Appendix 3

People: Russian and Soviet

AGADZHANOVA-SHUTKO, Nina F. (1889–1974). Scriptwriter, director of Script Department of Mezhrabpomfilm and Soyuzdetfilm. Scripts include:The Battleship Potemkin (withEisenstein) 1926; The Two Buláis (with Brik) 1930; The Deserter (with others) 1933. Wife of Kirill Shutko.

ALEXANDROV, Grigori V. (1903–84). Director & scriptwriter. Films include: The Strike a, co-d, co-s 1924;The Battleship Potemkin co-d 1926;The Girl from a Distant Shore s 1927;October co-s 1927;The Old and The New co-s 1929;The Sleeping Beauty co-s with S. & G. Vasiliev 1930; The Internationale d, s 1932;The Happy Guys d, co-s 1934;The Circus d, s 1936;Volga-Volga d, co-s 1938;The Bright Path d 1940;Victory Is Ours d, co-s 1941; Spring d, co-s 1947; Meeting on the Elbe d 1949;The Composer Glinka d, co-s 1952;Man to Man d 1956;A Russian Souvenir d, s 1960.

ANDREYEV, Leonid N. (1871–1919). Writer and dramatist.

ANOSHCHENKO, Alexander D. (1887–1969). Director and scriptwriter.

ANOSHCHENKO, Nikolai D. (1894–1977). Scriptwriter, director, teacher, journalist.

ARVATOV, Boris I. (1896–1940). Art historian, author, member of Proletkult and later of Lef.

ASEYEV, Nikolai N. (1889–1963). Author and critic. Scripts include:The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks 1924; titles for The Battleship Potemkin 1926;Minin and Pozharsky 1939.

BABEL, Isaak E. (1894–1941). Author, dramatist and scriptwriter. Cycles of short stories include: Red Cavalry, which Eisenstein considered filming, Tales of Odessa. Plays include: Sunset 1928; Maria 1933. Scripts include Jewish Luck and Salt 1925;Benya Krik and Shooting Stars 1926;Jimmy Higgins and The Chinese Mill 1928.Assisted Eisenstein with revisions to Bezhin Meadow 1935–7. Arrested 1939, executed 1941.

BARANOVSKAYA, Vera E (1885–1935). Actress. Emigrated to Czechoslovakia 1928; died in Paris. Films include: The Mother 1926; The End of St Petersburg and Potholes 1928.

BARNET, Boris V. (1902–65). Director. Films include:The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks a 1924;Miss Mend (a, co-s, co-d) 1926;The Girl with a Hatbox and Moscow in October 1927;The House on Trubnaya 1928;The Ice Breaks 1931;The Outskirts 1933;By the Deep Blue Sea 1936;One September Night 1939;Courage 1941;The Head With No Price 1942;Once at Night 1945;The Patrol’s Exploits 1947;Pages from a Life (with A. Macheret) 1948;Masters of Ukrainian Art in Concert 1952;Bounteous Summer and Lyana 1955;The Poet 1957;The Warrior and the Clown (with K. Yudin) 1957; Annushka 1959; Alyonka (with S. Antonov) 1961; Whistle-Stop 1963.

BASSALYGO, Dmitri N. (1884–1969). Actor, film director and scriptwriter. Assistant to Bauer. Head of Proletkino from 1923. Films include: The Fight for the Ultimatum Factory 1924;The Muslim Woman 1925;Eyes of Andosia 1926;The Voyage of Mr Lloyd 1927.

BAUER, Evgeni F. (1865–1917). Leading pre-Revolutionary director of films like Beauty Must Govern the World and The Queen of the Screen 1916. Kuleshov began his career in cinema with Bauer.

BEK-NAZAROV, Amo I. (1892–1965). Armenian director, actor and scriptwriter.

BLEIMAN, Mikhail Yu. (1904–73). Scriptwriter, film critic and theorist. Scripts include: A Great Citizen 1937–9.

BLIOKH, Yakov M. (1895–1957). Documentary film maker. Head of Soyuzkinokhronika 1937–9, Odessa studio 1939–40. Films include: The Shanghai Document 1928;Sergo Ordzhonikidze (with Vertov) 1937.

