Difference between revisions of "Lajos Kassák"

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|image = Lajos_Kassak_in_Vienna_ca_1922.jpg
 
|image = Lajos_Kassak_in_Vienna_ca_1922.jpg
 
|imagesize = 250px
 
|imagesize = 250px
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|caption = In Vienna, c. 1922.
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|caption = Kassák in Vienna, c1922.
 
|birth_date = {{birth date|1887|3|21|mf=y}}
 
|birth_date = {{birth date|1887|3|21|mf=y}}
−
|birth_place = [[Nové Zámky]], Austria-Hungary
+
|birth_place = Érsekújvár, Austria-Hungary (now Nové Zámky, Slovakia)
 
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1967|7|22|1887|3|21|mf=y}}
 
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1967|7|22|1887|3|21|mf=y}}
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|death_place = [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]
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|death_place = Budapest, [[Hungary]]
 +
|web = [[Wikipedia::http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos_Kassák|Wikipedia]]
 +
|collections = [[MoMA::{{MoMA|3010}}|MoMA]]
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:Lajos_Kassak_in_Budapest_1927-28.jpg|thumb|258px|In Budapest, c. 1927-28.]]
+
<onlyinclude>[[Lajos Kassák]] (1887–1967) was a Hungarian poet, novelist, painter, essayist, editor, and theoretician of the avant-garde.</onlyinclude>
−
[[Image:Lajos_Kassak_1930.jpg|thumb|258px|Photo by Lajos Lengyel, 1930.]]
 
−
[[Image:Lajos_Kassak_in_Budapest_1964.jpg|thumb|258px|In Budapest, 1964.]]
 
−
<onlyinclude>[[Lajos Kassák]], main figure of the Hungarian Avante-Garde movement as a poet, writer, editor, periodical founder, movement coordinator and ideologist. Not very active after World War II but still extremely influential.</onlyinclude>
 
  
−
Born 1887 in [[Nové Zámky]]. Finished an apprenticeship as a locksmith and worked in various types of metal-related job between 1899 and 1908. In 1909, he finished his first autodidactic drawings and established contacts in Paris with Appolinaire, Delaunay, Picasso, Modigliani, etc. In 1912 he began writing poems and plays, and became acquainted with [[Filippo Marinetti|Marinetti]]. In 1915 he became editor of ''[[A Tett]]'' [The Action] and ''[[MA]]'', founded the Activist group. Immigrated to Vienna in 1920. Developed the theory of image architecture. Published a portfolio of linocuts along with a manifesto in both German and Hungarian. In 1922, he and Moholy-Nagy published the ''Book of New Artists''. Shows in 1922 and 1924 at the Galerie der Sturm, Berlin, and in 1924 at the [[Galerie Würthle]], Vienna. Editor of ''[[Dokumentum]]'' magazine. He, [[Kurt Schwitters|Schwitters]], and [[Jan Tschichold|Tschichold]] founded the [[Neuer Werbegestalter]] [New Advertising Designers]. Editor of ''[[Munka]]'' [Work] magazine between 1928 and 1938. Organized a group of young intellectuals and workers under the same name. Until the end of the 1940s, he published various writings on art, literature, and society. Starting in 1956, he published several volumes of poetry, collages, pictures, and made films. Died in 1967 in Budapest.
+
{{TOC limit|3}}
 +
 
 +
==Chronology==
 +
''Based on the panel at permanent exhibition in the Kassák Museum, Budapest; there compiled from biographical text by Ferenc Csaplár.''
 +
 
