction, 1922. Photo by [[Mikhail Kaufman]].]]
 
[[Image:Kaufman_Mikhail_1922_Rodchenko_standing_in_front_of_dismantled_hanging_spatial_construction.jpg|thumb|258px|Rodchenko standing in front of dismantled hanging spatial construction, 1922. Photo by [[Mikhail Kaufman]].]]
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Born 1891 in St Petersburg to a working class family. 1909 after the death of his father his family moves to Kazan. Studies at the Kazan School of Art under Nikolai Feshin and Georgii Medvedev, and at the Stroganov Institute in Moscow. In Kazan school meets [[Varvara Stepanova|Stepanova]] whom he subsequently marries. 1915 first abstract drawings, influenced by [[Kazimir Malevich|Malevich]]'s Suprematism. 1916 participates in 'The Store' exhibition organized by [[Vladimir Tatlin|Tatlin]], who was another formative influence in his development as an artist. 1917-18 designs the wall lamps for the Café Pittoresque. Late 1910s, produced "lineist" nonobjective canvases and linocuts, rejecting Kandinsky's thesis from his "On Line" essay (1919), in which he saw the line as "a highly revelatory material for primitive graphic expression." 1919-20 active member of [[Zhivskulptarkh]] experimental group. 1920 appointed Director of the Museum Bureau and Purchasing Fund (of the Museum of Painterly Culture, MZhK) by the Bolshevik Government, responsible for the reorganization of art schools and museums and acquisition of artworks on behalf of the Russian republic (between the summer 1918 and December 1920 the Bureau bought almost 2000 works of 400+ contemporary artists for 26 million rubels[http://books.google.com/books?id=KCJHxeNQuGMC&pg=PA66]). 1920 to 1930 teaches at [[VkHUTEMAS]]. 1921 joins Productivist group, which advocates the incorporation of art into everyday life. Gives up painting in order to concentrate on graphic design for posters, books, and films. Deeply influenced by [[Dziga Vertov|Vertov]], works with him intensively in 1922. Impressed by the photomontage of the German Dadaists, he begins his own experiments in the medium, first employing found images in 1923, and from 1924 on shooting his own photographs as well. 1923 his first published photomontage illustrated Mayakovsky's poem, ''About This''. 1923 to 1928 collaborates closely with [[Vladimir Mayakovsky|Mayakovsky]] (of whom he takes several striking portraits) on the design and layout of [[LEF]] and [[Novy LEF]] journals; using many of his photographs as covers. His images eliminated unnecessary detail, emphasized dynamic diagonal composition, and were concerned with the placement and movement of objects in space. Throughout the 1920s Rodchenko's work was very abstract. 1930s, with the changing Party guidelines governing artistic practice, he concentrates on sports photography and images of parades and other choreographed movements. 1928 joins the [[October]] circle of artists but is expelled in 1931 being charged with "formalism". Late 1930s returns to painting, 1942 stops photographing. 1940s produces abstract expressionist works. 1940s continues to organize photography exhibitions for the government. Died 1956 in Moscow.
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'''Aleksander Mikhailovich Rodchenko''' (Александр Михайлович Родченко; 1891–1956) was a Russian artist, sculptor, photographer and graphic designer. He was one of the founders of [[constructivism]] and Russian design. He was married to the artist [[Varvara Stepanova]].
  