BLYAKHIN, Pavel A. (1886–1961). Scriptwriter and Old Bolshevik. Head of Literary and artistic section of Sovkino 1926, later worked in Glavrepertkom, Chairman of cinema trades union 1934. Scripts include: The Little Red Devils 1923; Judas 1930.

BLYUM, Vladimir I. (1877–1941). Critic.

BOLSHAKOV, Ivan G. (1902–80). Sovnarkom administrator 1931–9; Chairman of Committee for Cinema Affairs 1939; Minister of Cinema from 1946.

BOLTYANSKY, Grigori M. (1885–1953). Newsreel director, administrator and teacher. In charge of Soviet newsreel production from 1918. Chairman of amateur film section of ODSK 1926–31. Compiled first collection of documents on Lenin and cinema 1925.

BRIK, Osip M. (1888–1945). Writer, dramatist and critic. Edited Lef 1923–5 and Novyi Lef 1927–8 with Mayakovsky. In late 1920s and early 1930s one of the heads of the script department of Mezhrabpomfilm. Scripts include:Storm Over Asia 1929;The Two Buldis 1930.

BRODYANSKY, Boris L. (1902–45). Scriptwriter. Scripts include:Lenin’s Address 1929;The Hurricane 1931.

BUBRIK, Samuil D. (1899–1965). Documentary film maker of Latvian origin.

BUKHARIN, Nikolai I. (1888–1938). Bolshevik leader and theorist, editor of Pravda, head of Comintern. Co-author of The ABC of Communism, author of The Economics of the Transition Period and Historical Materialism. Show trial and execution 1938.

CHARDYNIN, Pyotr (1878–1934). Pre-Revolutionary director, actor, scriptwriter. Lived abroad 1921–3. Films include:Ukrazia 1925;Taras Shevchenko 1926;Taras Tryasilo 1927.

CHERVYAKOV, Evgeni V. (1899–1942). Director, actor and scriptwriter. Films include:The Girl from a Distant Shore 1927; Cities and Years 1930;The Prisoners 1936.

CHIAURELI, Mikhail E. (1894–1974). Director and scriptwriter of Georgian origin. Films include:The Last Masquerade 1934;Arsen 1937;The Vow 1946;The Fall of Berlin 1950;The Unforgettable Year 1919 1952.

CHUKOVSKY, Kornei I. (1882–1969). Children’s writer and literary critic.

DINAMOV, Sergei S. (1901–39). Literary critic who specialised in American literature, Party activist. Arrested and executed 1939.

DOVZHENKO, Alexander P. (1894–1956). Ukrainian director. Films include:Vasya the Reformer and The Fruit of Love 1926;The Diplomatic Bag and Zvenigora 1927;The Arsenal 1928;The Earth 1930;Ivan 1932;Aerograd 1935;Shchors 1939;Liberation 1940;The Battle for Our Soviet Ukraine 1943;Victory in the Western Ukraine and the Expulsion of the German Invaders from Our Ukrainian Soviet Lands 1945;Native Land 1946;Michurin 1948.

DRANKOV, Alexander O. (1880–?). Pre-Revolutionary entrepreneur, known for his sensationalism.The Times photographic correspondent in St Petersburg.

DUBROVSKY, Alexander M. (b. 1899). Director and scriptwriter.

DUKELSKY, Semyon S. (Dates unknown). Administrator. Head of GUKF January-March 1938; Chairman of Committee for Cinema Affairs March 1938-June 1939.

DZIGAN, Efim L. (1896–1981). director, best known for his Civil War film We From Kronstadt 1936.

EFREMOV, Mikhail Petrovich. Member of Party from 1914; from 1923 Head of Sevzapkino, later, deputy Chairman of Sovkino.

EGGERT, Konstantin, V. (1883–1955). Director and actor. Films as director include:The Bear’s Wedding 1926;An Alien Woman 1927;The Ice House 1928;The Lame Gentleman 1929.

EHRENBURG, Ilya G. (1891–1967). Writer and journalist. Lived in Berlin 1921–4. Books on cinema inclued The Materialisation of the Fantastic 192 The Dream Factory 1931.Izvestiya correspondent in Spain 1936–9.