 +
<div class="dpl" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:.95em">
 +
* 1887: Born in Érsekújvár, Austria-Hungary.
 +
* 1900: Leaves school for apprenticeship as locksmith.
 +
* 1904: Moves to Budapest and starts working in factories in Angyalföld and Újpest. Participates in trades union political campaigns and joins Hungarian Social Democratic Party.
 +
* 1908: First poem published in the weekly ''Újpest''.
 +
* 1909: Sets out for Western Europe on foot, with no money. Discovers art in the museums. Returns to Budapest in December.
 +
* 1915: Founds anti-militarist periodical ''[[A Tett]]'' [The Action].
 +
* 1916: The international issue of ''[[A Tett]]'' appears with contributions from writers and artists from countries at war with the monarchy, and the periodical is banned. Launches a new periodical ''[[MA]]'' [Today].
 +
* 1919: During Hungarian Soviet Republic enters into dispute with Commissar Bela Kun over avant-garde art and the independence of art from politics. ''[[MA]]'' subsequently prevented from appearing. After the failure of the Soviet Republic spends five months in prison.
 +
* 1920: After his release, leaves the country for exile in Vienna. Relaunches ''[[MA]]'', formulates the theoretical basis of Hungarian constructivism and develops wide contacts with European avant-garde movements.
 +
* 1926: Returns to Hungary and starts up new journal, ''[[Dokumentum]]'' [Document] which lasts for one year.
 +
* 1928: Launches a new, independent, left-wing journal ''[[Munka]]'' [Work] and associated movement.
 +
* 1928-34: Leader of a socially-aware educational society of students and workers, grouped around ''[[Munka]]''. Writes regularly for the newspapers ''Népszava'' [People's Voice] and ''Szocializmus'' [Socialism], protesting against Stalinist tyranny and extreme right-wing movements.
 +
* 1939: Exhibits in the Galerie Charpentier, Paris. A new law restricting press freedom closes down ''[[Munka]]''.
 +
* 1940-45: Publishes several novels, books of reports and books of verse. In 1940, an anti-war poem causes him to be imprisoned for two months under a 1937 court judgement.
 +
* 1945: After the war takes on several positions in cultural affairs in the new political climate. Edits the relaunched ''Új Idők'' [New Times] and then the ''Alkotás'' [Art] and ''Kortárs'' [The Contemporary].
 +
* 1948: His journals are closed down, he is excluded from public affairs, and his poems and articles cannot be published.
 +
* 1956: Stands up for the Revolution, returns to artistic affairs.
 +
* 1957: Public involvement limited, but his old writing begins to be republished.
 +
* 1960: Exhibition of his work in the Galerie Denise René in Paris, resumption of his international career. Still ignored as an artist in Hungary.
 +
* 1965: Awarded Kossuth Prize for his poetry.
 +
* 1967: Holds the last exhibition in his life in the Adolf Fényes Room in Budapest, at his own expense.
 +
</div>
  
 
==Works==
 
==Works==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
−
File:Lajos_Kassak_ET_1921.jpg|''ET'', 1921, gouache, paper.
+
File:Lajos_Kassak_ET_1921.jpg|''ET'', 1921. Gouache, paper.
−
File:Lajos_Kassak_Volkstuemliche_Motive_ca_1921.jpg|''Volkstümliche Motive'', gouache, paper, c. 1921.
+
File:Lajos_Kassak_Volkstuemliche_Motive_ca_1921.jpg|''Volkstümliche Motive'', c1921. Gouache on paper.
−
File:Lajos_Kassak_Laszlo_Moholy-Nagy_Buch_Neuer_Kuenstler_1922.jpg|With [[László Moholy-Nagy]], ''Buch Neuer Künstler'', Vienna, 1922.
+
File:Lajos_Kassak_Laszlo_Moholy-Nagy_Buch_Neuer_Kuenstler_1922.jpg|Cover of ''Buch Neuer Künstler'', Vienna, 1922.
−
File:Kassak_Lajos_Picture Architecture.jpg|''Képarchitektúra'' [Picture architecture], watercolor.
+
File:Kassak_Lajos_1922_Picture Architecture.jpg|''Képarchitektúra'' [Picture Architecture], 1922. Gouache on paper. 26 x 20 cm. [http://www.kieselbach.hu/alkotas/keparchitektura_-1922_11915]
−
File:Kassak_Lajos_Bildarchitektur.jpg|''Bildarchitektur'', silkscreen on thin cardboard.
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File:Kassak_Lajos_Bildarchitektur.jpg|''Bildarchitektur''. Silkscreen on thin cardboard.
−
File:Lajos_Kassak_Bildarchitektur_Entwurf_fuer_einen_Kiosk_1922.jpg|''Bildarchitektur (Entwurf für einen Kiosk)'', 1922, gouache, cardboard
+
Kassak_Lajos_1922_Bildarchitektur_II.jpg|''Bildarchitektur II (Entwurf eines Kiosks)'', 1922. Gouache, cardboard.
−
File:Lajos_Kassak_Bildarchitektur Kiosk 1923.jpg|''Bildarchitektur'' [Kiosk], 1923, gouache, ink, paper.
+
File:Lajos_Kassak_Bildarchitektur Kiosk 1923.jpg|''Bildarchitektur'' [Kiosk], 1923. Gouache, ink, paper.
 