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==Works==
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==Biography==
 +
Born 1891 in St Petersburg to a working class family. 1909, after the death of his father his family moves to Kazan. Studies at the Kazan School of Art under Nikolai Feshin and Georgii Medvedev, and at the Stroganov Institute in Moscow. In Kazan school meets [[Varvara Stepanova|Stepanova]] whom he subsequently marries. 1915 first abstract drawings, influenced by [[Kazimir Malevich|Malevich]]'s Suprematism. 1916 participates in ''The Store'' exhibition organized by [[Vladimir Tatlin|Tatlin]], who was another formative influence in his development as an artist. 1917-18 designs the wall lamps for the Café Pittoresque. Late 1910s, produced "lineist" nonobjective canvases and linocuts, rejecting Kandinsky's thesis from his "On Line" essay (1919), in which he saw the line as "a highly revelatory material for primitive graphic expression." 1919-20 active member of [[Zhivskulptarkh]] experimental group. 1920 appointed Director of the Museum Bureau and Purchasing Fund (of the Museum of Painterly Culture, MZhK) by the Bolshevik Government, responsible for the reorganization of art schools and museums and acquisition of artworks on behalf of the Russian republic (between the summer 1918 and December 1920 the Bureau bought almost 2000 works of 400+ contemporary artists for 26 million rubels[http://books.google.com/books?id=KCJHxeNQuGMC&pg=PA66]). 1920 to 1930 teaches at [[VkHUTEMAS]]. 1921 joins Productivist group, which advocates the incorporation of art into everyday life. Gives up painting in order to concentrate on graphic design for posters, books, and films. Deeply influenced by [[Dziga Vertov|Vertov]], works with him intensively in 1922. Impressed by the photomontage of the German Dadaists, he begins his own experiments in the medium, first employing found images in 1923, and from 1924 on shooting his own photographs as well. 1923 his first published photomontage illustrates Mayakovsky's poem, ''Pro eto'' [About This]. 1923-28 collaborates closely with [[Vladimir Mayakovsky|Mayakovsky]] (of whom he takes several striking portraits) on the design and layout of ''[[LEF]]'' and ''[[Novy LEF]]'' journals; using many of his photographs as covers. Throughout the 1920s Rodchenko's work is very abstract. His images eliminate unnecessary detail, emphasize dynamic diagonal composition, and are concerned with the placement and movement of objects in space. 1930s, with the changing Party guidelines governing artistic practice, he concentrates on sports photography and images of parades and other choreographed movements. 1928 joins the [[October]] circle of artists but is expelled in 1931 being charged with "formalism". Late 1930s returns to painting, 1942 stops photographing. 1940s produces abstract expressionist works. 1940s continues to organize photography exhibitions for the government. Dies 1956 in Moscow.
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==Selected works==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
File:Rodchenko_Alexander_1917-1918_Non-Objective_Composition.jpg|''Non-Objective Composition'', 1917-18.
 
File:Rodchenko_Alexander_1917-1918_Non-Objective_Composition.jpg|''Non-Objective Composition'', 1917-18.
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File:Rodchenko_Alexander_1925_Maquette_for_a_handbill_announcing_the_film_Potemkin.jpg|''Maquette for a handbill announcing the film Potemkin'', 1925, gelatin silver print and ink on paper.
 
File:Rodchenko_Alexander_1925_Maquette_for_a_handbill_announcing_the_film_Potemkin.jpg|''Maquette for a handbill announcing the film Potemkin'', 1925, gelatin silver print and ink on paper.
 
File:Rodchenko_Alexander_1925_Soviet_Workers_Club.jpg|''Soviet Workers Club'', 1925.
 
File:Rodchenko_Alexander_1925_Soviet_Workers_Club.jpg|''Soviet Workers Club'', 1925.
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File:Rodchenko_Alexander_undated_Portrait_of_Lyubov_Popova.jpg|''Portrait of Lyubov Popova'', undated.
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File:Rodchenko_Alexander_undated_Portrait_of_Lyubov_Popova.jpg|''Lyubov Popova'', n.d.
 
File:Aleksander_Rodchenko_Assembling_for_a_Demonstration_1928-30.jpg|''Assembling for a Demonstration'', 1928-30.
 
File:Aleksander_Rodchenko_Assembling_for_a_Demonstration_1928-30.jpg|''Assembling for a Demonstration'', 1928-30.
 
File:Alexander_Rodchenko_c_1934_Girl_with_a_Leica.jpg|''Girl with a Leica'', c. 1934.
 
