Difference between revisions of "Central and Eastern Europe"

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==Light-music synthesis==
 
==Light-music synthesis==
===People===
+
===Composers, artists===
* 1900s-20s: [[Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis]] (Warsaw/Vilnius), [[A.N.Scriabin]], [[Vladimir Baranoff-Rossiné]], [[Mikhail Matyushin]] (St. Petersburg), [[Alexander László]], [[Arnošt Hošek]], [[Zdeněk Pešánek]] (Prague), [[Erwin Schulhoff]], [[Miroslav Ponc]] (Prague)
+
1900s-20s: [[Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis]] (Warsaw/Vilnius), [[A.N.Scriabin]], [[Vladimir Baranoff-Rossiné]], [[Mikhail Matyushin]] (St. Petersburg), [[Alexander László]], [[Arnošt Hošek]], [[Zdeněk Pešánek]] (Prague), [[Miroslav Ponc]] (Prague)
  
 
===Networks===
 
===Networks===
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===Literature===
 
===Literature===
{{:Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=lightmusic-cee}}
+
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=lightmusic-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
Further [[Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Light-music_synthesis|bibliography]].
+
Further [[Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Light-music_synthesis|bibliography]].
  
 
==Constructivists, Futurists==
 
==Constructivists, Futurists==
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formism (1910s, Chwistek, Czyżewski), Pure Form (1920s, Witkiewicz), strefism (1920s, Chwistek), mechano-faktura (1920s, Berlewi), unism (1920s, Strzemiński), photogenism (1920s, Funke), robot (1920s, Čapek)
 
formism (1910s, Chwistek, Czyżewski), Pure Form (1920s, Witkiewicz), strefism (1920s, Chwistek), mechano-faktura (1920s, Berlewi), unism (1920s, Strzemiński), photogenism (1920s, Funke), robot (1920s, Čapek)
  
===People===
+
===Artists===
* 1910s-20s: [[Wassily Kandinsky]] (Moscow/Weimar), [[Kazimir Malevich]] (Moscow/St. Petersburg), [[Naum Gabo]] (Moscow/Berlin), [[Vladimir Tatlin]] (Moscow), [[El Lissitzky]] (Moscow/St. Petersburg/Vitebsk), [[Alexander Rodchenko]] (Moscow), [[Lajos Kassák]] (Budapest), [[László Moholy-Nagy]] (Berlin/London), [[Leon Chwistek]] (Krakow/Lwow), [[Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz]] (Warsaw), [[Anatol Stern]] (Warsaw), [[Karel Teige]] (Prague), [[Josef Vydra]] (Bratislava), [[Jaromír Funke]] (Prague/Bratislava), [[Henryk Berlewi]] (Warsaw/Berlin/Paris), [[Ljubomir Micić]] (Zagreb/Belgrade), [[Josip Seissel]] (Jo Klek; Zagreb), [[Ion Vinea]] (Bucharest), [[Marcel Janco]] (Bucharest), [[Victor Brauner]] (Bucharest/Paris), [[Władysław Strzemiński]] (Warsaw/Lodz), [[Katarzyna Kobro]] (Warsaw/Lodz), [[Mieczyslaw Szczuka]] (Warsaw), [[Avgust Černigoj]] (Trieste/Ljubljana), [[Ferdo Delak]] (Ljubljana), [[Vytautas Kairiūkštis]] (Vilnius), [[Jaan Vahtra]] (Tartu)
+
1910s-20s: [[Wassily Kandinsky]] (Moscow/Weimar), [[Kazimir Malevich]] (Moscow/St. Petersburg), [[Naum Gabo]] (Moscow/Berlin), [[Vladimir Tatlin]] (Moscow), [[El Lissitzky]] (Moscow/St. Petersburg/Vitebsk), [[Alexander Rodchenko]] (Moscow), [[Varvara Stepanova]] (Moscow), [[Karl Ioganson]] (Moscow), [[Stenberg brothers]] (Moscow), [[Aleksei Gan]] (Moscow), [[Lajos Kassák]] (Budapest), [[László Moholy-Nagy]] (Berlin/London), [[Leon Chwistek]] (Krakow/Lwow), [[Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz]] (Warsaw), [[Anatol Stern]] (Warsaw), [[Karel Teige]] (Prague), [[Josef Vydra]] (Bratislava), [[Jaromír Funke]] (Prague/Bratislava), [[Henryk Berlewi]] (Warsaw/Berlin/Paris), [[Ljubomir Micić]] (Zagreb/Belgrade), [[Josip Seissel]] (Jo Klek; Zagreb), [[Ion Vinea]] (Bucharest), [[Marcel Janco]] (Bucharest), [[Victor Brauner]] (Bucharest/Paris), [[Władysław Strzemiński]] (Warsaw/Łódź), [[Katarzyna Kobro]] (Warsaw/Łódź), [[Mieczyslaw Szczuka]] (Warsaw), [[Avgust Černigoj]] (Trieste/Ljubljana), [[Ferdo Delak]] (Ljubljana), [[Vytautas Kairiūkštis]] (Vilnius), [[Jaan Vahtra]] (Tartu).
  
 
===Networks, Journals===
 
===Networks, Journals===
 
* [[MA]], Budapest/Vienna, mid 1910s-mid 1920s
 
* [[MA]], Budapest/Vienna, mid 1910s-mid 1920s
 
* [[Bauhaus]], Weimar/Dessau/Berlin, 1920s-mid 1930s
 
* [[Bauhaus]], Weimar/Dessau/Berlin, 1920s-mid 1930s
* [[Productivist Group]] and [[VkHUTEMAS]], Moscow, 1920s
+
* [[OBMOKhU]], [[INKhUK]] and [[VkHUTEMAS]], Moscow, 1920s
 
* [[Devětsil]], Prague, 1920s
 
* [[Devětsil]], Prague, 1920s
 
* [[Zwrotnica]], Krakow, 1920s
 
* [[Zwrotnica]], Krakow, 1920s
* [[Blok]], Warsaw, 1920s; [[Praesens]], Warsaw, late 1920s; [[a.r.]], Lodz, 1930s
+
* [[Blok]], Warsaw, 1920s; [[Praesens]], Warsaw, late 1920s; [[a.r.]], Łódź, 1930s
 
* [[Zenit]], Zagreb and Belgrade, 1920s
 
* [[Zenit]], Zagreb and Belgrade, 1920s
 
* [[Travelers]], Zagreb, 1920s
 
* [[Travelers]], Zagreb, 1920s
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===Events===
 
===Events===
* [[Congress of International Progressive Artists]] in [[Düsseldorf]] in May 1922. Formation of The International Faction of Constructivists was organized by [[Theo Van Doesburg]] (representing the journal De Stijl), [[Hans Richter]] (representing 'the Constructivist groups of Romania, Switzerland, Scandinavia and Germany') and [[El Lissitzky]] (representing the editorial board of Veshch'-Gegenstand-Objet). The faction’s declaration was later published in De Stijl (no. 4, 1922).
+
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{transcludesection|cee-constructivism-events}}}|cee-constructivism-events|
* [[Congress of the Constructivists and Dadaists]], Weimar, 25-26 Sep 1922.
+
[[Image:Second_Spring_Exhibition_of_OBMOKhU_Moscow_May-June_1921_b.jpg|thumb|258px|Second Spring Exhibition of [[OBMOKhU]], Moscow, May-Jun 1921.]]
* [[First Russian Art Exhibition]] [Erste russische Kunstausstellung] opened at Galerie van Diemen in [[Berlin]] on 15 October 1922, with 750 works by 157 artists. Organised by [[Naum Gabo]]. Version of the exhibition later traveled to Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, in spring 1923.  
+
[[Image:Congress_of_International_Progressive_Artists_1922.jpg|thumb|258px|Congress of International Progressive Artists, Düsseldorf, May 1922. L-R: unknown boy, [[Werner Graeff]], [[Raoul Hausmann]], [[Theo van Doesburg]], [[Cornelis van Eesteren]], [[Hans Richter]], [[Nelly van Doesburg]], unknown (De Pistoris?), [[El Lissitzky]], [[Ruggero Vasari]], Otto Freundlich (?), [[Hannah Höch]], [[Franz Seiwert]] and [[Stanislav Kubicki]].]]
* [[The New Art Exhibition]], May - June 1923, organised by [[Władysław Strzemiński]] and [[Vytautas Kairiūkštis]] in [[Vilnius]]. Meeting ground for Russian and Western European avant-garde movements.  
+
[[Image:Congress_of_the_Constructivists_and_Dadaists_Weimar_1922.jpg|thumb|258px|Congress of the Constructivists and Dadaists, Weimar, Sep 1922. Top-bottom L-R: 1st row: [[Lucia Moholy]], [[Alfréd Kemény]], [[László Moholy-Nagy]]. 2nd row: [[Lotte Burchartz]], [[El Lissitzky]], [[Cornelis van Eesteren]], [[Bernhard Sturtzkopf]]. 3rd row: [[Max Burchartz]], [[Harry Scheibe]], [[Theo van Doesburg]] (with paper hat), [[Hans Vogel]], [[Peter Röhl]]. 4th row: [[Alexa Röhl]], [[Nelly van Doesburg]], [[Tristan Tzara]], [[Sophie Taeuber]], [[Hans Arp]]. 5th row: [[Werner Graeff]] and [[Hans Richter]]. [https://www.stedelijk.nl/en/collection/83033-el-lissitzky-congres-van-constructivisten-en-dadaisten-weimar Stedelijk].]]
* [[The First Zenit International Exhibition of New Art]] organised by [[Ljubomir Micić]] in April 1924 in [[Belgrade]]. Featured one hundred works advertised as "futurism, cubism, expressionism, ornamental cubism, suprematism, constructivism, neoclassicism and the like".
+
* {{a|Moscow1921}} [[OBMOKhU|Second Spring Exhibition of OBMOKhU]] in Moscow, May-June 1921. Several weeks earlier, in March 1921, five of the exhibiting artists ([[Rodchenko]], [[Ioganson]], [[Stenberg brothers]], [[Medunetsky]]) formed together with [[Stepanova]] and [[Gan]] the First Working Group of Constructivists at the [[INKhUK|Moscow Institute of Artistic Culture (INKhUK)]].
* 'International Art Exhibition', organised by [[Contimporanul]] group in November 1924 in [[Bucharest]] brings together almost the entire Romanian avant-garde along with international artists.
+
* {{a|Moscow1922}} ''Constructivists'' [Конструктивисты] exhibition in Moscow, January 1922. [[Stenberg brothers]] and [[Medunetsky]] show 61 constructivist works and publish a catalogue with manifesto. [http://nga.gov.au/international/catalogue/Detail.cfm?IRN=37535]
* [[A.r.#a.r. International Collection of Modern Art|a.r. International Collection of Modern Art]] donated by [[a.r.]] group to the Municipal Museum of History and Art (now Museum of Art; Museum Sztuki) in [[Lodz]] opened to the public in February 1931. It included 111 works and represented - as no other contemporary European collection had done - the main movements of avant-garde art, from Cubism, Futurism and Constructivism, through Purism and Surrealism, to Neo-Plasticism, Unism and Formism.
+
* {{a|Duesseldorf1922}} The [[Congress of International Progressive Artists]] [Kongress der Union Internationaler Fortschrittlicher Künstler] in Düsseldorf on 29-31 May 1922. Formation of the International Faction of Constructivists was organised by [[van Doesburg]] (representing the journal ''[[De Stijl]]''), [[Richter]] (representing 'the Constructivist groups of Romania, Switzerland, Scandinavia and Germany') and [[Lissitzky]] (representing the editorial board of ''[[Veshch|Veshch'-Gegenstand-Objet]]''). The faction's declaration was later published in ''[[De Stijl]]'' (no. 4, 1922).
* 'Europa, Europa. Das Jahrhundert der Avantgarde in Mittel- und Osteuropa' exhibition, 27 May - 16 October 1994, Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn.
+
* {{a|Weimar1922}} [[Congress of the Constructivists and Dadaists]], Weimar, 25-26 September 1922.
* 'Central European Avant-Gardes' exhibition, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2002, curated by Timothy O. Benson, included ca 300 artworks.
+
* {{a|Berlin1922}} [[The First Russian Art Exhibition]] [Erste russische Kunstausstellung] opened at Galerie van Diemen in [[Berlin]] on 15 October 1922, with over 1,000 objects by c180 artists: 237 paintings, more than 500 graphic works, sculptures, as well as designs for theater, architectural models, and porcelain. The exhibition's official host was the Russian Ministry for Information, and it was put together by the artists [[Gabo]], David Sterenberg, and Nathan Altman. Version of the exhibition later travelled to Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, in April-May 1923.  
 +
* {{a|Vilnius1923}} [[New Art Exhibition]] [Wystawa Nowej Sztuki], organised by [[Strzemiński]] and [[Kairiūkštis]] in Vilnius on May-June 1923. The works included painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, scenography, and print; cubist, constructivist, and suprematist compositions predominated. The 7 exhibiting artists went on to form the [[Blok]] collective.
 +
* {{a|Warsaw1924}} [[Blok|The Block of Cubists, Constructivists and Supermatists]] [Blok Kubistów, Suprematystów i Konstruktywistów], an exhibition of [[Blok]] at the Laurin & Clement car dealer's shop in Warsaw, March 1924. Works by 9 artists.  
 +
* {{a|Belgrade1924}} [[First Zenit International Exhibition of New Art]] [Прва Зенитова међународна изложба нове уметности], organised by [[Micić]] in April 1924 in Belgrade. Featured one hundred works advertised as "futurism, cubism, expressionism, ornamental cubism, suprematism, constructivism, neoclassicism and the like".
 +
* {{a|Bucharest1924}} [[Contimporanul Exhibition|The First Contimporanul International Exhibition]] organised by ''[[Contimporanul]]'' magazine in November 1924 in Bucharest brought together the Romanian avant-garde along with international artists.
 +
* {{a|Łódź1931}} The [[A.r.#a.r. International Collection of Modern Art|a.r. International Collection of Modern Art]], donated by [[a.r.]] group to the Municipal Museum of History and Art (now Museum of Art; Museum Sztuki) in Łódź, opened to the public in February 1931. It included 111 works and represented - as no other contemporary European collection had done - the main movements of avant-garde art, from Cubism, Futurism and Constructivism, through Purism and Surrealism, to Neo-Plasticism, Unism and Formism.
 +
* {{a|Basel1937}} ''The Constructivists'' [Die Konstruktivisten] exhibition at Kunsthalle Basel, Jan-Feb 1937. [http://www.moma.org/collection/works/6746 Poster]. [http://retro.seals.ch/cntmng?pid=wbw-002:1937:24::958 Review].
 +
 
