Norway

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Photography

Events
  • October 1840, daguerreotype exhibition in Bergen.
Literature
  • Liv Hausken, Om det utidige. Medieanalytiske undersøkelser av fotografi, fortelling og stillbildefilm, Rapport. nr. 38, Institutt for medievitenskap, Universitetet i Bergen, 1998.
  • Gunnar Iversen, Yngue Sandhei Jacobsen (eds.), Estetiske teknologier 1700-2000, Scandinavian Academic Press, Oslo, 2003. [14]

Avant-garde

Events
Resources
Literature
  • Per Bäckström, Bodil Børset (eds.), Norsk Avantgarde, 2011, 790 pp. ISBN 9788270996490. (in Norwegian) [15]
  • Tania Ørum, Ping Huang, et al. (eds.), A Cultural History of the Avant-Garde in the Nordic Countries 1900-1925, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, 2012, 680 pp. ISBN 978-90-420-3620-8. [16]
  • Ellef Prestsæter, "The Avant-Garde as Network. Interview with Tania Ørum", Kunstkritikk, 23 April 2012.

Experimental film

Literature
  • Gunnar Iversen (ed.), Estetiske teknologier 1700-2000, Vol. 3, Scandinavian Academic Press, Oslo, 2006. ISBN 9788230400173. [17]

Geometric abstraction, Neo-constructivism, Op art, Kinetic art

Jæger, Berge, Vold, Blikk, 1970.
Kjær, Kolberg, Nova, 1972.
Venues

From the mid-1960s the optical and kinetic forms of expressions were shown at the Kunstnernes Hus in Oslo, and later also at the Henie-Onstad Art Centre at Høvikodden which opened in 1968.

Artists and works
  • Odd Tandberg was the first in Norway to try to create mobile visual images using electric motor-driven plastic and glass elements.
  • Irma Salo Jæger's geometrical installations of polaroid and refractive materials moved the multi-coloured light (Kunstnernes Hus, May 1968). In April-May 1970, her commission, kinetic sculpture Blikk [Glimpses], which used computer-controlled light and lasers, and was made in collaboration with the composer Sigurd Berge and the author Jan Erik Vold, was shown at Høvikodden (Berge's electronic composition was released in 2010, see below). The multimedia piece was so complicated to produce that the engineers Halvor Heier, Birger Komedal & Harald Schiøtz was hired for technical assistance.
  • Anders Kjær and Kåre Kolberg's multimedia installation Nova was presented in the Studio Hall at the Henie-Onstad Art Centre in August 1972. One of Norway's first sound installations. It included a specially designed light show and music played from tape - blended together with a 13x19 metre installation consisting of glass, rubber tires and piles of paper that the audience could walk through. The composition was released as a CD in 2009 (see below). [18]

Computer and computer-aided art

  • Irma Salo Jæger, Sigurd Berge and Jan Erik Vold, Blikk [Glimpses], 1970. (See above)
  • Kåre Kolberg, Keiserens Nye Slips [The Emperor's New Tie], 1973. (See below)
  • Rolf Aamot's computer paintings, 1980s.

Video

  • Rolf Aamot created a number of works for television in the 1960s-80s.
Resources

Electroacoustic and experimental music

Cover of a compilation with the works by Nordheim, Janson and Fongaard, 1968.
Norwegian Electronic Music Studio, 1975-78.

Composers

Gunnar Sønstevold, Arne Nordheim, Rolf Aamot, Bjørn Fongaard, Sigurd Berge, Kåre Kolberg, Hal Clark, Ruth Bakke.