EICHENBAUM, Boris M. (1886–1959). Literary critic and historian, leading Formalist.

EICHENWALD (also AIKHENVALD), Yuli I. (1872–1928). Literary critic. Exiled in 1922.

EISENSTEIN, Sergei M. (1898–1948). Director, scriptwriter, film theorist. Films:The Strike 1924;The Battleship Potemkin 1926;October 1927;The Old and the New 1929;Que Viva México! 1930–1 (unfinished);Bezhin Meadow 1935–7 (unfinished);Alexander Nevsky 1938;Ivan the Terrible 1944–5.

EKK, Nikolai V. (pseudonym of Ivakin) (1902–76). Director assiciated with Meyerhold. Directed first Soviet sound film, The Path to Life 1931.

ERMLER, Friedrich M. (1898–1967). Director. Films include:Scarlet Fever 1924;Children of the Storm (with E. Johanson) and Katka’s Reinette Apples (with E. Johanson) 1926;The House in the Snowdrifts and The Parisian Cobbler 1927;A Fragment of Empire 1929;Counterplan 1932 (with Yutkevich);Peasants 1934;A Great Citizen 1937–9;Autumn 1940;She is Defending the Homeland 1943;The Great Turning-Point 1945;A Great Power 1949;The Dinner Party 1953;An Unfinished Story 1955;The First Day 1958;The Judgement of History 1965.

ERMOLIEV, Iosif N. (1889–1962). Pre-Revolutionary entrepreneur. Emigrated to USA 1920.

EROFEYEV, Vladimir A. (1898–1940). Documentary film maker, editor of Kinogazeta newspaper. Soviet film representative in Germany 1925–6. Films include:Beyond the Arctic Circle 1927;The Roof of the World 1928;The Heart of Asia 1929;Towards a Happy Haven 1930.

EVREINOV, Nikolai N. (1879–1953). Dramatist, theatre director, theoretician and historian of theatre.

FAIKO, Alexei M. (1893–1978). Dramatist and scriptwriter. Plays include Bubus the Teacher (see n. 147). Scripts include: Aelita and The Cigarette Girl from Mosselprom 1924 (both with Fyodor Otsep).

FERDINANDOV, Boris A. (1889–1959). Actor, designer and director associated with Moscow Kamerny Theatre. Films include: The Ghost That Never Returns 1930.

FOGEL, Vladimir P. (1902–29). Actor, member of Kuleshov Workshop. Films include: The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks 1924; The Death Ray and Chess Fever 1925; Miss Mend, The Three Millions Trial and By the Law 1926; Bed and Sofa, The Girl with the Hatbox, Who Are You? 1927; Earth in Captivity, The Doll with the Millions, The House on Trubnaya and The Salamander 1928.

GAN, Alexei M. (1889–1940?). Founder member of Constructivist group with Rodchenko. In charge of revolutionary festivals and mass spectacles for Narkompros 1918–20. Author of Constructivism, editor of Kino-Fot, 1922–3. Later designer and critic.

GARDIN, Vladimir R. (1877–1965). Director, actor and scriptwriter. Founded Moscow State Film School 1919. Numerous films include; as director: Anna Karenina and The Kreutzer Sonata 1914; War and Peace (with Protazanov) 1915; Hunger … Hunger … Hunger 1921; The Spectre is Haunting Europe 1923; The Locksmith and the Chancellor 1924; Cross and Mauser 1925; The Poet and the Tsar 1927; as actor: Counterplan 1932; Yudushka Golovlyov 1934; Peasants 1935.

GERASIMOV, Sergei A. (1906–85). Director, actor, scriptwriter, member of FEKS. Head of Central Studio for Documentary Films 1944–6. Acted in: Mishka versus Yudenich 1925; The Overcoat and The Devil’s Wheel 1926; SVD, Little Brother and Someone Else’s Jacket 1927; New Babylon and A Fragment of Empire 1929; Alone 1931; Three Soldiers 1932; The Deserter 1933; The Frontier 1935; The Vyborg Side 1938. Directed films include: Twenty-Two Misfortunes (with S. Bartenev) 1930; The Heart of Solomon d, co-s 1932; Seven Brave Men d, co-s 1936; Komsomolsk d, co-s 1938; The Teacher d, s 1939; Masquerade d, s 1941; Invincible (co-d with Mikhail Kalatozov) 1943; The Great Land 1944; The Young Guard 1948; Quiet Flows the Don 1957–8; The Journalist 1967.