 +
; Retrospective exhibitions
 +
* ''Constructivism in Poland 1923-1936: BLOK, Praesens, a.r.'', Museum Folkwang, Essen, May-Jun 1973. Also shown in Otterlo/NL 1973; Stockholm 1975-76, New York 1976 [http://moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/2475?locale=en], Detroit 1976, Buffalo 1976, Montreal 1977, Rome 1979, Genoa 1979, Venice 1979, Belgrade 1979, Zagreb 1979, Cambridge 1984, London 1984, Oxford 1984, Budapest 1990, Washington 1993. [http://www.artalways.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/archiwum-no21.pdf#page=70]
 +
* ''The Planar Dimension: Europe, 1912-1932'', Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1979. Curated by Margit Rowell. [http://archive.org/details/plana00rowe Catalogue published].
 +
* ''Europa, Europa. Das Jahrhundert der Avantgarde in Mittel- und Osteuropa'', Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, 27 May - 16 October 1994. Large-scale exhibition with constructivist section. 4-volume catalogue published.
 +
* ''Central European Avant-Gardes'', Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2002. Curated by Timothy O. Benson. Large-scale exhibition with constructivist section. Catalogue published: [http://arcade.nyarc.org/record=b221686~S6 TOC].
 +
* ''Von Kandinsky bis Tatlin: Konstruktivismus in Europa/From Kandinsky to Tatlin: Constructivism in Europe'', Staatliches Museum, Schwerin, and Kunstmuseum, Bonn, 2006. Catalogue published.
 +
}}</onlyinclude>
  
 
===Literature===
 
===Literature===
{{:Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=avantgarde-cee}}
+
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=avantgarde-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
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===Terms===
 
===Terms===
 
structuralism (1920s, Prague Linguistic Circle), linguistic functionalism (1920s, Prague Linguistic Circle), proletkult (1920s, international), Poetism (1920s, Teige and Nezval), factography (1920s, LEF), aesthetic object (1930s, Ingarden), phoneme (Jakobson), morphophonology (Trubetzkoy), genetic structuralism (1960s, Goldmann), communicative functions (1960s, Jakobson)
 
structuralism (1920s, Prague Linguistic Circle), linguistic functionalism (1920s, Prague Linguistic Circle), proletkult (1920s, international), Poetism (1920s, Teige and Nezval), factography (1920s, LEF), aesthetic object (1930s, Ingarden), phoneme (Jakobson), morphophonology (Trubetzkoy), genetic structuralism (1960s, Goldmann), communicative functions (1960s, Jakobson)
===People===
+
 
 +
===Poets, writers, theorists===
 
* 1910s-30s: [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] (Moscow), [[Josip Brik]] (St. Petersburg/Moscow), [[Nikolai Trubetzkoy]] (Moscow/Vienna), [[Viktor Shklovsky]] (St. Petersburg/Berlin), [[Petr Bogatyrev]] (Moscow/Prague), [[Roman Jakobson]] (Moscow/Prague), [[Jan Mukařovský]] (Prague), [[Karel Teige]] (Prague), [[Vítězslav Nezval]] (Prague),  [[Jaroslav Seifert]] (Prague), [[Bedřich Václavek]] (Prague), [[Roman Ingarden]] (Lwow), [[György Lukács]] (Berlin/Moscow/Budapest)
 
* 1910s-30s: [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] (Moscow), [[Josip Brik]] (St. Petersburg/Moscow), [[Nikolai Trubetzkoy]] (Moscow/Vienna), [[Viktor Shklovsky]] (St. Petersburg/Berlin), [[Petr Bogatyrev]] (Moscow/Prague), [[Roman Jakobson]] (Moscow/Prague), [[Jan Mukařovský]] (Prague), [[Karel Teige]] (Prague), [[Vítězslav Nezval]] (Prague),  [[Jaroslav Seifert]] (Prague), [[Bedřich Václavek]] (Prague), [[Roman Ingarden]] (Lwow), [[György Lukács]] (Berlin/Moscow/Budapest)
 
* 1960s: [[Lucien Goldmann]] (Bucharest/Paris), [[Felix Vodička]] (Prague)
 
* 1960s: [[Lucien Goldmann]] (Bucharest/Paris), [[Felix Vodička]] (Prague)
 +
 
===Networks===
 
===Networks===
 
* [[Russian Formalists]], Moscow Linguistic Circle and OPOYEZ in St. Petersburg, 1910s-20s
 
* [[Russian Formalists]], Moscow Linguistic Circle and OPOYEZ in St. Petersburg, 1910s-20s
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photogram, photo-eye, photomontage, photogenism (1922, Funke), heliography (1928, Hiller)
 
photogram, photo-eye, photomontage, photogenism (1922, Funke), heliography (1928, Hiller)
  
===People===
+
===Artists===
 
* 1920s: [[László Moholy-Nagy]] (photograms, Berlin/London), [[Alexander Rodchenko]] (Moscow),  [[Gustav Klutsis]] and [[Valentina Kulagina]] (photomontages, Riga/Moscow), [[Franciszka and Stefan Themerson]] (Warsaw), [[Mieczysław Szczuka]] (photomontage, Warsaw), [[Vane Bor]] (surrealist, Belgrade/Paris), [[Jaromír Funke]] (Prague/Bratislava), [[Karel Teige]] (theory, Prague), [[Jindřich Štyrský]] (surrealist, Prague), [[Jaroslav Rössler]] (Prague/Paris), [[Karol Hiller]] (heliography, Łódź)
 
* 1920s: [[László Moholy-Nagy]] (photograms, Berlin/London), [[Alexander Rodchenko]] (Moscow),  [[Gustav Klutsis]] and [[Valentina Kulagina]] (photomontages, Riga/Moscow), [[Franciszka and Stefan Themerson]] (Warsaw), [[Mieczysław Szczuka]] (photomontage, Warsaw), [[Vane Bor]] (surrealist, Belgrade/Paris), [[Jaromír Funke]] (Prague/Bratislava), [[Karel Teige]] (theory, Prague), [[Jindřich Štyrský]] (surrealist, Prague), [[Jaroslav Rössler]] (Prague/Paris), [[Karol Hiller]] (heliography, Łódź)
 
* 1930s: [[Eugen Wiškovský]] (Prague), [[Irena Blühová]] (social photography, Bratislava), [[Lubomír Linhart]] (theory, Prague)
 
* 1930s: [[Eugen Wiškovský]] (Prague), [[Irena Blühová]] (social photography, Bratislava), [[Lubomír Linhart]] (theory, Prague)
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==Light art==
 
==Light art==
===People===
+
===Artists===
 
* 1920s-30s: [[Naum Gabo]] (Moscow/Berlin), [[László Moholy-Nagy]] (Hungary/Berlin/London), [[István Sebök]] (Budapest/Vienna/Dessau), [[El Lissitzky]] (Moscow/St. Petersburg/Vitebsk), [[Nikolas Braun]] (Berlin), [[Zdeněk Pešánek]] (Prague)
 
* 1920s-30s: [[Naum Gabo]] (Moscow/Berlin), [[László Moholy-Nagy]] (Hungary/Berlin/London), [[István Sebök]] (Budapest/Vienna/Dessau), [[El Lissitzky]] (Moscow/St. Petersburg/Vitebsk), [[Nikolas Braun]] (Berlin), [[Zdeněk Pešánek]] (Prague)
 
* 1970s: [[Antoni Mikołajczyk]] (Łódź), [[Stanislav Zippe]] (Prague)
 
* 1970s: [[Antoni Mikołajczyk]] (Łódź), [[Stanislav Zippe]] (Prague)
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montage (1920s, Eisenstein), Kino-Pravda (1922, Vertov), Cine-Eye (1920s, Vertov), cinema club, [[Open Form]] (1950s-60s, Hansen), [[antifilm]] (1962, Pansini)
 
montage (1920s, Eisenstein), Kino-Pravda (1922, Vertov), Cine-Eye (1920s, Vertov), cinema club, [[Open Form]] (1950s-60s, Hansen), [[antifilm]] (1962, Pansini)
  
===People===
+
===Filmmakers===
 
* 1920s-40s: [[Sergei Eisenstein]] (Moscow), [[Dziga Vertov]] (Moscow), [[Alexander Hammid]] (Prague), [[Otakar Vávra]] (Prague), [[Franciszka and Stefan Themerson]] (Warsaw)
 
* 1920s-40s: [[Sergei Eisenstein]] (Moscow), [[Dziga Vertov]] (Moscow), [[Alexander Hammid]] (Prague), [[Otakar Vávra]] (Prague), [[Franciszka and Stefan Themerson]] (Warsaw)
 
* 1960s: [[Radúz Činčera]] (Prague), [[Vladimir Petek]] (Zagreb), [[Mihovil Pansini]] (Zagreb), [[Tomislav Gotovac]] (Zagreb), [[Ivan Martinac]] (Split), [[Živojin Pavlović]] (Belgrade), [[Karpo Godina]] (Ljubljana), [[Ivica Matić]] (Sarajevo)
 
* 1960s: [[Radúz Činčera]] (Prague), [[Vladimir Petek]] (Zagreb), [[Mihovil Pansini]] (Zagreb), [[Tomislav Gotovac]] (Zagreb), [[Ivan Martinac]] (Split), [[Živojin Pavlović]] (Belgrade), [[Karpo Godina]] (Ljubljana), [[Ivica Matić]] (Sarajevo)
* 1970s-80s: [[Gábor Bódy]] (Budapest/Berlin), [[Jozef Robakowski]] (Lodz), [[Zbigniew Rybczynski]] (Lodz), [[Miklós Erdély]] (Budapest), [[Wojciech Bruszewski]] (Lodz), [[Vladimír Havrilla]] (Bratislava), [[Petr Skala]] (Prague)
+
* 1970s-80s: [[Gábor Bódy]] (Budapest/Berlin), [[Józef Robakowski]] (Łódź), [[Zbigniew Rybczynski]] (Łódź), [[Miklós Erdély]] (Budapest), [[Wojciech Bruszewski]] (Łódź), [[Vladimír Havrilla]] (Bratislava), [[Petr Skala]] (Prague)
* 1990s-2000s: [[Lukasz Ronduda]] (theorist, Warsaw)
 
  
 
===Events===
 
===Events===
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* [[Split Cinema Club]], Split, 1950s-60s and 1980s
 
* [[Split Cinema Club]], Split, 1950s-60s and 1980s
 
* [[Balázs Béla Studio]], Budapest, 1960s-1980s
 
* [[Balázs Béla Studio]], Budapest, 1960s-1980s
* [[Open Form]], Lodz and Warsaw, 1960s-70s
+
* [[Open Form]], Łódź and Warsaw, 1960s-70s
 
* [[Sarajevo Cinema Club]], Sarajevo, 1960s
 
* [[Sarajevo Cinema Club]], Sarajevo, 1960s
* [[Workshop of Film Form]], Lodz, 1970s
+
* [[Workshop of Film Form]], Łódź, 1970s
 
* [[Belgrade Cinema Club]] and [[Academic Film Center Belgrade]], Belgrade, 1960s-70s; [[Black Wave]], Belgrade, 1970s
 
* [[Belgrade Cinema Club]] and [[Academic Film Center Belgrade]], Belgrade, 1960s-70s; [[Black Wave]], Belgrade, 1970s
 
* [[Kinema Ikon]], Arad, 1975-1990
 
* [[Kinema Ikon]], Arad, 1975-1990
Line 120: Line 135:
  
 
===Literature===
 
===Literature===
* Lukasz Ronduda (eds.), ''1,2,3 -- avant-gardes : film, art between experiment and archive'', Centre for Contemporary Art, Warsaw ; Berlin ; New York : Sternberg, 2007.
+
* Łukasz Ronduda, Florian Zeyfang (eds.), ''1,2,3 -- avant-gardes : film, art between experiment and archive'', Centre for Contemporary Art, Warsaw ; Berlin ; New York : Sternberg, 2007.
 
* Ana Janevski (ed.): ''As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film. Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s'', Museum of Modern Art, Warsaw, 2010. With essays by [[Ana Janevski]] (on experimental art and film in Yugoslavia), [[Stevan Vuković]] (on political upheaval in 1968 in Belgrade), and [[Łukasz Ronduda]] (on contacts between Yugoslav and Polish artists in the 1970s). [http://artmuseum.pl/wydarzenie.php?id=book_As_Soon_as_I_Open_My_Eyes_I_See_a_Film] [http://rwm.macba.cat/en/sonia/sonia_ana_janevski/capsula Interview with Ana Janevski, June 2011]
 
* Ana Janevski (ed.): ''As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film. Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s'', Museum of Modern Art, Warsaw, 2010. With essays by [[Ana Janevski]] (on experimental art and film in Yugoslavia), [[Stevan Vuković]] (on political upheaval in 1968 in Belgrade), and [[Łukasz Ronduda]] (on contacts between Yugoslav and Polish artists in the 1970s). [http://artmuseum.pl/wydarzenie.php?id=book_As_Soon_as_I_Open_My_Eyes_I_See_a_Film] [http://rwm.macba.cat/en/sonia/sonia_ana_janevski/capsula Interview with Ana Janevski, June 2011]
 
* [[Bojana Piškur]] et al (eds.), ''This Is All Film: Experimental Film in Yugoslavia 1951-1991'' [Vse to je film: Eksperimentalni film v Jugoslaviji 1951-1991], catalogue, Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana, 2010. 154 pages. ISBN: 9789612060909
 
* [[Bojana Piškur]] et al (eds.), ''This Is All Film: Experimental Film in Yugoslavia 1951-1991'' [Vse to je film: Eksperimentalni film v Jugoslaviji 1951-1991], catalogue, Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana, 2010. 154 pages. ISBN: 9789612060909
Line 127: Line 142:
 
Experimental film in [[Hungary#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Hungary]], [[Poland#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Poland]], [[Czech_Republic#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia#Experimental_film|Slovakia]], [[Croatia#Experimental_film|Croatia]], [[Serbia#Experimental_film|Serbia]], [[Slovenia#Experimental_film|Slovenia]], [[Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Experimental_film|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Romania#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Romania]], [[Estonia#Experimental_film|Estonia]], [[Lithuania#Experimental_film|Lithuania]].
 