File:Lajos_Kassak_Titelblatt_der_Zeitschrift_MA_1924.jpg|''MA'' journal, cover, 1924.
 
File:Lajos_Kassak_Titelblatt_der_Zeitschrift_MA_1924.jpg|''MA'' journal, cover, 1924.
 
File:Lajos_Kassak_To_Kino_1928.jpg|''Tó Mozi'' [Tó Kino], 1928.
 
File:Lajos_Kassak_To_Kino_1928.jpg|''Tó Mozi'' [Tó Kino], 1928.
−
File:Lajos_Kassak_Buehnenbild Munka.jpg|''Bühnenbild Munka''
+
File:Lajos_Kassak_Buehnenbild Munka.jpg|''Bühnenbild Munka''.
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 +
 +
==Portraits==
 +
<gallery>
 +
Lajos_Kassak_in_Budapest_1927-28.jpg|in Budapest, c1927-28.
 +
Lajos_Kassak_1930.jpg|Photo by Lajos Lengyel, 1930.
 +
Lajos_Kassak_in_Budapest_1964.jpg|in Budapest, 1964.
 +
</gallery>
 +
 +
==Publications==
 +
; Magazines
 +
* editor, ''[[A Tett]]'', 17 numbers, 1915-16.
 +
* editor, ''[[MA]]'', 76 numbers, Budapest (1916-19) and Vienna (1919-25), 1916-25.
 +
* editor, ''[[Akasztott Ember]]'', 5 numbers, Vienna, 1922-23.
 +
* editor, ''[[Dokumentum]]'', 5 numbers, Budapest, 1926-27.
 +
* editor, ''[[Munka]]'', 65 numbers, Budapest, 1928-39.
 +
 +
; Books
 +
* ''[http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dada/id/30979/rec/106 Novellaskonyv: Válogatott novellák 1911-1919]'', Vienna: Bán-Verlag, 1921, 123 pp. {{hu}}
 +
* editor, with Lászlo Moholy-Nagy, ''Buch neuer Künstler'', Vienna and Budapest: Aktivista Foliorat, 1922.  An anthology of modern art and poetry. [http://www.lars-mueller-publishers.com/de/catalogue-art/buch-neuer-kunstler] {{de}}
 +
** ''Új művészek könyve'', Bécs, 1922; repr., Budapest: Európa-Corvina, 1977, 104 pp. [http://labor.c3.hu/1977/01/uj-muveszek-konyve/] {{hu}}
 +
* ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_52/ MA Buch. Gedichte]'', trans. & intro. Andreas Gáspár, Berlin: Der Sturm, 1923; facs., Budapest: Kassák Múzeum, 1999. {{de}}
 +
* ''Kôň zomrie, vtáky sa rozletia'', trans. Vojtěch Kondrót, Bratislava: Slovenský spisovateľ, 1971. Poems. {{sk}}
 +
* [http://www.avantgarde-museum.com/en/museum/collection/4445-KASSAK-LAJOS/#works more]
 +
 +
==Catalogues==
 +
* ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_29/ Kassák]'', eds. Ferenc Csaplár, Mariann Gergely, Péter György, and Gábor Pataki, Budapest: Magyar Nemzeti Galéria & Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeum, 1987. {{hu}}
 +
* Szász János, Kovács Tamás, ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_vegyes/ Lappangó elem]'', Budapest: Kassák Museum, 1991. {{hu}}
 +
* ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_37/ Kassák Lajos: Érsekújvár]'', ed. Ferenc Csaplár, Budapest: Kassák Múzeum, 1992. {{hu}}
 +
* ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_60/ Kassák Lajos: Reklám és modern tipográfia]'', ed. Ferenc Csaplár, Budapest: Kassák Múzeum, 1999. {{hu}}
 +
** ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_61/ Lajos Kassák: Reklame und moderne Typografie]'', ed. Ferenc Csaplár, Budapest: Kassák Museum, 1999. {{de}}
 +
** ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_65/ Lajos Kassák: The Advertisement and Modern Typography]'', ed. Csaplár Ferenc, Budapest: Kassák Múzeum, 1999. {{en}}
 +
* ''Lajos Kassák. Botschafter der Avantgarde 1915-1927'', Budapest: Literaturmuseum Petőfi & Kassák Museum, 2011, 101 pp. [http://www.berlinischegalerie.de/en/exhibitions/archives/2011/lajos-kassak/] {{de}}
 +
 +
==Literature==
 +
* Endre Gáspár, ''Kassák Lajos - az ember és munkája'', Bécs, 1924. {{hu}}
 +
* Tomáš Štrauss, ''Kassák. Ein ungarischer Beitrag zum Konstruktivizmus'', Cologne, 1975. {{de}}
 +
* Emőke G. Komoróczy, ''[http://mek.oszk.hu/01300/01372/01372.pdf Kassák és a magyar avantgárd mozgalom]'', 1995, 137 pp. {{hu}}
 +
* Marian Mazzone, [http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00010/00038/pdf/HSR_2004_1-2_015-046.pdf "Dadaist Text / Constructivist Image: Kassák's ''Képarchitektúra''"], ''Hungarian Studies Review'' 31:1-2 (2004). {{en}}
 +
* Zoltán Péter, ''Lajos Kassák, Wien und der Konstruktivismus 1920-1926'', Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2010, 316 pp. [http://books.google.com/books?id=p2gNS61SrhwC&printsec=frontcover]. Review: [http://www.kakanien-revisited.at/rez/PDereky1.pdf Deréky] (Kakanien 2010). {{de}}
 +
* ''[http://library.hungaricana.hu/en/view/ORSZ_PIMU_KasMuz_01/ ...fejünkből töröljük ki a regulákat" Kassák Lajos az író, képzőművész, szerkesztő és közszereplő]'', ed. Andrási Gábor, Budapest: Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeum & Kassák Alapítvány, 2010. {{hu}}
  