GOLDOBIN, Anatoli V. (Dates unknown). Old Bolshevik and historian. Director of Production for Goskino.

GORCHILIN, Andrei I. (1886–1956). Actor, member of Kuleshov Workshop. Films include: Hammer and Sickle 1921; The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks 1924; Death Ray 1925; A Simple Chance 1930; The Great Consoler 1933.

GORKY, Maxim (Pseudonym of A. M. Peshkov) (1868–1936). Leading Russian and Soviet novelist and dramatist and exponent of critical realism who played an important part in promoting Socialist Realism as the official guideline at the 1934 Writers’ Congress.

GREBNER, Georgi E. (1892–1954). Scriptwriter. Scripts include: The Bear’s Wedding (with Lunacharsky) 1926; The Alien Woman (with Eggert) 1927; The Salamander (with Lunacharsky), The Lame Gentleman 1928; The Revolt of the Fishermen 1934; Suvorov 1940.

GVOZDEV, Alexei A. (1887–1939). Leningrad theatre and film critic.

ILYINSKY, Igor V. (1901–87). Comic actor. Acted with Meyerhold Theatre 1920–35. Films include: Aelita and The Cigarette Girl from Mosselprom 1924; The Tailor from Torzhok 1925; When the Dead Awaken, Miss Mend and The Three Millions Trial 1926; The Kiss of Mary Pickford and A Cup of Tea 1927; The Doll with Millions 1928; The Feast of St Jürgen 1930; Volga-Volga 1938; Carnival Night 1956.

INKIZHINOV, Valeri I. (1895–1973). Actor in Meyerhold Theatre. Films include: Storm Over Asia 1929.

KAPLER, Alexei Ya. (1904–79). Scriptwriter. Assistant director to Dovzhenko on The Arsenal 1927. Scripts include: The Woman 1929; Miners 1937; Lenin in October 1937; Lenin in 1918 1939; Dzerzhinsky 1940.

KASYANOV, Vladimir P. (1883–1960). Director, actor and scriptwriter. Films include: Drama in the Futurists’ Cabaret No. 13 1914; the agitka, For the Red Banner 1919.

KAUFMAN, Mikhail A. (1897–1980). Documentary film-maker. Vertov’s younger brother, worked as cameraman on Cine-Eye films of 1920s. Own films as director include: Moscow and A Day in a Crèche 1921; Springtime 1929; Our Moscow 1939.

KERZHENTSEV, Platon M. (pseudonym of P. M. Lebedev) (1881–1940). Proletkult activist, advocate of proletarian hegemony in the arts, and head of ROSTA; variously Soviet ambassador to Sweden and Italy; deputy head of Party Agitprop Department and head of Central Committee Department of Cultural Propaganda from 1928; head of ‘Litfront’, radical wing of RAPP late 1920s; Vice-President of Communist Academy 1930; President of All-Union Radio Committee 1933–6; President of Committee for Art Affairs 1936–8.

KHANZHONKOV, Alexander A. (1877–1945). Pre-revolutionary cinema entrepreneur. After 1917 consultant to Goskino and director of production for Proletkino.

KHOKHLOVA, Alexandra S. (1897–1985). Kuleshov’s wife and leading actress; appearing in all his major films from The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks 1924 to The Great Consoler 1933.

KHOLODNAYA, Vera V. (1893–1919). Leading star of pre-Revolutionary Russian cinema. Died in Crimea in influenza epidemic.

KIRSHON, Vladimir M. (1902–38). Dramatist and critic associated with Moscow Art Theatre. Secretary of RAPP and chairman of its cinema section. Script for:The Fight f or the Ultimatum Factory 1923;The Rails Are Humming 1929.Plays include: Bread 1930; The Great Day 1936. Arrested in 1937 and executed in 1938.