Experimental film in [[Hungary#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Hungary]], [[Poland#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Poland]], [[Czech_Republic#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia#Experimental_film|Slovakia]], [[Croatia#Experimental_film|Croatia]], [[Serbia#Experimental_film|Serbia]], [[Slovenia#Experimental_film|Slovenia]], [[Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Experimental_film|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Romania#Experimental_film.2C_avant-garde_film|Romania]], [[Estonia#Experimental_film|Estonia]], [[Lithuania#Experimental_film|Lithuania]].
 
Further [[Media art in Central and Eastern Europe Bibliography#Experimental_film|bibliography]].
 
Further [[Media art in Central and Eastern Europe Bibliography#Experimental_film|bibliography]].
 +
 +
==Action art, Happening, Performance, Body art==
 +
===Artists===
 +
Tadeusz Kantor (1915-90 Kraków),
 +
Alina Szapocznikow (1926-73 Poland/Paris),
 +
Geta Brătescu (1926 Bucharest),
 +
Włodzimierz Borowski (1930-2008 Warsaw),
 +
Jerzy Bereś (1930-2012 Kraków),
 +
Ilija Šoškić (1934 Montenegro/Rome),
 +
[[Gotovac|Tomislav Gotovac]] (1937 Zagreb),
 +
Natalia LL (1937 Wrocław),
 +
Zbigniew Warpechowski (1938 Kraków),
 +
[[Knizak|Milan Knížák]] (1940 Prague),
 +
Karel Miler (1940 Prague),
 +
György Galántai (1941 Budapest),
 +
Jana Želibská (1941 Bratislava),
 +
Zorka Ságlová (1942-2003 Prague),
 +
[[Katalin Ladik]] (1942 Novi Sad/Budapest),
 +
Grzegorz Kowalski (1942 Warsaw),
 +
Tamás Szentjóby (1944 Budapest),
 +
Petr Štembera (1945 Prague),
 +
[[Raša Todosijević]] (1945 Belgrade),
 +
[[Grigorescu|Ion Grigorescu]] (1945 Bucharest),
 +
Zofia Kulik (1947 Warsaw) & Przemyslaw Kwiek (1945 Warsaw),
 +
Ewa Partum (1945 Warsaw),
 +
Marina Abramović (1946 Novi Sad/Amsterdam/New York),
 +
Sándor Pinczehelyi (1946 Pécs/Budapest),
 +
Tibor Hajas (1946-80 Budapest),
 +
[[Durcek|Ľubomír Ďurček]] (1948 Bratislava),
 +
[[Ivekovic|Sanja Iveković]] (1949 Zagreb),
 +
[[Budaj|Ján Budaj]] (1952 Bratislava),
 +
Jan Mlčoch (1953 Prague),
 +
Jiří Kovanda (1953 Prague),
 +
Vladimír Havlík (1959 Olomouc),
 +
Łódź Kaliska (1979-, Łódź),
 +
[[Orange Alternative]] (1983-, Wrocław),
 +
Autoperforationsartistik (1980s, Dresden).
 +
 +
===Literature===
 +
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=performance-cee}}
 +
 +
==Conceptual art==
 +
===Artists===
 +
Dalibor Chatrný (1925-2012 Brno),
 +
[[Erdely|Miklós Erdély]] (1928-86 Budapest),
 +
Włodzimierz Borowski (1930-2008 Warsaw),
 +
[[Vladan Radovanović]] (1932 Belgrade),
 +
[[Mlynarcik|Alex Mlynárčik]] (1934 Bratislava/Prague/Paris),
 +
Gábor Attalai (1934 Budapest),
 +
László Lakner (1936 Budapest/Berlin),
 +
[[Marek Konieczny]] (1936 Warsaw),
 +
[[Dóra Maurer]] (1937 Budapest),
 +
Endre Tót (1937 Budapest/Cologne),
 +
[[Filko|Stano Filko]] (1937-2015 Bratislava),
 +
[[Peter Bartoš]] (1938 Bratislava),
 +
[[Július Koller]] (1939 Bratislava),
 +
György Jovánovics (1939 Budapest),
 +
[[Knizak|Milan Knížák]] (1940 Prague),
 +
Gyula Pauer (1941 Budapest),
 +
[[Krzysztof Wodiczko]] (1943 Warsaw/New York/Boston),
 +
Tamás Szentjóby (1944 Budapest),
 +
Jarosław Kozłowski (1945 Poznań),
 +
[[Valoch|Jiří Valoch]] (1946 Brno),
 +
J.H. Kocman (1947 Brno),
 +
[[Braco Dimitrijević]] (1948 Sarajevo/Zagreb/Paris),
 +
Goran Trbuljak (1948 Zagreb),
 +
[[Goran Đorđević]] (1950 Belgrade/New York).
 +
 +
; Groups
 +
* [[Gorgona]] (1959-66, Zagreb: Braco Dimitrijević, Josip Vaništa, Dimitrije Bašičević/Mangelos..)
 +
* Red Peristyle [Crveni Peristil] (1966-68, Split: Pavao Dulčić, Tomo Čaleta, Vladimir Dodig-Trokut, Slaven Sumić, Nenad Đapić, Radovan Kogej, Srđan Blažević, Denis Dokić)
 +
* OHO Group (1966-71 Ljubljana: Marko Pogačnik, David Nez, Milenko Matanović, Andraž Šalamun)
 +
* KÔD Group (1960s-70s Novi Sad: Mirko Radojčić, Slobodan Tišma, Miroslav Mandić, Slavko Bogdanović, Peđa Vranešević)
 +
* E Group (Novi Sad: Ana Raković, Čedomir Drča, Vladimir Kopicl, Miša Živanović)
 +
* [[Bosch+Bosch]] (1969-76 Subotica:  Slavko Matković, Edit Basch, István Krekovics, Zoltán Magyar, László Szalma, Bálint Szombathy, Slobodan Tomanović, et al.)
 +
* [[Group 143]] (1975-80 Belgrade: Miško Šuvaković, Jovan Čekić, Paja Stanković, Neša Paripović, Maja Savić)
 +
* ZzIP Group (1983-89 int'l: Marko Pogačnik, Mirko Radojčić, Miško Šuvaković, Dubravka Djurić, Zoran Belić Weiss, Nenad Petrović)
 +
 +
===Resources===
 +
* [https://www.forgottenheritage.eu Forgotten Heritage], 8,000 works of selected artists of the Polish, Croatian, Estonian, Belgian and French postwar avant-gardes. Launched 2018.
 +
 +
===Literature===
 +
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=conceptualart-cee}}
 +
 +
===See also===
 +
[[Conceptual art]]
  
 
==Geometric abstraction, Neo-constructivism, Op art, Kinetic art==
 
==Geometric abstraction, Neo-constructivism, Op art, Kinetic art==
Line 132: Line 233:
 
visual kinetics (plastique cinétique, 1950s, Vasarely)
 
visual kinetics (plastique cinétique, 1950s, Vasarely)
  
===People===
+
===Artists===
 
* late 1940s-60s: [[Victor Vasarely]] (Budapest/Paris), [[Nicolas Schöffer]] (Hungary/Paris), [[Zdeněk Sýkora]] (Prague), [[Exat 51]] group (Zagreb), [[Gyula Kosice]] (Košice/Buenos Aires)
 
* late 1940s-60s: [[Victor Vasarely]] (Budapest/Paris), [[Nicolas Schöffer]] (Hungary/Paris), [[Zdeněk Sýkora]] (Prague), [[Exat 51]] group (Zagreb), [[Gyula Kosice]] (Košice/Buenos Aires)
 
* 1960s-70s: [[Milan Dobeš]] (Bratislava), [[Dvizheniye]] group (Moscow, incl. [[Lev Nusberg]] and [[Francisco Infante]]), [[111]] group (Timisoara), [[Piotr Kowalski]] (Lwow/Paris), [[Bulat Galeev]] (Kazan), [[Gyula Pauer]] (Budapest), [[Zbigniew Gostomski]] (Warsaw), [[Ryszard Winiarski]] (Warsaw), [[Diet Sayler]] (Romania/Germany), [[Juraj Dobrović]] (Zagreb), [[Sigma]] group (Timisoara)
 
* 1960s-70s: [[Milan Dobeš]] (Bratislava), [[Dvizheniye]] group (Moscow, incl. [[Lev Nusberg]] and [[Francisco Infante]]), [[111]] group (Timisoara), [[Piotr Kowalski]] (Lwow/Paris), [[Bulat Galeev]] (Kazan), [[Gyula Pauer]] (Budapest), [[Zbigniew Gostomski]] (Warsaw), [[Ryszard Winiarski]] (Warsaw), [[Diet Sayler]] (Romania/Germany), [[Juraj Dobrović]] (Zagreb), [[Sigma]] group (Timisoara)
 +
 +
===Literature===
 +
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=visualresearch-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
 
[[Slovakia#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|Slovakia]], [[Hungary#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|Hungary]], [[Romania#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|Romania]].
 
[[Slovakia#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|Slovakia]], [[Hungary#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|Hungary]], [[Romania#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|Romania]].
Further [[Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|bibliography]].
+
Further [[Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Geometric_abstraction.2C_Neo-constructivism.2C_Op_art.2C_Kinetic_art|bibliography]].
  
 
==Audiovisual compositions==
 
==Audiovisual compositions==
Line 146: Line 250:
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
 
Audiovisual compositions in [[Czech Republic#Audiovisual compositions|Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia#Audiovisual_compositions|Slovakia]].
 
Audiovisual compositions in [[Czech Republic#Audiovisual compositions|Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia#Audiovisual_compositions|Slovakia]].
Further [[Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Audiovisual_compositions|bibliography]].
+
Further [[Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Audiovisual_compositions|bibliography]].
 +
 
 +
==Fluxus, Intermedia==
 +
===Literature===
 +
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=intermedia-cee}}
  
 
==Cybernetics==
 
==Cybernetics==
Line 156: Line 264:
 
* Other early instruments include Sonchromatoskop by Sándor László (1920), Sonar by N.Anan'yev (c1930), Ekvodin by V.A.Gurov (1931), Emiriton by A.Ivanov and A.Rimsky-Korsakov (1932). While in the United States, Termen also created Theremin Cello (electric Cello with no strings and no bow, using a plastic fingerboard, a handle for volume and two knobs for sound shaping, c1930), Theremin keyboard (a piano-like device, c1930), Rhythmicon (world's first drum machine, 1931), and Terpsitone (platform that converts dance movements into tones, 1932). In the 1930s, professor E.A.Sholpo established a laboratory for sound synthesis where he developed his '''Variophone''' (1932), a precursor of the synthesizers. A.A.Volodin, a scientist in the field of electronic sound synthesis, designed a whole series of new instruments.
 
* Other early instruments include Sonchromatoskop by Sándor László (1920), Sonar by N.Anan'yev (c1930), Ekvodin by V.A.Gurov (1931), Emiriton by A.Ivanov and A.Rimsky-Korsakov (1932). While in the United States, Termen also created Theremin Cello (electric Cello with no strings and no bow, using a plastic fingerboard, a handle for volume and two knobs for sound shaping, c1930), Theremin keyboard (a piano-like device, c1930), Rhythmicon (world's first drum machine, 1931), and Terpsitone (platform that converts dance movements into tones, 1932). In the 1930s, professor E.A.Sholpo established a laboratory for sound synthesis where he developed his '''Variophone''' (1932), a precursor of the synthesizers. A.A.Volodin, a scientist in the field of electronic sound synthesis, designed a whole series of new instruments.
 
* In Moscow, Eugene Murzin constructed one of the world's first synthesizers in 1955. He named his invention, ANS synthesizer, in honor of Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin, as the ANS worked on the principle of the transformation of light waves into electronic soundings. The compositions created on the ANS in the Moscow Studio of Electronic Music since 1958 played the major role in the development of electronic music in USSR. In the 1960s, the ANS was the only synthesizer in the Union, and became the training ground of a great number of young composers, including one of the most dedicated experimenters in the field of electronic music, Edward Artemyev. Artemyev's compositions are characterized by a constant search for new sounds and by a desire to obtain maximum timbre modification from minimal sound material. In the music for A. Tarkovsky's film  Solaris (1972), Artemyev discovered an entire realm of unusual (for that time) sound effects; he founded a new trend in electronic music that musicologists have named 'space music'. (In 1972 the studio acquired the module synthesizer "SYNTHI-100" of English company "Taylor".)
 
* In Moscow, Eugene Murzin constructed one of the world's first synthesizers in 1955. He named his invention, ANS synthesizer, in honor of Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin, as the ANS worked on the principle of the transformation of light waves into electronic soundings. The compositions created on the ANS in the Moscow Studio of Electronic Music since 1958 played the major role in the development of electronic music in USSR. In the 1960s, the ANS was the only synthesizer in the Union, and became the training ground of a great number of young composers, including one of the most dedicated experimenters in the field of electronic music, Edward Artemyev. Artemyev's compositions are characterized by a constant search for new sounds and by a desire to obtain maximum timbre modification from minimal sound material. In the music for A. Tarkovsky's film  Solaris (1972), Artemyev discovered an entire realm of unusual (for that time) sound effects; he founded a new trend in electronic music that musicologists have named 'space music'. (In 1972 the studio acquired the module synthesizer "SYNTHI-100" of English company "Taylor".)
* Warsaw Autumn Festival initiated by Baird and Serocki presented since 1956 works by Berg, Schönberg, or Bartók; Stockhausen or Schaeffer visited. Polish Radio Experimental studio was founded by Patkowski in 1957.
+
* Warsaw Autumn Festival initiated by Baird and Serocki presented since 1956 works by Berg, Schönberg, and Bartók; Stockhausen and Schaeffer visited. Polish Radio Experimental studio was founded by Patkowski in 1957.
* In Czechoslovakia, the first representative Seminar on Electronic Music, organized on the initiative of several Czech and Slovak composers, musicologists and sound technicians, was held at the Research Institute of Radio and Television in Pilsen in 1964. It appeared a miracle to many people interested in this kind of musical creativity. The seminar dealt seriously and manifestly with questions of electronic music, for the first time in Czechoslovak cultural context.  The representative survey on electronic music written by Czech musicologist Vladimir Lebl and published in 1966 was the fundamental theoretical work, followed by his translation of the book "La Musique concrete" by Pierre Schaeffer. Several compositions by the classicists of concrete, tape and electronic music appeared in radio broadcasts in 1965 and the first LP with electronic music pieces by both inland and foreign composers was published as soon as in 1966. Followed by foundation of experimental music studios in Bratislava (1965) and Pilsen (1967).
+
* In Czechoslovakia, the first representative Seminar on Electronic Music, organized on the initiative of several Czech and Slovak composers, musicologists and sound technicians, was held at the Research Institute of Radio and Television in Pilsen in 1964. It appeared a miracle to many people interested in this kind of musical creativity. The seminar dealt seriously and manifestly with questions of electronic music, for the first time in Czechoslovak cultural context.  The representative survey on electronic music written by Czech musicologist Vladimir Lebl and published in 1966 was the fundamental theoretical work, followed by his translation of the book "La Musique concrète" by Pierre Schaeffer. Several compositions by the classicists of concrete, tape and electronic music appeared in radio broadcasts in 1965 and the first LP with electronic music pieces by both inland and foreign composers was published as soon as in 1966. Followed by foundation of experimental music studios in Bratislava (1965) and Pilsen (1967).
 