 
==See also==  
 
==See also==  
 
* [[Hungary#Avant_garde]]
 
* [[Hungary#Avant_garde]]
−
* [[Media_art_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe#Constructivists.2C_Futurists|Media art in Central and Eastern Europe#Constructivists, Futurists]]
+
* [[Central_and_Eastern_Europe#Constructivists.2C_Futurists|Central and Eastern Europe#Constructivists, Futurists]]
  
−
==External links==
+
==Links==
−
* http://www.artportal.hu/international/english/kassak_lajos
+
* [http://www.kassakmuzeum.hu The Kassák Museum and the Kassák Foundation], Budapest.
−
* http://www.avantgarde-museum.com/kolekcija/ht/autor.php?lang=en&autor=111
+
* [http://www.kassakmuzeum.hu/en/index.php?p=lajos_kassak Biography on the website of the Kassák Museum].
 
* http://musessquare.blogspot.com/2011/03/kassak-lajos.html
 
* http://musessquare.blogspot.com/2011/03/kassak-lajos.html
 
* http://www.hunlit.hu/kassaklajos,en
 
* http://www.hunlit.hu/kassaklajos,en
 
* http://www.artpool.hu/Kassak/Kassak_quotationshu.html
 
* http://www.artpool.hu/Kassak/Kassak_quotationshu.html
 
* http://www.artpool.hu/Poetry/soundimage/Kassak.html
 
* http://www.artpool.hu/Poetry/soundimage/Kassak.html
 +
* http://www.artnet.com/artists/lajos-kassák/past-auction-results
  
−
[[Category:Constructivism|Kassak, Lajos]]
+
[[Category:Constructivism]]  {{DEFAULTSORT:Kassak, Lajos}}

Revision as of 15:24, 25 September 2017


Kassák in Vienna, c1922.
Born March 21, 1887(1887-03-21)
Érsekújvár, Austria-Hungary (now Nové Zámky, Slovakia)
Died July 22, 1967(1967-07-22) (aged 80)
Budapest, Hungary
Web Wikipedia
Collections MoMA

Lajos Kassák (1887–1967) was a Hungarian poet, novelist, painter, essayist, editor, and theoretician of the avant-garde.

Chronology

Based on the panel at permanent exhibition in the Kassák Museum, Budapest; there compiled from biographical text by Ferenc Csaplár.