KOMAROV, Sergei P. (1891–1957). Actor and director, leading member of Kuleshov Workshop. Appeared in: Village in Crisis and Hammer and Sickle 1921;The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in. the Land of the Bolsheviks 1924;The Death Ray 1925;Miss Mend and By the Law 1926;The End of St Petersburg 1927; The House on Trubnaya and The Salamander 1928;The Happy Canary 1929;The Two Buldis 1930;Outskirts 1933;Minin and Pozharsky 1939;Siberians 1940;The Young Guard 1948. Directed:The Kiss of Mary Pickford 1927;The Doll with the Millions 1928.

KOZINTSEV, Grigori M. (1905–73). Soviet film director. Co-founder of FEKS in 1922 and co-director with Leonid Trauberg of New Babylon and Maxim trilogy. Films: (with Trauberg) The Adventures of Oktyabrina, Mishka Versus Yudenich 1925;The Devil’s Wheel, The Overcoat 1926;The Little Brother, SVD 1927;New Babylon 1929;Alone 1931;The Youth of Maxim 1934;The Return of Maxim 1937;The Vyborg Side 1938; Simple People made 1945, released 1956. Sole director: Pirogov 1947; Belinsky 1953; Don Quixote 1957;Hamlet 1964;King Lear 1972.

KRINITSKY, Alexander I. (1894–1937). Party activist. Deputy head of Party Agitprop Department 1926–9; Secretary of Transcaucasian Party 1929–30; Deputy People’s Commissar for Rabkrin 1930–2.

KRYZHITSKY, Georgi K. (b. 1895) Theatre director, critic and historian. Worked under Mardzhanov at Comic Opera Theatre in Petrograd from 1920. Founder member of FEKS.

KULESHOV, Lev V. (1899–1970). Soviet film director and theoretician. Worked on newsreels in Civil War. Ran own workshop in State Film School from 1921 working on ‘films without film’. Developed so-called ‘Kuleshov effect’. Married his leading actress Alexandra Khokhlova. Films:Engineer Prite’s Project 1918;On the Red Front 1920;The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks 1924;The Death Ray 1925;By the Law 1926;Your Acquaintance 1927;The Two Buldis, The Happy Canary 1929;Forty Hearts 1930;The Horizon, The Great Consoler 1933;The Siberians 1940;Timur’s Vow 1942;We from the Urals 1944.

KURS, Alexander (1892–after 1937). Editor, Sovetskii ekran.

LEBEDEV, Nikolai A. (1897–1978). Historian, journalist, film theorist. Published first article on cinema to appear in Pravda 1923; editor of Proletkino 1923; co-editor of Kino 1923–4; First secretary of ARK and editor of Kinozhurnal ARK 1924–6; scriptwriter and director of educational films 1925–30; lecturer at VGIK from 1931. Books include: The Party on Cinema (ed.) 1938, Outline History of Soviet Cinema. Vol. 1: Silent Cinema 1947.

LITKENS, Evgraf A. (1888–1922). Second Deputy Commissar of Enlightenment to Lunacharsky. Appointed to undertake reorganisation of Narkompros late 1920. Murdered by bandits while on rest cure in Crimea, April 1922.

LUNACHARSKY, Anatoli V. (1875–1933). Old Bolshevik, author, scriptwriter, critic; People’s Commissar for Enlightenment 1917–29. Scripts include:Overcrowding co-s 1918;The Iron Heel co-s 1919;The Daredevil 1919;The Bear’s Wedding co-s 1925; Poison co-s 1927; The Salamander co-s 1928.

MACHERET Alexander V. (b.1896). Film director and theorist. Films include: Men and Jobs (1932); Swamp Soldiers (1938).

MAXIMOV, Vladimir V. (1880–1937). Actor. Worked in Moscow Art Theatre 1904, Maly Theatre 1906–18; helped create Petrograd Bolshoi Drama Theatre 1919–24. Popular actor in pre-Revolutionary films.