* During 1950s-70s the number of composers visited New Music courses in Darmstadt (Kotonski, Piňos, Jeney, Sáry), studied and worked with studios WDR Cologne (Kotonski, Eötvös, Dubrovay), GRM Paris (Kotonski, Kabeláč, Piňos, Vidovszky), Munich (Piňos), STEM Utrecht (Kabeláč), or IRCAM Paris (Eötvös).
 
* During 1950s-70s the number of composers visited New Music courses in Darmstadt (Kotonski, Piňos, Jeney, Sáry), studied and worked with studios WDR Cologne (Kotonski, Eötvös, Dubrovay), GRM Paris (Kotonski, Kabeláč, Piňos, Vidovszky), Munich (Piňos), STEM Utrecht (Kabeláč), or IRCAM Paris (Eötvös).
 
* Gorizont became known as some sort of Russian version of Kraftwerk, releasing an LP by the "Soviet State" record label Melodia.
 
* Gorizont became known as some sort of Russian version of Kraftwerk, releasing an LP by the "Soviet State" record label Melodia.
  
 
===Terms===
 
===Terms===
musique concréte (1949, Schaeffer, Paris), elektronische Musik (1950, Eimert and Meyer-Eppler, Cologne), New Music, synthesizer (ANS synthesizer, 1955, Moscow; RCA Music synthesizer, 1955), white noise, vocoder, atonal music, serialism
+
musique concrète (1949, Schaeffer, Paris), elektronische Musik (1950, Eimert and Meyer-Eppler, Cologne), New Music, synthesizer (ANS synthesizer, 1955, Moscow; RCA Music synthesizer, 1955), white noise, vocoder, atonal music, serialism
  
 
===Studios===
 
===Studios===
 
[[Polish Radio Experimental Studio]] Warsaw (1957, Patkowski), [[Experimental studio of electronic music Moscow]] (1958, Murzin), [[Experimentalstudio für künstliche Klang- und Geräuscherzeugung]] East Berlin (1953 or 1962?), [[Experimental Studio of Slovak Radio]] Bratislava (1965, Kolman), [[Experimental Studio of Czech Radio Pilsen]] (1967-94), [[New Music Studio Budapest]] (1970), [[Electronic Studio of Radio Belgrade]] (1972, Radovanović), [[Electro-acoustic Music Studio]] at Academy of Music Krakow (1973, Patkowski), Electronic music studio Sofia (1974), [[Electroacoustic Music Studio of the Hungarian Radio]] Budapest (1975, Decsényi), [[Studio for Electronic Music]] Dresden (1984, Wissmann), [[Audiostudio of Czechoslovak Radio Prague]] (1990-94), [[Theremin Center]] Moscow (1992, Smirnov), [[Electronic Music Studio at the Estonian Academy of Music]] Tallinn (1995, Sumera) [http://www.emdoku.de/cgi-bin/LookStudio?key1=Abbreviation&string1=.*&key2=Abbreviation&string2=.*&nkeys=1&format=short&subm1=submit+search%21 more]
 
[[Polish Radio Experimental Studio]] Warsaw (1957, Patkowski), [[Experimental studio of electronic music Moscow]] (1958, Murzin), [[Experimentalstudio für künstliche Klang- und Geräuscherzeugung]] East Berlin (1953 or 1962?), [[Experimental Studio of Slovak Radio]] Bratislava (1965, Kolman), [[Experimental Studio of Czech Radio Pilsen]] (1967-94), [[New Music Studio Budapest]] (1970), [[Electronic Studio of Radio Belgrade]] (1972, Radovanović), [[Electro-acoustic Music Studio]] at Academy of Music Krakow (1973, Patkowski), Electronic music studio Sofia (1974), [[Electroacoustic Music Studio of the Hungarian Radio]] Budapest (1975, Decsényi), [[Studio for Electronic Music]] Dresden (1984, Wissmann), [[Audiostudio of Czechoslovak Radio Prague]] (1990-94), [[Theremin Center]] Moscow (1992, Smirnov), [[Electronic Music Studio at the Estonian Academy of Music]] Tallinn (1995, Sumera) [http://www.emdoku.de/cgi-bin/LookStudio?key1=Abbreviation&string1=.*&key2=Abbreviation&string2=.*&nkeys=1&format=short&subm1=submit+search%21 more]
  
===People===
+
===Composers, artists, musicologists===
 
* mid-1950s-60s: [[Jozef Patkowski]] (Warsaw), [[Wlodzimierz Kotonski]] (Warsaw), [[Evgeny Murzin]] (engineer, Moscow), [[Edward Artemiev]] (Moscow), [[Peter Kolman]] (Bratislava), [[Miloslav Kabeláč]] (Pilsen), [[Vladimír Lébl]] (musicologist, Prague), [[Antonín Sychra]] (musicologist, Prague), [[Milan Knížák]] (Prague)
 
* mid-1950s-60s: [[Jozef Patkowski]] (Warsaw), [[Wlodzimierz Kotonski]] (Warsaw), [[Evgeny Murzin]] (engineer, Moscow), [[Edward Artemiev]] (Moscow), [[Peter Kolman]] (Bratislava), [[Miloslav Kabeláč]] (Pilsen), [[Vladimír Lébl]] (musicologist, Prague), [[Antonín Sychra]] (musicologist, Prague), [[Milan Knížák]] (Prague)
 
* 1970s: [[Vladan Radovanović]] (Belgrade), [[Péter Eötvös]] (Budapest), [[Zoltán Jeney]] (Budapest), [[László Vidovszky]] (Budapest), [[László Sáry]] (Budapest)
 
* 1970s: [[Vladan Radovanović]] (Belgrade), [[Péter Eötvös]] (Budapest), [[Zoltán Jeney]] (Budapest), [[László Vidovszky]] (Budapest), [[László Sáry]] (Budapest)
Line 177: Line 285:
 
* 1990s: [[Evenings of New Music]] (Bratislava, *1990), [[IFEM]] and [[FEM]] festival (Bratislava, 1992-96), [[Exposition of New Music]] (Brno, *1993).
 
* 1990s: [[Evenings of New Music]] (Bratislava, *1990), [[IFEM]] and [[FEM]] festival (Bratislava, 1992-96), [[Exposition of New Music]] (Brno, *1993).
 
* 2000s: [[Next]] festival (Bratislava, *1999), [[X-Peripheria]] festival (Budapest, *2000)
 
* 2000s: [[Next]] festival (Bratislava, *1999), [[X-Peripheria]] festival (Budapest, *2000)
 +
 +
===Resources===
 +
* [http://umcseet.eu/ Unearthing The Music: Creative Sound and Experimentation under European Totalitarianism], a research project led by Out.ra association, 2017ff.
  
 
===Literature===
 
===Literature===
{{:Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=eamusic-cee}}
+
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=eamusic-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
Line 187: Line 298:
  
 
==Multimedia environments==
 
==Multimedia environments==
===People and works===
+
===Artists and works===
* 1950s-60s: [[Josef Svoboda]]'s ''Laterna Magika'', ''Diacran'', ''Polyecran'', and ''Diapolyecran'' (Prague), [[Jaroslav Frič]]'s ''Polyvision'' and ''Vertical Cinemascope'' (Prague), [[Dvizheniye]] group's ''Cybertheatre'' (Moscow, incl. [[Lev Nusberg]] and [[Francisco Infante]]), [[Stano Filko]]'s ''Cathedral of Humanism'' (Bratislava), [[Jerzy Rosołowicz]]'s ''Neutrdrom'' (Wroclaw), [[VAL]] group's ''Heliopolis'' (Bratislava)
+
* 1950s-60s: [[Josef Svoboda]]'s ''Laterna Magika'', ''Diacran'', ''Polyecran'', and ''Diapolyecran'' (Prague), [[Jaroslav Frič]]'s ''Polyvision'' and ''Vertical Cinemascope'' (Prague), [[Dvizheniye]] group's ''Cybertheatre'' (Moscow, incl. [[Lev Nusberg]] and [[Francisco Infante]]), [[Stano Filko]]'s ''Cathedral of Humanism'' (Bratislava), [[Jerzy Rosołowicz]]'s ''Neutrdrom'' (Wroclaw), [[VAL]] group's ''Heliopolis'' (Bratislava), [[Jana Želibská]]'s ''The Possibility of Exposure'' (Bratislava).
 
* 1970s: [[Attila Kováts]] (Cologne/Budapest)
 
* 1970s: [[Attila Kováts]] (Cologne/Budapest)
 
* 1980s: [[András Mengyán]] (Budapest)
 
* 1980s: [[András Mengyán]] (Budapest)
  
 
===Literature===
 
===Literature===
{{:Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=multimedia-cee}}
+
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=multimedia-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
 
Multimedia environments in [[Czech Republic#Multimedia environments|Czech Republic]],  [[Hungary#Interactive_environments_and_installations|Hungary]].
 
Multimedia environments in [[Czech Republic#Multimedia environments|Czech Republic]],  [[Hungary#Interactive_environments_and_installations|Hungary]].
Further [[Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Multimedia_environments|bibliography]].
+
Further [[Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography#Multimedia_environments|bibliography]].
  
 
==Computer art, Dynamic objects, Cybernetic sculpture==
 
==Computer art, Dynamic objects, Cybernetic sculpture==
Line 203: Line 314:
 
new materials, information aesthetics (1960s, Bense and Moles)
 
new materials, information aesthetics (1960s, Bense and Moles)
  
===People===
+
===Artists===
 
* 1950s: [[Nicolas Schöffer]] (cybernetic sculpture, Hungary/Paris)
 
* 1950s: [[Nicolas Schöffer]] (cybernetic sculpture, Hungary/Paris)
 
* 1960s: [[Vladimir Bonačić]] (dynamic objects, Zagreb), [[Petar Milojević]] (Belgrade/Toronto)
 
* 1960s: [[Vladimir Bonačić]] (dynamic objects, Zagreb), [[Petar Milojević]] (Belgrade/Toronto)
Line 217: Line 328:
  
 
===Literature===
 
===Literature===
{{:Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=computerart-cee}}
+
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=computerart-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
Line 227: Line 338:
 
new art practices (1970s)
 
new art practices (1970s)
  
===People===
+
===Artists===
* 1970s: [[Woody Vasulka]] (Prague/New York City), [[Jozef Robakowski]] (Lodz), [[Wojciech Bruszewski]] (Lodz), [[Antoni Mikołajczyk]] (Lodz), [[Ryszard Waśko]] (Lodz), [[Nuša and Srečo Dragan]] (Ljubljana), [[Miha Vipotnik]] (Ljubljana), [[Sanja Iveković]] (Zagreb), [[Dalibor Martinis]] (Zagreb), [[Goran Trbuljak]] (Zagreb), [[Ivan Faktor]] (Osijek)
+
* 1970s: [[Woody Vasulka]] (Prague/New York City), [[Jozef Robakowski]] (Łódź), [[Wojciech Bruszewski]] (Łódź), [[Antoni Mikołajczyk]] (Łódź), [[Ryszard Waśko]] (Łódź), [[Nuša and Srečo Dragan]] (Ljubljana), [[Miha Vipotnik]] (Ljubljana), [[Sanja Iveković]] (Zagreb), [[Dalibor Martinis]] (Zagreb), [[Goran Trbuljak]] (Zagreb), [[Ivan Faktor]] (Osijek)
 
* 1980s: [[Pawel Kwiek]] (Warsaw), [[Petr Skala]] (Prague), [[Team T]] group, [[Izabella Gustowska]] (Poznań), [[Yach-Film]] group, [[Marina Abramović]] (Novi Sad/Belgrade/Amsterdam), [[Raša Todosijević]] (Belgrade), [[Krzysztof Wodiczko]] (Warsaw/New York City/Boston)
 
* 1980s: [[Pawel Kwiek]] (Warsaw), [[Petr Skala]] (Prague), [[Team T]] group, [[Izabella Gustowska]] (Poznań), [[Yach-Film]] group, [[Marina Abramović]] (Novi Sad/Belgrade/Amsterdam), [[Raša Todosijević]] (Belgrade), [[Krzysztof Wodiczko]] (Warsaw/New York City/Boston)
* 1990s: [[Peter Rónai]] (Bratislava), [[Cãlin Dan]] (Bucharest/Amsterdam), [[Apsolutno]] group (Novi Sad), [[Ando Keskküla]] (Tallinn), [[Jaan Toomik]] (Tallinn), [[Deimantas Narkevicius]] (Vilnius), [[Ryszard Kluszczynski]] (theorist, Lodz/Poznan)
+
* 1990s: [[Peter Rónai]] (Bratislava), [[Cãlin Dan]] (Bucharest/Amsterdam), [[Apsolutno]] group (Novi Sad), [[Ando Keskküla]] (Tallinn), [[Jaan Toomik]] (Tallinn), [[Deimantas Narkevicius]] (Vilnius)
  
 
===Events===
 
===Events===
Line 245: Line 356:
 
===Archives===
 
===Archives===
 
* [[Transitland]] archive, 1990s-2000s
 
* [[Transitland]] archive, 1990s-2000s
 +
 +
===Literature===
 +
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=video-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
Line 254: Line 368:
 
mailing list, discussion forum, media lab (1990s-2000s), net art (1990s), streaming, tactical media, hacker culture, audiovisual performance, digital signal processing (DSP), Pure Data, Max/MSP, vvvvv, SuperCollider, online social network
 
mailing list, discussion forum, media lab (1990s-2000s), net art (1990s), streaming, tactical media, hacker culture, audiovisual performance, digital signal processing (DSP), Pure Data, Max/MSP, vvvvv, SuperCollider, online social network
  