File:Alexander_Rodchenko_c_1934_Girl_with_a_Leica.jpg|''Girl with a Leica'', c. 1934.
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File:Mayakovsky-by-Rodchenko.jpg| Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky
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File:Mayakovsky-by-Rodchenko.jpg|''Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky''
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
 
==Literature==
 
==Literature==
−
* Camilla Gray, [http://monoskop.multiplace.org/log/?p=1604 ''The Russian Experiment in Art, 1863-1922''], 1962.
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* Hubertus Gaßner, ''Alexander Rodschenko. Konstruktion 1920 oder die Kunst, das Leben zu organisieren'', Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1984. {{de}}
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* Stephen Bann (ed.), [http://monoskop.multiplace.org/log/?p=3970 ''The Tradition of Constructivism''], Viking Press, 1974.
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* Selim O. Khan-Magomedov, ''Rodchenko: The Complete Work'', ed. Vieri Quilici, MIT Press, 1986, 303 pp. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/307072 Review]. {{en}}
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* John E. Bowlt (ed.), [http://monoskop.multiplace.org/log/?p=2325 ''Russian Art of the Avant-Garde: Theory and Criticism, 1902-1934''], Viking Press, 1976.
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* Brandon Taylor, [http://www.tate.org.uk/research/publications/tate-papers/aleksandr-rodchenkos-lines-force "Aleksandr Rodchenko’s Lines of Force"], ''Tate Papers'', 2009. {{en}}
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* Margit Rowell, Angelica Zander Rudenstine, [http://monoskop.multiplace.org/log/?p=3386 ''Art of the Avant-Garde in Russia: Selections from the George Costakis Collection''], The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1981.
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* [http://media.wix.com/ugd//23892f_d0e3678f112f589c3cd50fa1473ef753.pdf Catalogue]. {{ru}}
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* Hubertus Gaßner, ''Alexander Rodschenko. Konstruktion 1920 oder die Kunst, das Leben zu organisieren'', Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1984. (in German)
 
−
* Selim O. Khan-Magomedov, ''Rodchenko: The Complete Work'', ed. Vieri Quilici, MIT Press, 1986, 303 pp. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/307072 Review]
 
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* Brandon Taylor, [http://www.tate.org.uk/research/publications/tate-papers/aleksandr-rodchenkos-lines-force "Aleksandr Rodchenko’s Lines of Force"], ''Tate Papers'', 2009.
 
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* [http://media.wix.com/ugd//23892f_d0e3678f112f589c3cd50fa1473ef753.pdf Catalogue]. (in Russian)
 
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 
* [[Varvara Stepanova]]
 
* [[Varvara Stepanova]]
 
* [[Russia#Avant-garde]]
 
* [[Russia#Avant-garde]]
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* [[Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe#Constructivists.2C_Futurists|Media art in Central and Eastern Europe#Constructivists, Futurists]]
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* [[Central_and_Eastern_Europe#Constructivists.2C_Futurists|Central and Eastern Europe#Constructivists, Futurists]]
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* [[Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe#Photography|Media art in Central and Eastern Europe#Photography]]
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* [[Central_and_Eastern_Europe#Photography|Central and Eastern Europe#Photography]]
  
 
==Links==
 
==Links==
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Rodchenko Rodchenko on Wikipedia]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Rodchenko Rodchenko on Wikipedia]
  
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rodchenko, Alexander}}
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[[Category:Constructivism]] [[Category:Productivism]] [[Category:Graphic design]]
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[[Category:Constructivism]]
 
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[[Category:Productivism]]
 
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Revision as of 23:56, 31 July 2015


With Varvara Stepanova, 1920s.
Born December 5, 1891(1891-12-05)
Leningrad, Russia
Died December 3, 1956(1956-12-03) (aged 64)
Moscow, Soviet Union
Rodchenko standing in front of dismantled hanging spatial construction, 1922. Photo by Mikhail Kaufman.