  • 1887: Born in Érsekújvár, Austria-Hungary.
  • 1900: Leaves school for apprenticeship as locksmith.
  • 1904: Moves to Budapest and starts working in factories in Angyalföld and Újpest. Participates in trades union political campaigns and joins Hungarian Social Democratic Party.
  • 1908: First poem published in the weekly Újpest.
  • 1909: Sets out for Western Europe on foot, with no money. Discovers art in the museums. Returns to Budapest in December.
  • 1915: Founds anti-militarist periodical A Tett [The Action].
  • 1916: The international issue of A Tett appears with contributions from writers and artists from countries at war with the monarchy, and the periodical is banned. Launches a new periodical MA [Today].
  • 1919: During Hungarian Soviet Republic enters into dispute with Commissar Bela Kun over avant-garde art and the independence of art from politics. MA subsequently prevented from appearing. After the failure of the Soviet Republic spends five months in prison.
  • 1920: After his release, leaves the country for exile in Vienna. Relaunches MA, formulates the theoretical basis of Hungarian constructivism and develops wide contacts with European avant-garde movements.
  • 1926: Returns to Hungary and starts up new journal, Dokumentum [Document] which lasts for one year.
  • 1928: Launches a new, independent, left-wing journal Munka [Work] and associated movement.
  • 1928-34: Leader of a socially-aware educational society of students and workers, grouped around Munka. Writes regularly for the newspapers Népszava [People's Voice] and Szocializmus [Socialism], protesting against Stalinist tyranny and extreme right-wing movements.
  • 1939: Exhibits in the Galerie Charpentier, Paris. A new law restricting press freedom closes down Munka.
  • 1940-45: Publishes several novels, books of reports and books of verse. In 1940, an anti-war poem causes him to be imprisoned for two months under a 1937 court judgement.
  • 1945: After the war takes on several positions in cultural affairs in the new political climate. Edits the relaunched Új Idők [New Times] and then the Alkotás [Art] and Kortárs [The Contemporary].
  • 1948: His journals are closed down, he is excluded from public affairs, and his poems and articles cannot be published.
  • 1956: Stands up for the Revolution, returns to artistic affairs.
  • 1957: Public involvement limited, but his old writing begins to be republished.
  • 1960: Exhibition of his work in the Galerie Denise René in Paris, resumption of his international career. Still ignored as an artist in Hungary.
  • 1965: Awarded Kossuth Prize for his poetry.
  • 1967: Holds the last exhibition in his life in the Adolf Fényes Room in Budapest, at his own expense.

Works

  • ET, 1921. Gouache, paper.

  • Volkstümliche Motive, c1921. Gouache on paper.

  • Cover of Buch Neuer Künstler, Vienna, 1922.

  • Képarchitektúra [Picture Architecture], 1922. Gouache on paper. 26 x 20 cm. [1]

  • Bildarchitektur. Silkscreen on thin cardboard.

  • Bildarchitektur II (Entwurf eines Kiosks), 1922. Gouache, cardboard.

  • Bildarchitektur [Kiosk], 1923. Gouache, ink, paper.

  • MA journal, cover, 1924.

  • Tó Mozi [Tó Kino], 1928.

  • Bühnenbild Munka.

Portraits

  • in Budapest, c1927-28.

  • Photo by Lajos Lengyel, 1930.

  • in Budapest, 1964.

Publications

Magazines
  • editor, A Tett, 17 numbers, 1915-16.
  • editor, MA, 76 numbers, Budapest (1916-19) and Vienna (1919-25), 1916-25.
  • editor, Akasztott Ember, 5 numbers, Vienna, 1922-23.
  • editor, Dokumentum, 5 numbers, Budapest, 1926-27.
  • editor, Munka, 65 numbers, Budapest, 1928-39.
Books
  • Novellaskonyv: Válogatott novellák 1911-1919, Vienna: Bán-Verlag, 1921, 123 pp. (Hungarian)
  • editor, with Lászlo Moholy-Nagy, Buch neuer Künstler, Vienna and Budapest: Aktivista Foliorat, 1922. An anthology of modern art and poetry. [2] (German)
    • Új művészek könyve, Bécs, 1922; repr., Budapest: Európa-Corvina, 1977, 104 pp. [3] (Hungarian)
  • MA Buch. Gedichte, trans. & intro. Andreas Gáspár, Berlin: Der Sturm, 1923; facs., Budapest: Kassák Múzeum, 1999. (German)
  • Kôň zomrie, vtáky sa rozletia, trans. Vojtěch Kondrót, Bratislava: Slovenský spisovateľ, 1971. Poems. (Slovak)
  • more

Catalogues

Literature

See also

Links

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