===People===
+
===Artists, writers===
 
* 1990s-2000s: [[János Sugár]] (Budapest), [[Miloš Vojtěchovský]] (Prague), [[Keiko Sei]] (Prague/Brno), [[Nina Czegledy]] (Budapest/Toronto), [[Stephen Kovats]] (Dessau), [[Silver]] (Prague), [[Alexei Shulgin]] (Moscow/London), [[Olia Lialina]] (Moscow), [[Inke Arns]] (Berlin), [[Rasa Smite]] and [[Raitis Smits]] (Riga), [[Luchezar Boyadjiev]] (Sofia), [[Cãlin Dan]] (Bucharest), [[Vuk Ćosić]] (Ljubljana), [[Marko Peljhan]] (Ljubljana), [[Igor Štromajer]] (Ljubljana), [[John Grzinich]] (Mooste), [[Ákos Maróy]] (Budapest/New York City), [[Petko Dourmana]] (Sofia), [[Ivor Diosi]] (Bratislava/Prague), [[Guy van Belle]] (Brussels/Bratislava), [[Jakub Nepraš]] (Prague), [[Rene Beekman]] (Amsterdam/Sofia), [[Krassimir Terziev]] (Sofia)
 
* 1990s-2000s: [[János Sugár]] (Budapest), [[Miloš Vojtěchovský]] (Prague), [[Keiko Sei]] (Prague/Brno), [[Nina Czegledy]] (Budapest/Toronto), [[Stephen Kovats]] (Dessau), [[Silver]] (Prague), [[Alexei Shulgin]] (Moscow/London), [[Olia Lialina]] (Moscow), [[Inke Arns]] (Berlin), [[Rasa Smite]] and [[Raitis Smits]] (Riga), [[Luchezar Boyadjiev]] (Sofia), [[Cãlin Dan]] (Bucharest), [[Vuk Ćosić]] (Ljubljana), [[Marko Peljhan]] (Ljubljana), [[Igor Štromajer]] (Ljubljana), [[John Grzinich]] (Mooste), [[Ákos Maróy]] (Budapest/New York City), [[Petko Dourmana]] (Sofia), [[Ivor Diosi]] (Bratislava/Prague), [[Guy van Belle]] (Brussels/Bratislava), [[Jakub Nepraš]] (Prague), [[Rene Beekman]] (Amsterdam/Sofia), [[Krassimir Terziev]] (Sofia)
  
Line 271: Line 385:
  
 
===Literature===
 
===Literature===
{{:Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=newmedia-cee}}
+
{{:Central_and_Eastern_Europe_Bibliography|transcludesection=newmedia-cee}}
  
 
===See also===
 
===See also===
* [[:Category:Media_art_labs]]
+
[[Media labs]], [[:Category:Media_art_festivals|Media art festivals]], [[:Category:Media_art_conferences|Media art conferences]]
* [[:Category:Media_art_festivals]]
 
* [[:Category:Media_art_conferences]]
 
  
 
==Media theory==
 
==Media theory==
===People===
+
===Theorists===
 
[[Vilém Flusser]] (Prague/Germany/Brazil)
 
[[Vilém Flusser]] (Prague/Germany/Brazil)
 +
 
===Events===
 
===Events===
 
[[The Media Are With Us]] (Budapest, 1990), [[Prague Media Symposium]] (Prague, 1991-98), [[MetaForum]] (Budapest, 1994-96), [[Mutamorphosis]] (Prague, 2007)
 
[[The Media Are With Us]] (Budapest, 1990), [[Prague Media Symposium]] (Prague, 1991-98), [[MetaForum]] (Budapest, 1994-96), [[Mutamorphosis]] (Prague, 2007)
  
==Art theory, history, and criticism==
+
==Art history, theory, and criticism==
===People===
+
===Scholars===
[[Jindřich Chalupecký]] (Prague), [[Tomáš Štrauss]] (Bratislava/Germany), [[Ješa Denegri]] (Belgrade), [[Bojana Pejić]] (Belgrade/Berlin), [[Jiří Valoch]] (Prague), [[Boris Groys]] (Moscow/Berlin), [[Igor Zabel]] (Ljubljana), [[Miško Šuvaković]] (Belgrade), [[Marina Gržinić]] (Ljubljana), [[Miklós Peternák]] (Budapest), [[Piotr Piotrowski]] (Poznan/Warsaw), [[Viktor Misiano]] (Moscow), [[Éva Forgács]] (Budapest/Pasadena), [[Keiko Sei]] (Brno/Karlsruhe/Thailand), [[Tomáš Pospiszyl]] (Prague), [[IRWIN]] (Ljubljana), [[Boris Buden]] (Zagreb), [[Georg Schöllhammer]] (Vienna), [[Reuben Fowkes]] (Budapest), [[Gerald Raunig]] (Vienna), [[Dejan Sretenović]] (Belgrade), [[Dmitry Vilensky]] (St. Petersburg), [[David Crowley]].
+
<div class="dpl" style="-moz-column-count:4; -webkit-column-count:4; column-count:4; font-size: .95em">
 +
* [[Chalupecky|Jindřich Chalupecký]] (1910-90, worked in Prague)
 +
* [[Matustik|Radislav Matuštík]] (1929-2006 Bratislava)
 +
* [[Strauss|Tomáš Štrauss]] (1931-2013 Bratislava/Germany)
 +
* [[Ješa Denegri]] (1936, works in Belgrade)
 +
* [[Krisztina Passuth]] (1937 Budapest)
 +
* [[Beke|László Beke]] (1944 Budapest)
 +
* [[Valoch|Jiří Valoch]] (1946 Prague)
 +
* [[Groys|Boris Groys]] (1947 Moscow/Berlin)
 +
* [[Éva Forgács]] (1947 Budapest/Pasadena)
 +
* [[Bojana Pejić]] (1948 Belgrade/Berlin)
 +
* [[Jaroslav Anděl]] (1949 Prague/New York)
 +
* [[Piotrowski|Piotr Piotrowski]] (1952-2015 Poznań/Warsaw)
 +
* [[Oriskova|Mária Orišková]] (1952 Bratislava)
 +
* [[Branka Stipančić]] (1953 Zagreb)
 +
* [[Suvakovic|Miško Šuvaković]] (1954 Belgrade)
 +
* [[Vojtechovsky|Miloš Vojtěchovský]] (1955 Prague)
 +
* [[Peternak|Miklós Peternák]] (1956 Budapest)
 +
* [[Viktor Misiano]] (1957 Moscow)
 +
* [[Zabel|Igor Zabel]] (1958-2005 Ljubljana)
 +
* [[Grzinic|Marina Gržinić]] (1958 Ljubljana)
 +
* [[Buden|Boris Buden]] (1958 Zagreb)
 +
* [[Georg Schöllhammer]] (1958 Vienna)
 +
* [[Ekaterina Degot]] (1958 Moscow/Cologne)
 +
* [[Rusnakova|Katarína Rusnáková]] (1959 Bratislava)
 +
* [[IRWIN]] (Ljubljana)
 +
* [[Suzana Milevska]] (1961 Vienna)
 +
* [[Sretenovic|Dejan Sretenović]] (1962 Belgrade)
 +
* [[Gerald Raunig]] (1963 Vienna)
 +
* [[Dmitry Vilensky]] (1964 St Petersburg)
 +
* [[David Crowley]] (1966 London)
 +
* [[Sei|Keiko Sei]] (Brno/Karlsruhe/Thailand)
 +
* [[Pospiszyl|Tomáš Pospiszyl]] (1967 Prague)
 +
* [[Mecl|Ivan Mečl]] (1968 Prague)
 +
* [[Reuben Fowkes]] (1971 Budapest)
 +
* [[Klara Kemp-Welch]] (London)
 +
* [[Ronduda|Łukasz Ronduda]] (1976 Warsaw)
 +
* [[Grun|Daniel Grúň]] (1977 Bratislava)
 +
* [[Keratova|Mira Keratová]] (1977 Bratislava)
 +
* [[Magid|Václav Magid]] (1979 Prague)
 +
* [[Zalesak|Jan Zálešák]] (1979 Brno)
 +
* [[Karol Sienkiewicz]] (1980 Warsaw/Vancouver)
 +
* [[Fabus|Palo Fabuš]] (1983 Prague)
 +
</div>
  
 
===Networks===
 
===Networks===
[[Third Text]], [[Springerin]] magazine (Vienna), [[Tranzit]] (Vienna), [[EIPCP]] (and [[Transversal]] journal, Vienna), [[Chto delat]] (St. Petersburg), [[SocialEast]], [[Prelom]] magazine (Belgrade), [[IDEA]] Arts+Society magazine (Cluj), [[ARTMargins]] (int), [[Artyčok]] (Prague)
+
[[Third Text]] (*1987, int), [[Springerin]] magazine (*1995, Vienna), [[IDEA]] Arts+Society magazine (*1999, Cluj), [http://artmargins.com ARTMargins] (*1999, int), [[EIPCP]] (and [[Transversal]] journal, *2000, Vienna), [[Prelom]] magazine (*2001, Belgrade), [[Tranzit]] (*2002, Vienna, Prague, Bratislava, Budapest, Bucharest), [[Chto delat]] (*2003, Moscow, St Petersburg), [[Artyčok]] (*2005, Prague), [http://www.trans-lit.info/ Translit] journal (*2005, St Petersburg), [http://www.formerwest.org Former West] (*2008, int).
  
 
==Local histories==
 
==Local histories==
Line 296: Line 452:
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 +
* [[Central and Eastern Europe Bibliography]]
  
[[Media art in Central and Eastern Europe Bibliography]]
+
==Colophon==
 
+
The first phase of this research (2009-11) was supported by [http://col-me.info/ cOL-mE], [http://www.visegradfund.org International Visegrad Fund], and [http://www.erstestiftung.org ERSTE Foundation].
==Support==
 
 
 
The research was supported by [http://col-me.info/ cOL-mE], [http://www.visegradfund.org International Visegrad Fund], and [http://www.erstestiftung.org ERSTE Foundation].
 
 
 
<div style='float: right; margin-left: 2em;'>[[Image:Colme logo.png|50px]] [[Image:Logo_ivf.png|180px]] [[Image:Erstestiftung.gif|162px]]</div>
 
  
 
Contributors include [[Dušan Barok]], [[Guy van Belle]], [[Nina Czegledy]], [[Lenka Dolanová]], [[Eva Krátká]], [[Magdaléna Kobzová]], [[Barbora Šedivá]], [[Joanna Walewska]], [[Darko Fritz]], [[bcd|Miro A. Cimerman]], [[Matko Meštrović]], [[Paul Stubbs]], [[Rarita Szakats]], [[Călin Man]], [[Raluca Velisar]], [[Miklós Peternák]], [[János Sugár]], [[Pit Schultz]], [[Diana McCarty]], [[Barbara Huber]], [[Maxigas]], [[Miloš Vojtěchovský]], [[Grzegorz Klaman]], [[František Zachoval]], [[Sølve N.T. Lauvås]], and many others.
 
Contributors include [[Dušan Barok]], [[Guy van Belle]], [[Nina Czegledy]], [[Lenka Dolanová]], [[Eva Krátká]], [[Magdaléna Kobzová]], [[Barbora Šedivá]], [[Joanna Walewska]], [[Darko Fritz]], [[bcd|Miro A. Cimerman]], [[Matko Meštrović]], [[Paul Stubbs]], [[Rarita Szakats]], [[Călin Man]], [[Raluca Velisar]], [[Miklós Peternák]], [[János Sugár]], [[Pit Schultz]], [[Diana McCarty]], [[Barbara Huber]], [[Maxigas]], [[Miloš Vojtěchovský]], [[Grzegorz Klaman]], [[František Zachoval]], [[Sølve N.T. Lauvås]], and many others.

Revision as of 15:35, 10 October 2018

Contents

Light-music synthesis

Composers, artists

1900s-20s: Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis (Warsaw/Vilnius), A.N.Scriabin, Vladimir Baranoff-Rossiné, Mikhail Matyushin (St. Petersburg), Alexander László, Arnošt Hošek, Zdeněk Pešánek (Prague), Miroslav Ponc (Prague)

Networks

Colour organs

  • There will be a day when a composer will compose music with a notation that will be conceived in terms of music and light… and that day, the artistic unity we were talking about will probably be closer to perfection.., Vladimir Baranoff-Rossiné, 1925.
  • (Colour) pianos (or organs) were constructed by the likes of Alexander Scriabin (with Preston Millar), Vladimir Baranoff-Rossiné, Alexander László, and Zdeněk Pešánek (with Erwin Schulhoff) in an attempt to navigate between musical and visual realms.
  • Scriabin composed a color-music piece Prometheus: The Poem of Fire (1911) and contracted Preston Millar to build an instrument to produce colors along to the music, named Chromola (Clavier à lumières; tastiéra per luce; keyboard with lights).
  • Futurist painter Baranoff-Rossiné's instrument introduced patterns and shapes into a color organ, built upon a modern piano, thus called the Optophonic Piano (Piano optophonique). The piano projected light through painted and rotating glass plates, whose colors, shapes and rhythms closely complemented the music (1916, developed since 1912); it was presented in the Theatre of Vsevolod Meyerhold, at his exhibition in Kristiana in Oslo (1916), and in the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow (1924). Baranoff-Rossiné performed until the late 1920s, but his work was displayed in several museums in Europe and the US from 1966 to 1975.
  • Alexander László, a Hungarian raised in Germany, a pianist and orchestra conductor, composed and performed music for various silent films in 1900s-10s. Arguing for a relation between the film and the music, he wrote a theoretical text on color-light-music, "Farblichtmusik" (1925). The theories were brought into practice in a series of performances across Europe. His device, Sonchromatoscope, consisted of a few switches above his piano, controlling a few projection lights and a slide projector lightning the stage above the piano. When the first reviews arrived, the main remark was that the projections were too simple. It was in a completely different league than the Chopin-like complexity of the piano music. In those days Oskar Fischinger was experimenting with abstract films. László contacted him to help improve his performance. Multiple extra slide projectors and overlapping projection lights were added to increase the complexity and the number of possible colors. This resulted in a a visual spectacle which completely turned the reviews over. Both László and Fischinger have toured with the show. [1]
  • With their Spectrophon-Piano (1928), Pešánek and Schulhoff attempted to create an audio-visual sculpture. The piano enabled the dynamic synthesis of music and coloured light in performances in big concert halls.