(Non-)Events

  • Performances of Bjørn Fongaard's Uranium 235 for orchestra in Oslo and Reykjavik, 1965-66. None of the performances took place because the musicians were unable to read the notation (Fongaard was developing his notation system, inspired by modernists such as Hindemith, Schoenberg and Webern). This later led the composer to peform his music on specially designed guitar. See his page for more.
  • Electronic music concert-series Elektrofoni, Henie-Onstad Art Centre, 1968-83.
  • Haagen Ringnes’ TV-show Åpen Post on the subject popmusic in Autumn 1969 featured actress and singer Elisabeth Grannemann's parody performance which included throwing dishes and yelling, with direct reference to composer Arne Nordheim's music. The eventually resulted in a double-LP with avant-garde pop songs from five composers, entitled Popofoni (see below). More detailed account of the story.
  • Week-long visit of John Cage in Oslo, November 1983. His stay was well documented in photo, video and audio recordings, he was interviewed by all the major newspapers, as well as by Eivind Solås for NRK Television. A special pamphlet was printed for the event, containing articles by amongst others Kåre Kolberg and Kjell Samkopf. Shortly after his stay the Norwegian journal of new music, Ballade, published a special Cage edition. Recordings of the event were published in 1984 as an unusual 10-tape suitcase John Cage in Norway. [19]
  • John Cage: The Anarchy Of Silence exhibition, Henie-Onstad Art Centre, February-May 2010. A book with CD was published on the occasion. [20]

Studio

  • Norwegian Studio for Electronic Music (NSEM), 1975-78. Founded by Hal Clark and Arne Nordheim at the Henie-Onstad Art Centre, while it was run together with the Music Academy, Norwegian Broadcasting Association, and Composers Union. As a result of controversy it moved to the Academy, and soon dissolved.

Releases

  • Arne Nordheim, Contemporary Music From Norway, Philips ‎(839.250 AY), LP, 1967. Compositions: Canzona Per Orchestra; Epitaffio Per Orchestra E Nastro Magnetico; Response I For Two Percussion Groups And Magnetic Tape. [21]. Epitaffio later appeared on Music Of Arne Nordheim, Decca ‎(HEAD 23), LP, 1979, [22], and on Epitaffio / Doria / Greening, Aurora (NCD-B 4931), CD, 2000, [23].
  • Bjørn Fongaard, Alfred Janson, Arne Nordheim, Musique électronique norvégienne, Philips (DSY 836 896), LP, 1968, [24]. Compositions: Nordheim's Epitaffio and Response I; Janson's Canon; Fongaard's Galaxe, op 46, 1966. UK version, Philips ‎(4FE8002), 1968, [25]. US reissue, Limelight (LS 86061), 1970, [26]. [27].
  • Bjørn Fongaard's composition Homo Sapiens appeared on the compilation Nordic Music Days 1968, Vol 3, EMI & Odeon, LP, 1969. [28].
  • Arne Nordheim, Colorazione Solitaire Signals, Philips (845 005 AY), LP, 1969. Compositions: Colorazione; Solitaire; Signals. Realised at Studio Eksperymentalne, Warsaw. [29].
  • VA, Popofoni, Sonet ‎(SLP 1421/22), 2-LP, 1973. Contains tracks by Gunnar Sønstevold, Nordheim, Alfred Janson, Kåre Kolberg, and Terje Rypdal. "Holy grail of Norwegian free-jazz and electronic music." [30]. Reissued by Prisma Records ‎(PRISMALP001), 2-LP, 2012, [31], [32].
  • Arne Nordheim, Sigurd Berge, Bjørn Fongaard, Contemporary Music From Norway, Philips (6507 034), LP, 1973. Tracklist: Nordheim, Fem Osaka-Biter [Five Osaka Fragments]; Berge, Månelandskap [Moon Landscapes]; Berge, Munnharpe [Jew's Harp]; Fongaard, The Space Concerto For Piano And Tape; Berge, Humoreske [Humoresque]; Berge, Eg Beisla Min Støvel [I Harnessed My Boot]; Berge, Erupsjon [Eruption]. [33].
  • Arne Nordheim, Electronic Music, Philips ‎(6507 042), LP, 1974. Compositions: Warszawa, 1970; Pace, 1970; Lux et tenebrae, 1970 (concrete and electric sounds for Osaka Expo 70). Recorded at Studio Eksperymentalne, Warsaw. [34]. Reissued by Norwegian Composers ‎(NC 3842), 1985. [35].
    • Arne Nordheim, Electric, Rune Grammofon (RCD 2002), CD, 1998. Compositions: Solitaire, 1968; Pace, 1970; Warszawa, 1970; Polypoly, 1970; Colorazione, 1968. Recorded at Studio Eksperymentalne, Warsaw. [36].
  • Kåre Kolberg, Nova, Prisma Records (PRISMA CD705), CD, 2009. Contains Nova, 1972 (composed for a multimedia installation, see above). [37], [38].
  • Arne Nordheim's Colorazione For Hammond Organ X-66, Percussion, Time-Delay, Ring Modulators And Filters (Version 1982) appeared on his Colorazione, Philips ‎(410 470-1), LP, 1983. Realised with Eugeniusz Rudnik (effects) and Kåre Kolberg (hammond organ). [39]
  • Arne Nordheim, Dodeka, Rune Grammofon ‎(RCD 2030), CD, 2003. Contains 12 tracks. [40]
  • Sigurd Berge, Early Electronic Works, Prisma Records (PRISMA CD708), CD, 2010. The disc contains previously unreleased pieces Eg beisla min støvel, Preludium, Ritual, Sørgemusikk, and Erupsjon; the musique concrète piece Delta, which Berge also used in a collaboration with the avant-garde jazz trio Svein Finnerud in 1970; and the excerpts from electronic music composed for the multimedia installation Blikk (see above). [41], [42], [43].
  • Bjørn Fongaard, Elektrofoni: Works For Micro Intervallic Guitar 1965-1978, Prisma Records (PRISMA CD711), 3-CD & 5-DVD, 2010. [44], [45]. The Wire review.
  • Rolf Aamot, Tonal Image Films 1968-1991, Prisma Records, CD, 2011. Works: Actio, 1980; Kinetisk Energi Part 1 & 2, 1968; Nordlys, 1991; Progress, 1972; Viisuelt, 1971. [46], [47].
  • Kåre Kolberg, Omgivelser & Portando, Prisma Records (prismaCD714), CD, 2011. Contains two compositions: Omgivelser, recorded in Studio Eksperymentalne, Warsaw, 1970; and Portando, recorded at Henie-Onstad Art Centre Studios, 1987. [48], [49]
  • Kåre Kolberg, Electronic Works 1970-1973, Prisma Records (PRISMALP002), LP, 2012. Contains three works: Nova, 1972 (composed for a multimedia installation, see above), Omgivelser, 1970, Keiserens Nye Slips [The Emperor's New Tie], 1973 (this piece composed and recorded in 1973 at Electronic Music Studios in Stockholm, using a PDP 15/40 computer; it was programmed in the EMS-1 computer language developed in the same studio; it was commissioned by Fylkingen, Stockholm; the recording previously appeared on a 1980 compilation by Philips[50] and Kolberg's 1988 compilation by Aurora[51]). [52], [53].
  • VA, I Want The Beatles To Play At My Art Centre, Prisma Records ‎(P004), 2-LP, 2012. Contains compositions by Nordheim, Berge, Fongaard, Kolberg, Hal Clark, John Cage, Magne Hegdal and others. With a DVD. [54], [55], [56].
  • Hal Clark, Electro-Acoustic Works 1974-75, Prisma Records (PRISMACD716), CD, 2013. [57], [58].