Aleksander Mikhailovich Rodchenko (Александр Михайлович Родченко; 1891–1956) was a Russian artist, sculptor, photographer and graphic designer. He was one of the founders of constructivism and Russian design. He was married to the artist Varvara Stepanova.

Biography

Born 1891 in St Petersburg to a working class family. 1909, after the death of his father his family moves to Kazan. Studies at the Kazan School of Art under Nikolai Feshin and Georgii Medvedev, and at the Stroganov Institute in Moscow. In Kazan school meets Stepanova whom he subsequently marries. 1915 first abstract drawings, influenced by Malevich's Suprematism. 1916 participates in The Store exhibition organized by Tatlin, who was another formative influence in his development as an artist. 1917-18 designs the wall lamps for the Café Pittoresque. Late 1910s, produced "lineist" nonobjective canvases and linocuts, rejecting Kandinsky's thesis from his "On Line" essay (1919), in which he saw the line as "a highly revelatory material for primitive graphic expression." 1919-20 active member of Zhivskulptarkh experimental group. 1920 appointed Director of the Museum Bureau and Purchasing Fund (of the Museum of Painterly Culture, MZhK) by the Bolshevik Government, responsible for the reorganization of art schools and museums and acquisition of artworks on behalf of the Russian republic (between the summer 1918 and December 1920 the Bureau bought almost 2000 works of 400+ contemporary artists for 26 million rubels[1]). 1920 to 1930 teaches at VkHUTEMAS. 1921 joins Productivist group, which advocates the incorporation of art into everyday life. Gives up painting in order to concentrate on graphic design for posters, books, and films. Deeply influenced by Vertov, works with him intensively in 1922. Impressed by the photomontage of the German Dadaists, he begins his own experiments in the medium, first employing found images in 1923, and from 1924 on shooting his own photographs as well. 1923 his first published photomontage illustrates Mayakovsky's poem, Pro eto [About This]. 1923-28 collaborates closely with Mayakovsky (of whom he takes several striking portraits) on the design and layout of LEF and Novy LEF journals; using many of his photographs as covers. Throughout the 1920s Rodchenko's work is very abstract. His images eliminate unnecessary detail, emphasize dynamic diagonal composition, and are concerned with the placement and movement of objects in space. 1930s, with the changing Party guidelines governing artistic practice, he concentrates on sports photography and images of parades and other choreographed movements. 1928 joins the October circle of artists but is expelled in 1931 being charged with "formalism". Late 1930s returns to painting, 1942 stops photographing. 1940s produces abstract expressionist works. 1940s continues to organize photography exhibitions for the government. Dies 1956 in Moscow.

Selected works

  • Non-Objective Composition, 1917-18.

  • Line no. 92 on Green, 1919.

  • Two Circles, 1920.

  • Rodchenko Alexander 1920 Construction.jpg

    Construction, 1920.

  • Linear Construction, 1920, pen and ink.

  • Construction No 108, 1920.

  • Nineteenth State Exhibition, Bolshaia Dmitrovka, Moscow, 1920.

  • Popova's Studio, 1924, photograph.

  • Popova's Studio, 1924, photograph.

  • Maquette for a handbill announcing the film Potemkin, 1925, gelatin silver print and ink on paper.

  • Soviet Workers Club, 1925.

  • Lyubov Popova, n.d.

  • Assembling for a Demonstration, 1928-30.

  • Girl with a Leica, c. 1934.

  • Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

Literature

  • Hubertus Gaßner, Alexander Rodschenko. Konstruktion 1920 oder die Kunst, das Leben zu organisieren, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1984. (German)
  • Selim O. Khan-Magomedov, Rodchenko: The Complete Work, ed. Vieri Quilici, MIT Press, 1986, 303 pp. Review. (English)
  • Brandon Taylor, "Aleksandr Rodchenko’s Lines of Force", Tate Papers, 2009. (English)
  • Catalogue. (Russian)

See also

Links

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