Events

Literature

Bibliography

See also

Further bibliography.

Constructivists, Futurists

Terms

formism (1910s, Chwistek, Czyżewski), Pure Form (1920s, Witkiewicz), strefism (1920s, Chwistek), mechano-faktura (1920s, Berlewi), unism (1920s, Strzemiński), photogenism (1920s, Funke), robot (1920s, Čapek)

Artists

1910s-20s: Wassily Kandinsky (Moscow/Weimar), Kazimir Malevich (Moscow/St. Petersburg), Naum Gabo (Moscow/Berlin), Vladimir Tatlin (Moscow), El Lissitzky (Moscow/St. Petersburg/Vitebsk), Alexander Rodchenko (Moscow), Varvara Stepanova (Moscow), Karl Ioganson (Moscow), Stenberg brothers (Moscow), Aleksei Gan (Moscow), Lajos Kassák (Budapest), László Moholy-Nagy (Berlin/London), Leon Chwistek (Krakow/Lwow), Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Warsaw), Anatol Stern (Warsaw), Karel Teige (Prague), Josef Vydra (Bratislava), Jaromír Funke (Prague/Bratislava), Henryk Berlewi (Warsaw/Berlin/Paris), Ljubomir Micić (Zagreb/Belgrade), Josip Seissel (Jo Klek; Zagreb), Ion Vinea (Bucharest), Marcel Janco (Bucharest), Victor Brauner (Bucharest/Paris), Władysław Strzemiński (Warsaw/Łódź), Katarzyna Kobro (Warsaw/Łódź), Mieczyslaw Szczuka (Warsaw), Avgust Černigoj (Trieste/Ljubljana), Ferdo Delak (Ljubljana), Vytautas Kairiūkštis (Vilnius), Jaan Vahtra (Tartu).

Networks, Journals

Events

Second Spring Exhibition of OBMOKhU, Moscow, May-Jun 1921.
Congress of International Progressive Artists, Düsseldorf, May 1922. L-R: unknown boy, Werner Graeff, Raoul Hausmann, Theo van Doesburg, Cornelis van Eesteren, Hans Richter, Nelly van Doesburg, unknown (De Pistoris?), El Lissitzky, Ruggero Vasari, Otto Freundlich (?), Hannah Höch, Franz Seiwert and Stanislav Kubicki.
Congress of the Constructivists and Dadaists, Weimar, Sep 1922. Top-bottom L-R: 1st row: Lucia Moholy, Alfréd Kemény, László Moholy-Nagy. 2nd row: Lotte Burchartz, El Lissitzky, Cornelis van Eesteren, Bernhard Sturtzkopf. 3rd row: Max Burchartz, Harry Scheibe, Theo van Doesburg (with paper hat), Hans Vogel, Peter Röhl. 4th row: Alexa Röhl, Nelly van Doesburg, Tristan Tzara, Sophie Taeuber, Hans Arp. 5th row: Werner Graeff and Hans Richter. Stedelijk.
  • Second Spring Exhibition of OBMOKhU in Moscow, May-June 1921. Several weeks earlier, in March 1921, five of the exhibiting artists (Rodchenko, Ioganson, Stenberg brothers, Medunetsky) formed together with Stepanova and Gan the First Working Group of Constructivists at the Moscow Institute of Artistic Culture (INKhUK).
  • Constructivists [Конструктивисты] exhibition in Moscow, January 1922. Stenberg brothers and Medunetsky show 61 constructivist works and publish a catalogue with manifesto. [6]
  • The Congress of International Progressive Artists [Kongress der Union Internationaler Fortschrittlicher Künstler] in Düsseldorf on 29-31 May 1922. Formation of the International Faction of Constructivists was organised by van Doesburg (representing the journal De Stijl), Richter (representing 'the Constructivist groups of Romania, Switzerland, Scandinavia and Germany') and Lissitzky (representing the editorial board of Veshch'-Gegenstand-Objet). The faction's declaration was later published in De Stijl (no. 4, 1922).
  • Congress of the Constructivists and Dadaists, Weimar, 25-26 September 1922.
  • The First Russian Art Exhibition [Erste russische Kunstausstellung] opened at Galerie van Diemen in Berlin on 15 October 1922, with over 1,000 objects by c180 artists: 237 paintings, more than 500 graphic works, sculptures, as well as designs for theater, architectural models, and porcelain. The exhibition's official host was the Russian Ministry for Information, and it was put together by the artists Gabo, David Sterenberg, and Nathan Altman. Version of the exhibition later travelled to Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, in April-May 1923.
  • New Art Exhibition [Wystawa Nowej Sztuki], organised by Strzemiński and Kairiūkštis in Vilnius on May-June 1923. The works included painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, scenography, and print; cubist, constructivist, and suprematist compositions predominated. The 7 exhibiting artists went on to form the Blok collective.
  • The Block of Cubists, Constructivists and Supermatists [Blok Kubistów, Suprematystów i Konstruktywistów], an exhibition of Blok at the Laurin & Clement car dealer's shop in Warsaw, March 1924. Works by 9 artists.
  • First Zenit International Exhibition of New Art [Прва Зенитова међународна изложба нове уметности], organised by Micić in April 1924 in Belgrade. Featured one hundred works advertised as "futurism, cubism, expressionism, ornamental cubism, suprematism, constructivism, neoclassicism and the like".
  • The First Contimporanul International Exhibition organised by Contimporanul magazine in November 1924 in Bucharest brought together the Romanian avant-garde along with international artists.
  • The a.r. International Collection of Modern Art, donated by a.r. group to the Municipal Museum of History and Art (now Museum of Art; Museum Sztuki) in Łódź, opened to the public in February 1931. It included 111 works and represented - as no other contemporary European collection had done - the main movements of avant-garde art, from Cubism, Futurism and Constructivism, through Purism and Surrealism, to Neo-Plasticism, Unism and Formism.
  • The Constructivists [Die Konstruktivisten] exhibition at Kunsthalle Basel, Jan-Feb 1937. Poster. Review.
Retrospective exhibitions
  • Constructivism in Poland 1923-1936: BLOK, Praesens, a.r., Museum Folkwang, Essen, May-Jun 1973. Also shown in Otterlo/NL 1973; Stockholm 1975-76, New York 1976 [7], Detroit 1976, Buffalo 1976, Montreal 1977, Rome 1979, Genoa 1979, Venice 1979, Belgrade 1979, Zagreb 1979, Cambridge 1984, London 1984, Oxford 1984, Budapest 1990, Washington 1993. [8]
  • The Planar Dimension: Europe, 1912-1932, Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1979. Curated by Margit Rowell. Catalogue published.
  • Europa, Europa. Das Jahrhundert der Avantgarde in Mittel- und Osteuropa, Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, 27 May - 16 October 1994. Large-scale exhibition with constructivist section. 4-volume catalogue published.
  • Central European Avant-Gardes, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2002. Curated by Timothy O. Benson. Large-scale exhibition with constructivist section. Catalogue published: TOC.
  • Von Kandinsky bis Tatlin: Konstruktivismus in Europa/From Kandinsky to Tatlin: Constructivism in Europe, Staatliches Museum, Schwerin, and Kunstmuseum, Bonn, 2006. Catalogue published.

Literature

Catalogues
  • Europa, Europa. Das Jahrhundert der Avantgarde in Mittel- und Osteuropa, eds. Ryszard Stanislawski and Christoph Brockhaus, Bonn, 1994. Contributions from c150 authors. Four volumes: Vol I (five introductory essays followed by 73 short texts on the work of specific artists) 479 pp. incl. 247 col. pls. and 116 b&w ills.; Vol II (36 essays on aspects of architecture, literature, theatre, film and music) 239 pp. incl. 251 b&w ills.; Vol III, compiled by Hubertus Gassner (354 short texts of the period 1894-1994 by artists, critics etc., in German translation), 367 pp.; Vol IV (biographies; selected bibliography; list of exhibited works; index) 99 pp. [9] [10] (German)
  • Central European Avant-Gardes: Exchange and Transformation, 1910-1930, ed. Timothy O. Benson, forew. Péter Nádas, Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002, 447 pp. Publisher. Review: Zusi (SEEJ). (English)
  • Von Kandinsky bis Tatlin: Konstruktivismus in Europa/From Kandinsky to Tatlin: Constructivism in Europe, Schwerin: Staatliches Museum; and Bonn: Kunstmuseum, 2006. (German)/(English)
  • Vzplanutí. Expresionistické tendence ve Střední Evropě 1903-1936, ed. Ladislav Daněk, Olomouc: Muzeum umění Olomouc, 2008, 200 pp. [11] (Czech)
Anthologies
Books
  • George Rickey, Constructivism: Origins and Evolution, New York: G. Braziller, 1967, xi+306 pp, OL; rev.ed., 1995, xi+306 pp. (English)
  • Willy Rotzler, Konstruktive Konzepte: eine Geschichte der konstruktiven Kunst vom Kubismus bis heute, Zurich: ABC, 1977, 299 pp; new ed., 1988, 332 pp; 3rd ed., 1995, 332 pp. (German)
  • Krisztina Passuth, Les avant-gardes de l'Europe Centrale, 1907-1927, Paris: Flammarion, 1988, 327 pp. (French)
    • Avantgarde kapcsolatok Prágától Bukarestig 1907-1930, Budapest: Balassi, 1998, 381 pp. (Hungarian)
    • Treffpunkte der Avantgarden: Ostmitteleuropa 1907–1930, trans. Aniko Harmath, Dresden: Verlag der Kunst, 2003, 337 pp. Review: Dmitrieva-Einhorn (H-Soz-Kult 2006). (German)
  • Lothar Lang, Konstruktivismus und Buchkunst, Leipzig: Edition Leipzig, 1990, 208 pp. TOC. (German)
  • S.A. Mansbach, Modern Art in Eastern Europe: From the Baltic to the Balkans, ca. 1890-1939, Cambridge University Press, 1999, 384 pp, IA. (English)
  • Dubravka Djurić, Miško Šuvaković (eds.), Impossible Histories: Historical Avant-gardes, Neo-avant-gardes, and Post-avant-gardes in Yugoslavia, 1918-1991, MIT Press, 2003, xviii+605 pp. (English)
  • Vojtěch Lahoda (ed.), Local Strategies, International Ambitions: Modern Art and Central Europe 1918-1968, Prague: Artefactum, 2006, 243 pp. Papers from the international conference, Prague, 11-14 Jun 2003. TOC. Papers: Anna Brzynski, Maria Elena Versari. [12] [13]
  • Elizabeth Clegg, Art, Design, and Architecture in Central Europe 1890-1920, Yale University Press, 2006, 356 pp. [14] (English)
  • Sascha Bru, et al. (eds.), Europa! Europa? The Avant-Garde, Modernism and the Fate of a Continent, 1, Berlin: De Gruyter, 2009. (English)
  • Günter Berghaus (ed.), Futurism in Eastern and Central Europe, De Gruyter (International Yearbook of Futurism Studies 1), 2011. (English)
  • Sarah Posman, Anne Reverseau, David Ayers, Sascha Bru, Benedikt Hjartarson (eds.), The Aesthetics of Matter: Modernism, the Avant-Garde and Material Exchange, De Gruyter, 2013. (English)
  • Beata Hock, Klara Kemp-Welch, Jonathan Owen (eds.), A Reader in East-Central European Modernism, 1918-1956, London: Courtauld Books Online, 2019, 432 pp, PDFs, HTML. Review: Drobe (Craace). (English)
  • Beate Störtkuhl, Rafał Makała (eds.), Nicht nur Bauhaus – Netzwerke der Moderne in Mitteleuropa / Not Just Bauhaus – Networks of Modernity in Central Europe, Oldenbourg: De Gruyter, 2020, 400 pp. Publisher. Review: Secklehner (Art East Central). (German),(English)
Journal issues
  • Art Journal 49(1): "From Leningrad to Ljubljana: The Suppressed Avant-Gardes of East-Central and Eastern Europe during the Early Twentieth Century" (Spring 1990). [15] (English)
  • Centropa 3(1): "Central European Architectural Students at the Bauhaus", New York: Centropa, Jan 2003. [16] (English)
  • Centropa 6(2): "Central European Artists and Paris: 1920s-1930s", ed. Irena Kossowska, New York: Centropa, May 2006. [17] (English)
  • Centropa 11(1): "Central European Art Groups, 1880-1914", ed. Anna Brzyski, New York: Centropa, Jan 2011. [18] (English)
Articles, talks

See also

Avant-garde in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. Further bibliography.

Literature, literary theory, aesthetics

Terms

structuralism (1920s, Prague Linguistic Circle), linguistic functionalism (1920s, Prague Linguistic Circle), proletkult (1920s, international), Poetism (1920s, Teige and Nezval), factography (1920s, LEF), aesthetic object (1930s, Ingarden), phoneme (Jakobson), morphophonology (Trubetzkoy), genetic structuralism (1960s, Goldmann), communicative functions (1960s, Jakobson)

Poets, writers, theorists

Networks

Photography

Terms

photogram, photo-eye, photomontage, photogenism (1922, Funke), heliography (1928, Hiller)

Artists

See also

Photography in Czech Republic, Slovakia.