Literature and references




Interview with Hal Clark about the Electronic Studio and music scene in Norway of the mid-1970s, sound recording, KPFA, 52 min, February 1975.

  • Hal Clark, The Norwegian Studio for Electronic Music: A Comprehensive Instruction Guide, Høvikodden: Norsk Studio for Elektronisk Musikk, 48 pp.
  • Hal Clark, "The Norwegian Studio for Electronic Music", AES 50 (March 1975). [59]
  • Jøran Rudi, "International Electroacoustics in Norway - This Site Under Construction", Contact! 9.2 (Spring 1996). (in English and French)
  • Hal Clark, "Norges første lydstudio", in Høvikodden Live 1968-2007, 2007. (in Norwegian). Excerpt.
  • "Various ‘Eh bien, la Norvège…’", Continuo blog, 14 September 2009.
  • John Cage in Norway, Høvikodden: Henie-Onstad Art Centre, 2010, 64 pp. With a CD. Dedicated to Cage's visit to Oslo in November 1983. [60], [61], [62].

New media art, Media culture, Media theory

Cities

Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger, Trondheim, Kvinesdal, Grenland, Barentsburg (Svalbard), Sandnes, Tromsø, Kirkenes, Rjukan, Grimstad, Kristiansand.

Initiatives and groups

http://m-cult.net/?lang=en&page=actors

Literature
Resources
Media scholars


Countries
avant-garde, modernism, experimental art, media culture, social practice

Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Central and Eastern Europe, Chile, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kosova, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Slovenia, Slovakia, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States