Light art

Artists

Experimental film

Terms

montage (1920s, Eisenstein), Kino-Pravda (1922, Vertov), Cine-Eye (1920s, Vertov), cinema club, Open Form (1950s-60s, Hansen), antifilm (1962, Pansini)

Filmmakers

Events

GEFF festival (Zagreb, 1963-70), MAFAF festival (Pula, 1965-90), 8 mm (Novi Sad), Alternative Film Festival (Split), April Meetings festival (Belgrade, 1972-77), Alternative Film & Video Festival (Belgrade, *1982), xfilm festival and series of lectures / screenings (Sofia, since 2005), This Is All Film! Experimental Film in Yugoslavia 1951-1991 exhibition (Ljubljana, 2010)

Networks

Literature

  • Łukasz Ronduda, Florian Zeyfang (eds.), 1,2,3 -- avant-gardes : film, art between experiment and archive, Centre for Contemporary Art, Warsaw ; Berlin ; New York : Sternberg, 2007.
  • Ana Janevski (ed.): As Soon as I Open My Eyes I See a Film. Experiment in the Art of Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s, Museum of Modern Art, Warsaw, 2010. With essays by Ana Janevski (on experimental art and film in Yugoslavia), Stevan Vuković (on political upheaval in 1968 in Belgrade), and Łukasz Ronduda (on contacts between Yugoslav and Polish artists in the 1970s). [19] Interview with Ana Janevski, June 2011
  • Bojana Piškur et al (eds.), This Is All Film: Experimental Film in Yugoslavia 1951-1991 [Vse to je film: Eksperimentalni film v Jugoslaviji 1951-1991], catalogue, Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana, 2010. 154 pages. ISBN: 9789612060909

See also

Experimental film in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romania, Estonia, Lithuania. Further bibliography.

Action art, Happening, Performance, Body art

Artists

Tadeusz Kantor (1915-90 Kraków), Alina Szapocznikow (1926-73 Poland/Paris), Geta Brătescu (1926 Bucharest), Włodzimierz Borowski (1930-2008 Warsaw), Jerzy Bereś (1930-2012 Kraków), Ilija Šoškić (1934 Montenegro/Rome), Tomislav Gotovac (1937 Zagreb), Natalia LL (1937 Wrocław), Zbigniew Warpechowski (1938 Kraków), Milan Knížák (1940 Prague), Karel Miler (1940 Prague), György Galántai (1941 Budapest), Jana Želibská (1941 Bratislava), Zorka Ságlová (1942-2003 Prague), Katalin Ladik (1942 Novi Sad/Budapest), Grzegorz Kowalski (1942 Warsaw), Tamás Szentjóby (1944 Budapest), Petr Štembera (1945 Prague), Raša Todosijević (1945 Belgrade), Ion Grigorescu (1945 Bucharest), Zofia Kulik (1947 Warsaw) & Przemyslaw Kwiek (1945 Warsaw), Ewa Partum (1945 Warsaw), Marina Abramović (1946 Novi Sad/Amsterdam/New York), Sándor Pinczehelyi (1946 Pécs/Budapest), Tibor Hajas (1946-80 Budapest), Ľubomír Ďurček (1948 Bratislava), Sanja Iveković (1949 Zagreb), Ján Budaj (1952 Bratislava), Jan Mlčoch (1953 Prague), Jiří Kovanda (1953 Prague), Vladimír Havlík (1959 Olomouc), Łódź Kaliska (1979-, Łódź), Orange Alternative (1983-, Wrocław), Autoperforationsartistik (1980s, Dresden).

Literature

Books
  • Aktuelle Kunst in Osteuropa, ed. Klaus Groh, Cologne: DuMont-Schauberg, 1972, 222 pp. One of first books to cover performance, conceptual, and mail art in Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet Union. Short introduction by the author followed by b&w photographs, artists’ statements, and a bibliography. (German)
  • Gender Check: A Reader. Art and Theory in Eastern Europe, eds. Bojana Pejić, ERSTE Foundation, and Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Vienna, Cologne: Buchhandlung Walther König, 2010, 416 pp. An extensive collection of texts that explicitly analyze visual arts created before and after 1989 in the 'other' Europe in terms of gender and feminist theories. Texts by Anna Alchuk, Branislava Andjelkovic, Edit András, Zdenka Badovinac, Ágnes Berecz, Lyudmila Bredikhina, Branislav Dimitrijevic, Hildtrud Ebert, Ewa Franus, Jana Geržová, Nataša Ilić, Eva Khachatryan, Katrin Kivimaa, Izabela Kowalczyk, Vjollca Krasniqi, Laima Kreivyte, Dejan Kršic, Paweł Leszkowicz, Suzana Milevska, Danica Minic, Olivia Niţiş, Aleksis Osmanis, Martina Pachmanová, Bojana Pejić, Piotr Piotrowski, Zora Rusinová, Angeli Sachs, Lydia Sklevicky, Vera Sokolová, Inga Šteimane, Maria Vassileva, Mirek Vodrážka. TOC. Project website. Publisher. [20]
  • Removed From the Crowd: Unexpected Encounters 1, eds. Ivana Bago and Antonia Majača with Vesna Vuković, Zagreb: BLOK & DeLVe, 2011, 312 pp. Considers comparative, transnational, conceptual and performance art in Latvia, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Chile, Peru, Poland, and Romania. Among other essays, presents Bago and Majača on Yugoslavian experimental art of the 1960s and 1970s; Alina Serban on the Romania performance artist Geta Brătescu; Vesna Vuković on Croatian artists Sanja Iveković and Tomislav Gotovac; Nataša Petrešin-Bachelez on the Slovenian group IRWIN; and Lucian Gomoll and Lissette Olivares on Chilean conceptual and performance. (English)
  • Amy Bryzgel, Performing the East: Performance Art in Russia, Latvia and Poland since 1980, London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2013, 303 pp. Contains three chapters: one on post-Soviet Russian identity focusing on Sergei Bugaev (aka Afrika) and Oleg Kulik; a second on Starix (2000–2004), the fake media star invented by the artist Gints Gabrāns, and The Bronze Man (1987–1992), a homeless man moving from Riga to Bremen and Helsinki, constructed by Miervaldis Polis; and a third chapter on gender performances by the Polish artists Zbigniew Libera and Katarzyna Kozyra. Video talk. Publisher. Reviews: Jeschke (Slovo), Cseh-Varga (Oxford Art J). (English)
  • Adam Czirak (ed.), Aktionskunst jenseits des Eisernen Vorhangs. Künstlerische Kritik in Zeiten politischer Repression, Bielefeld: transcript, 2019, 242 pp. [22] (German)
  • Corinna Kühn, Medialisierte Körper. Performances und Aktionen der Neoavantgarden Ostmitteleuropas in den 1970er Jahren, Vienna: Böhlau, 2020, 324 pp. Publisher. Reviews: Renz (ArtMargins), Drobe (Art East Central). (German)
Catalogues
  • Body and the East: from the 1960s to the Present, ed. Zdenka Badovinac, MIT Press, 1999, 192 pp. Exh. held at Museum of Modern Art, Ljubljana, 7 Jul-27 Sep 1998. Chronicles art, especially that of performance and body artists, in central and eastern Europe, with short artist biographies of 80 artists. Essays by Joseph Backstein, Bojana Pejić, Iara Boubnova, Jurij Krpan, Ileana Pintilie, Kristine Stiles, Branka Stipančić, László Beke, Igor Zabel, a.o. [23] (English)/(Slovenian)
  • Gender Check: Femininity and Masculinity in the Art of Eastern Europe, ed. Bojana Pejić and Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Vienna, Cologne: Walther Koenig, 2009, 392 pp. Texts by Edit András, Keti Chukhrov, Branislav Dimitrijević, Katrin Kivimaa, Izabela Kowalczyk, Suzana Milevska, Martina Pachmanová, Bojana Pejić, Piotr Piotrowski, Zora Rusinová, Hedwig Saxenhuber, Georg Schöllhammer. Project website. Publisher. Exh. held at mumok, Vienna, 13 Nov 2009-14 Feb 2010; Zachęta, 19 Mar-13 Jun 2010. List of works. Review: Krüger (Ostblick). Symposium. [24] (English)
    • Gender Check. Rollenbilder in der Kunst Osteuropas, Vienna: mumok, 2009, 162 pp. TOC. [25] (German)
  • Left Performance Histories: Recollecting Artistic Practices in Eastern Europe, eds. Judit Bodor, Adam Czirak, Astrid Hackel, Beäta Hock, Andrej Mircev, and Angelika Richter, Berlin: neue Gesellschaft für bildene Kunst (nGbK), 2018, 205 pp. Text by Kata Benedek, Judit Bodor, David Crowley, Adam Czirak, Constanze Fritzsch, Astrid Hackel, Beata Hock, Jürgen Hohmuth, Roddy Hunter, Bojana Matejić, Andrej Mirčev, Angelika Richter, Elske Rosenfeld, Heike Roms, Branka Stipančić. TOC, Introduction. Publisher. Project website. Review: Bryzgel (CAA). (German)/(English)
  • Artists & Agents. Performancekunst und Geheimdienste, eds. Kata Krasznahorkai and Sylvia Sasse, Leipzig: Spector, 2019, 686 pp. [27] (German)
Journal issues
  • Centropa 14(1): "Performance Art in Central and Eastern Europe", eds. Amy Bryzgel and Pavlína Morganová, Jan 2014. [30] (English)
Book chapters, essays
  • Kathleen Reinhardt, "Persons and Objects Are to Be Removed from the Balcony: Artists Performing in Public and Private Spaces of Control during the Cold War", in Multiple Realities: Experimental Art in the Eastern Bloc, 1960s–1980s, ed. Pavel S. Pyś, Minneapolis, MN: Walker Art Center, 2023. Exhibition. (English)
  • Sven Spieker, "Taking It to the Street: Eastern European Art Demonstrations (Milan Knížák, Jiří Kovanda, Endre Tót, Mladen Miljanović, Ciprian Homorodean)", in Spieker, Art and Demonstration: A Revolutionary Recasting of Knowledge, MIT Press, Feb 2024. [35] (English)
Interviews

Conceptual art

Artists

Dalibor Chatrný (1925-2012 Brno), Miklós Erdély (1928-86 Budapest), Włodzimierz Borowski (1930-2008 Warsaw), Vladan Radovanović (1932 Belgrade), Alex Mlynárčik (1934 Bratislava/Prague/Paris), Gábor Attalai (1934 Budapest), László Lakner (1936 Budapest/Berlin), Marek Konieczny (1936 Warsaw), Dóra Maurer (1937 Budapest), Endre Tót (1937 Budapest/Cologne), Stano Filko (1937-2015 Bratislava), Peter Bartoš (1938 Bratislava), Július Koller (1939 Bratislava), György Jovánovics (1939 Budapest), Milan Knížák (1940 Prague), Gyula Pauer (1941 Budapest), Krzysztof Wodiczko (1943 Warsaw/New York/Boston), Tamás Szentjóby (1944 Budapest), Jarosław Kozłowski (1945 Poznań), Jiří Valoch (1946 Brno), J.H. Kocman (1947 Brno), Braco Dimitrijević (1948 Sarajevo/Zagreb/Paris), Goran Trbuljak (1948 Zagreb), Goran Đorđević (1950 Belgrade/New York).

Groups
  • Gorgona (1959-66, Zagreb: Braco Dimitrijević, Josip Vaništa, Dimitrije Bašičević/Mangelos..)
  • Red Peristyle [Crveni Peristil] (1966-68, Split: Pavao Dulčić, Tomo Čaleta, Vladimir Dodig-Trokut, Slaven Sumić, Nenad Đapić, Radovan Kogej, Srđan Blažević, Denis Dokić)
  • OHO Group (1966-71 Ljubljana: Marko Pogačnik, David Nez, Milenko Matanović, Andraž Šalamun)
  • KÔD Group (1960s-70s Novi Sad: Mirko Radojčić, Slobodan Tišma, Miroslav Mandić, Slavko Bogdanović, Peđa Vranešević)
  • E Group (Novi Sad: Ana Raković, Čedomir Drča, Vladimir Kopicl, Miša Živanović)
  • Bosch+Bosch (1969-76 Subotica: Slavko Matković, Edit Basch, István Krekovics, Zoltán Magyar, László Szalma, Bálint Szombathy, Slobodan Tomanović, et al.)
  • Group 143 (1975-80 Belgrade: Miško Šuvaković, Jovan Čekić, Paja Stanković, Neša Paripović, Maja Savić)
  • ZzIP Group (1983-89 int'l: Marko Pogačnik, Mirko Radojčić, Miško Šuvaković, Dubravka Djurić, Zoran Belić Weiss, Nenad Petrović)

Resources

  • Forgotten Heritage, 8,000 works of selected artists of the Polish, Croatian, Estonian, Belgian and French postwar avant-gardes. Launched 2018.

Literature

  • Klaus Groh (ed.), Aktuelle Kunst in Osteuropa, Cologne: DuMont-Schauberg, 1972, 222 pp. One of first books to cover performance, conceptual, and mail art in Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet Union. Short introduction by the author followed by b&w photographs, artists’ statements, and a bibliography. Archive. (German)
  • Tony Godfrey, Conceptual Art, London: Phaidon, 1998, pp 264-275, IA. (English)
  • László Beke, "Conceptualist Tendencies in Eastern European Art", in Global Conceptualism: Points of Origin 1950-1980s, eds. Jane Ferver, Luis Camnitzer and Rachel Weiss, New York: Queens Museum of Art, 1999, pp 41-51. TOC. Exh. held at Queens Museum, New York, 28 Apr-29 Aug 1999; the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN, 19 Dec 1999–5 Mar 2000; Hayden Hall MIT, 24 Oct-31 Dec 2000. Exh. review: Meyer (Artforum), Johnson (NYT). (English)
  • in Conceptual Art, ed. Peter Osborne, London: Phaidon, 2002. (English)
  • Miško Šuvaković, "Konceptualna umjetnost", in Šuvaković, Pojmovnik suvremene umjetnosti, Zagreb: Horetzky, 2005. (Croatian)
  • Piotr Piotrowski, "The Critique of Painting: Towards the Neo-avant-garde", "Mapping the Neo-avant-garde, c. 1970", "Conceptual Art between Theory of Art and Critique of the System", chs. 6, 7 & 8 in Piotrowski, In the Shadow of Yalta: Art and the Avant-garde in Eastern Europe, 1945-1989, trans. Anna Brzyski, London: Reaktion Books, 2009, pp 178-237, n454-458, 241-314, n458-466, 315-340, n467-469. (English)
  • Zdenka Badovinac, Eda Čufer, Cristina Freire, Boris Groys, Charles Harrison, Vít Havránek, Piotr Piotrowski, Branka Stipančić, "Conceptual Art and Eastern Europe: Part I", e-flux 40, Dec 2012; Part 2, e-flux 41, Jan 2013. Based on a conference organised by Zdenka Badovinac in Ljubljana, 2007. (English)
  • My Sweet Little Lamb (Everything We See Could Also Be Otherwise), eds. What, How & for Whom/WHW and Kathrin Rhomberg, Zagreb: What, How & for Whom/WHW, 2017, 167 pp; new ed., exp., eds. Emily Pethick, Kathrin Rhomberg, What, How & for Whom/WHW, and Jill Winder, Berlin: Sternberg Press, and Vienna: Kontakt Collection, Mar 2023, 456 pp. Based on a series of exhibition episodes based on the Kontakt Collection and dedicated to the artist Mladen Stilinović, held in Zagreb, 4 Nov 2016–8 May 2017, and The Show Room, London, Jun 2017. Texts in exp. ed. by Branislav Dimitrijević, Miguel A. López, Oxana Timofeeva, Marina Vishmidt. Publisher. (English)

See also

Conceptual art

Geometric abstraction, Neo-constructivism, Op art, Kinetic art

Terms

visual kinetics (plastique cinétique, 1950s, Vasarely)

Artists

Literature

See also

Slovakia, Hungary, Romania. Further bibliography.

Audiovisual compositions

People

See also

Audiovisual compositions in Czech Republic, Slovakia. Further bibliography.

Fluxus, Intermedia

Literature

  • Fluxus East: Fluxus-Netzwerke in Mittelosteuropa / Fluxus East: Fluxus Networks in Central Eastern Europe, ed. Petra Stegmann, Berlin: Kuenstlerhaus Bethanien, 2007, 288 pp. Exh. catalogue; exh. held at Künstlerhaus Bethanien, Berlin, 4 Sep-4 Nov 2007. Contains artists' biographies, an extensive illustrated chronology divided in sections, including an “Overall Survey of Fluxus Events in Central Eastern Europe (1962–1989), “Fluxus Concerts,” “Individual Exhibitions and Performances,” “Exhibitions and Festivals,” “Mieko Shiomi’s ‘Spatial Poems,’” “Nine Global Events,” and “Fluxus East and West,” and essays by Eric Andersen, Andrea Bátorová, Milan Knížák, Pavlína Morganová, Luiza Nader, Maria Anna Potocka, Tamás St. Auby, Petra Stegmann, and Emmett Williams. [42] [43] (German)/(English)
  • "The Lunatics are on the Loose...": European Fluxus Festivals, 1962-1977, ed. Petra Stegmann, Potsdam: Down With Art!, 2012, 591 pp. Exh. catalogue. Extensive documentation of 32 selected European Fluxus events in Aachen, Aberystwyth, Amsterdam, Berlin, Budapest, Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, London, Madrid, Nizza, Oslo, Paris, Prague, Poznan, Rotterdam, Scheveningen, Stockholm, Vilnius, Wiesbaden, Wuppertal. [44] [45] (English)
  • The Freedom of Sound: John Cage Behind the Iron Curtain, ed. Katalin Székely, Budapest: Ludwig Múzeum - Kortárs Művészeti Múzeum, 2013. Exh. catalogue. Publisher. Exhibition. Exh. brochure. (English)
  • Petra Stegmann, "Fluxus and the East", Centropa 14:1, Jan 2014. (English)

Cybernetics

See Computing and cybernetics in CEE.

Electroacoustic music

Trivia

  • Lev Termen, the patriarch of musical electronics, a talented physicist, created Aetherophone (later called the Theremin or Thereminovox) in 1920 - unsurpassed till now in the family of performing electronic instruments (owing to its keen sound control options).
  • Other early instruments include Sonchromatoskop by Sándor László (1920), Sonar by N.Anan'yev (c1930), Ekvodin by V.A.Gurov (1931), Emiriton by A.Ivanov and A.Rimsky-Korsakov (1932). While in the United States, Termen also created Theremin Cello (electric Cello with no strings and no bow, using a plastic fingerboard, a handle for volume and two knobs for sound shaping, c1930), Theremin keyboard (a piano-like device, c1930), Rhythmicon (world's first drum machine, 1931), and Terpsitone (platform that converts dance movements into tones, 1932). In the 1930s, professor E.A.Sholpo established a laboratory for sound synthesis where he developed his Variophone (1932), a precursor of the synthesizers. A.A.Volodin, a scientist in the field of electronic sound synthesis, designed a whole series of new instruments.
  • In Moscow, Eugene Murzin constructed one of the world's first synthesizers in 1955. He named his invention, ANS synthesizer, in honor of Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin, as the ANS worked on the principle of the transformation of light waves into electronic soundings. The compositions created on the ANS in the Moscow Studio of Electronic Music since 1958 played the major role in the development of electronic music in USSR. In the 1960s, the ANS was the only synthesizer in the Union, and became the training ground of a great number of young composers, including one of the most dedicated experimenters in the field of electronic music, Edward Artemyev. Artemyev's compositions are characterized by a constant search for new sounds and by a desire to obtain maximum timbre modification from minimal sound material. In the music for A. Tarkovsky's film Solaris (1972), Artemyev discovered an entire realm of unusual (for that time) sound effects; he founded a new trend in electronic music that musicologists have named 'space music'. (In 1972 the studio acquired the module synthesizer "SYNTHI-100" of English company "Taylor".)
  • Warsaw Autumn Festival initiated by Baird and Serocki presented since 1956 works by Berg, Schönberg, and Bartók; Stockhausen and Schaeffer visited. Polish Radio Experimental studio was founded by Patkowski in 1957.
  • In Czechoslovakia, the first representative Seminar on Electronic Music, organized on the initiative of several Czech and Slovak composers, musicologists and sound technicians, was held at the Research Institute of Radio and Television in Pilsen in 1964. It appeared a miracle to many people interested in this kind of musical creativity. The seminar dealt seriously and manifestly with questions of electronic music, for the first time in Czechoslovak cultural context. The representative survey on electronic music written by Czech musicologist Vladimir Lebl and published in 1966 was the fundamental theoretical work, followed by his translation of the book "La Musique concrète" by Pierre Schaeffer. Several compositions by the classicists of concrete, tape and electronic music appeared in radio broadcasts in 1965 and the first LP with electronic music pieces by both inland and foreign composers was published as soon as in 1966. Followed by foundation of experimental music studios in Bratislava (1965) and Pilsen (1967).
  • During 1950s-70s the number of composers visited New Music courses in Darmstadt (Kotonski, Piňos, Jeney, Sáry), studied and worked with studios WDR Cologne (Kotonski, Eötvös, Dubrovay), GRM Paris (Kotonski, Kabeláč, Piňos, Vidovszky), Munich (Piňos), STEM Utrecht (Kabeláč), or IRCAM Paris (Eötvös).
  • Gorizont became known as some sort of Russian version of Kraftwerk, releasing an LP by the "Soviet State" record label Melodia.

Terms

musique concrète (1949, Schaeffer, Paris), elektronische Musik (1950, Eimert and Meyer-Eppler, Cologne), New Music, synthesizer (ANS synthesizer, 1955, Moscow; RCA Music synthesizer, 1955), white noise, vocoder, atonal music, serialism

Studios

Polish Radio Experimental Studio Warsaw (1957, Patkowski), Experimental studio of electronic music Moscow (1958, Murzin), Experimentalstudio für künstliche Klang- und Geräuscherzeugung East Berlin (1953 or 1962?), Experimental Studio of Slovak Radio Bratislava (1965, Kolman), Experimental Studio of Czech Radio Pilsen (1967-94), New Music Studio Budapest (1970), Electronic Studio of Radio Belgrade (1972, Radovanović), Electro-acoustic Music Studio at Academy of Music Krakow (1973, Patkowski), Electronic music studio Sofia (1974), Electroacoustic Music Studio of the Hungarian Radio Budapest (1975, Decsényi), Studio for Electronic Music Dresden (1984, Wissmann), Audiostudio of Czechoslovak Radio Prague (1990-94), Theremin Center Moscow (1992, Smirnov), Electronic Music Studio at the Estonian Academy of Music Tallinn (1995, Sumera) more

Composers, artists, musicologists

Events

Resources

Literature

See also

Electroacoustic music in East Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Further bibliography. See also Audiovisual tools and instruments, Electronic art music, The International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music and [48].

Multimedia environments

Artists and works

Literature

See also

Multimedia environments in Czech Republic, Hungary. Further bibliography.

Computer art, Dynamic objects, Cybernetic sculpture

Terms

new materials, information aesthetics (1960s, Bense and Moles)

Artists

Events, Networks

Works

Literature

See also

Computer art in Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria. Further bibliography.

Video

Terms

new art practices (1970s)

Artists

Events

April Meetings festival (Belgrade, 1972-77), Video CD biennial (Ljubljana, 1983-89), WRO Biennale (Wroclaw, since 1989), Sub Voce exhibition (Budapest, 1991), French-Baltic-Nordic Video and New Media Festival (Riga/Vilnius/Tallinn, *1992), Ex Oriente Lux exhibition (Bucharest, 1993), Videomedeja festival (Novi Sad, *1996), New Video, New Europe exhibition (Chicago, 2004), E.U. Positive exhibition (Berlin, 2004), Instant Europe (Udine, 2005)

Networks

Archives

Literature

See also

Video in Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia (2), Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Lithuania. Further bibliography.

New media art, Media culture

Terms

mailing list, discussion forum, media lab (1990s-2000s), net art (1990s), streaming, tactical media, hacker culture, audiovisual performance, digital signal processing (DSP), Pure Data, Max/MSP, vvvvv, SuperCollider, online social network

Artists, writers

Events

The Media Are With Us conference (Budapest, 1990), Ostranenie (Dessau, 1993/95/97/99), Orbis Fictus exhibition (Prague, 1994), Hi-tech/Art exhibition and symposium series (Brno, 1994-97), MetaForum conferences (Budapest, 1994-96), Butterfly Effect (Budapest, 1996), Dawn of the Magicians? (Prague, 1996-97), LEAF conference (Liverpool, 1997), Beauty and the East Nettime conference (Ljubljana, 1997), Communication Front (Plovdiv, 1999-2001), Media Forum (Moscow, *2000), Enter Multimediale festival (Prague, 2000/05/07/09), Multiplace festival (Bratislava/Prague/Brno/international, *2002), FM@dia (Prague, 2004), Trans european Picnic (Novi Sad, 2004), Remake exhibition (Brno/Bratislava/Cluj, 2012).

Networks

Literature

Ostranenie catalogues
  • Ostranenie: 1. Internationales Videofestival am Bauhaus Dessau, 4.-7.11.1993: erschütterte Mythe, neue Realitäten: Osteuropa im Focus der Videokamera / 1. Meždunarodnyj videofestival v Bauchaus Dessau: poshatnuvshiesya myfy, novaya deystvitelnost: vostochnaya Evropa v fokuse videokamery / 1. International Video Festival at the Bauhaus Dessau: Shattered Myths, New Realities: Video Focus on Eastern Europe, eds. Inke Arns and Elisabeth Tharandt, Dessau: Bauhaus Dessau Foundation, 1993, 499 pp. Selected texts: Erjavec, Arns, Sei, Kovats, Kuhn, Milev, Sobetzko, Czegledy, Performances, more. [50] [51] (German),(Russian),(English)
  • OSTranenie '95: das internationale Video-Forum an der Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau / The International Video Forum at the Bauhaus Dessau Foundation: Video, Installation, Performance, Workshop: 8.-12. November, eds. Mirja Rosenau, Stephen Kovats, Thomas Munz, and Tina Rehn, Dessau: Bauhaus Dessau Foundation, 1995, 403+14 pp. [52] [53] (German)/(English)
  • Ostranenie '97: Dessau 5.-9. Dezember 1997: das internationale Forum elektronischer Medien / the International Electronic Media Forum, eds. Mirja Rosenau and Stephen Kovats, Dessau: Bauhaus Dessau Foundation, 1997, 553 pp. [54] [55] (German)/(English)
  • Ost-West Internet: elektronische Medien im Transformationsprozess Ost- und Mitteleuropas / Media Revolution: Electronic Media in the Transformation Process of Eastern and Central Europe, ed. Stephen Kovats, Frankfurt am Main/New York: Campus (Edition Bauhaus 6), 1999, 381 pp. ISBN 9783593363653. TOC, TOC. Review: Broeckmann (Leonardo). [56] [57] [58] (German)/(English)
  • Ostranenie 93 95 97, ed. Stephen Kovats, Dessau: Bauhaus Dessau Foundation, 1999. CD-ROM, Mac & PC. ISBN 3910022308. Documents the works and impressions of over 400 artists, critics, academics and journalists from 32 countries who participated in the Ostranenie events from 1993 to 1997. Produced by the Studio Electronic Media Interpretation of the Bauhaus Dessau Foundation in cooperation with C3 - Soros Foundation Budapest. [59] [60]
Nettime/ZK/NK Proceedings, [61]
  • ZKP3.2.1, ed. Vuk Cosic, Ljubljana: Ljudmila, Nov 1996. [71] (English)
Syndicate Publication Series
other

See also

Media labs, Media art festivals, Media art conferences

Media theory

Theorists

Vilém Flusser (Prague/Germany/Brazil)

Events

The Media Are With Us (Budapest, 1990), Prague Media Symposium (Prague, 1991-98), MetaForum (Budapest, 1994-96), Mutamorphosis (Prague, 2007)

Art history, theory, and criticism

Scholars

Networks

Third Text (*1987, int), Springerin magazine (*1995, Vienna), IDEA Arts+Society magazine (*1999, Cluj), ARTMargins (*1999, int), EIPCP (and Transversal journal, *2000, Vienna), Prelom magazine (*2001, Belgrade), Tranzit (*2002, Vienna, Prague, Bratislava, Budapest, Bucharest), Chto delat (*2003, Moscow, St Petersburg), Artyčok (*2005, Prague), Translit journal (*2005, St Petersburg), Former West (*2008, int).

Local histories

Countries
avant-garde, modernism, experimental art, media culture, social practice

Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Central and Eastern Europe, Chile, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kosova, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Slovenia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States

See also

Colophon

The first phase of this research (2009-11) was supported by cOL-mE, International Visegrad Fund, and ERSTE Foundation.

Contributors include Dušan Barok, Guy van Belle, Nina Czegledy, Lenka Dolanová, Eva Krátká, Magdaléna Kobzová, Barbora Šedivá, Joanna Walewska, Darko Fritz, Miro A. Cimerman, Matko Meštrović, Paul Stubbs, Rarita Szakats, Călin Man, Raluca Velisar, Miklós Peternák, János Sugár, Pit Schultz, Diana McCarty, Barbara Huber, Maxigas, Miloš Vojtěchovský, Grzegorz Klaman, František Zachoval, Sølve N.T. Lauvås, and many others.