MAYAKOVSKY, Vladimir V. (1893–1930). Russian Futurist poet and playwright. Films include: The Young Lady and the Hooligan, Shackled by Film and Not Born To Be Rich 1918. Plays:The Bedbug 1928 and The Bath-House 1929. Playedleading part in ROSTA poster-poem campaign in Civil War. Remained politically active until his suicide.

MEDVEDKIN, Alexander, I. (1900–89). Director and scriptwriter, led the film train in the early 1930s. Films as director include Happiness 1934; The Miracle Worker 1937.

MESSMAN, Vladimir. Not traced.

MEYERHOLD, Vsevolod E. (1874–1940). The leading avant-garde Russian theatre director of twentieth century. Films directed: The Picture of Dorian Gray 1915 and The Strong Man 1916. Also acted in Protazanov’s The White Eagle 1928. Director of state theatre organisation, 1917–21. Ran his own Moscow theatre group 1921–38. Arrested 1939, executed 1940, rehabilitated 1955.

MIKHIN, Boris A. (1881–1963). Director and designer. Films include: Typhoid and Its Consequences 1918; On Wings Above 1924; Abrek Zaur 1926; The Law of the Mountains 1928.

MOSJOUKINE, Ivan I. (also Mozzhukhin) (1888–1939). Leading pre-Revolutionary film actor; emigrated to France 1920. Films include: The Kreutzer Sonata 1911; Nikolai Stavrogin 1915; The Queen of Spades 1916; Father Sergius 1918. Films abroad include: Kean 1924; Michel Strogoff and Casanova 1926.

MOSKVIN, Andrei N. (1901–1961). Cameraman associated with Kozintsev and Trauberg. Films include: The Devil’s Wheel, The Overcoat and The Little Brother 1926; Turbine No. 3, Someone Else’s Jacket, SVD 1927; New Babylon 1929; Alone 1931; The Youth of Maxim 1934; The Return of Maxim 1937; The Vyborg Side 1938; The Actress 1943; Ivan the Terrible 1944–5; Pirogov 1947; Belinsky 1951; Dawn Over the Nieman 1953; Don Quixote 1957; The Lady with the Little Dog 1960.

NEMIROVICH-DANCHENKO, Vladimir I. (1858–1943). Writer, critic and theatre producer. Co-founder of Moscow Art Theatre with Stanislavsky.

NIKULIN, Lev V. (1891–1967). Scriptwriter. Scripts include: Cross and Mauser 1925; The Traitor (with Shklovsky) 1926.

NILSEN, Vladimir S. (1905–38). Cameraman associated with Eisenstein and Alexandrov.

OBOLENSKY, Leonid L. (b.1902). Actor and director, member of Kuleshov workshop, later also sound engineer. Acted in: On the Red Front 1920; The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks 1924; Death Ray 1925. Directed: Bricklayers 1925; Ah, Apple 1926; Albidum 1928; Traders in Glory 1929. Sound engineer on: Outskirts and The Great Consoler 1933; Marionettes 1934.

OKHLOPKOV, Nikolai P. (1900–1967). Actor and director. Worked with Meyerhold 1923–30; head of Moscow Realist Theatre 1930–37. Films include: Old Knysh’s Gang 1924; The Bay of Death and The Traitor 1926; Mitya a, d, and The Bartered Appetite a, d 1928; Men and Jobs 1932; Lenin in October 1937; Alexander Nevsky 1938; Lenin in 1918 1939; Yakov Sverdlov 1940; Kutuzov 1944; A Tale of a Real Man 1948; Far from Moscow 1950; The Lights of Baku 1958.

OLESHA, Yuri K. (1899–1960). Author, playwright and scriptwriter. Scripts include: A Strict Young Man 1934; Engineer Kochin’s Mistake 1939.

OSINSKY, N. (pseudonym of Valerian V. Obolensky) (1887–1938). Economist and Party activist. Deputy People’s Commissar for Agriculture and Deputy Chairman of Vesenkha 1921–3; Soviet plenipotentiary in Sweden 1923–4; Director of Central Statistical Board and member of State Plan Presidium 1925–8; Deputy Chairman of Vesenkha 1929.

OSTROVSKY, Alexander N. (1823–1886). Playwright, author of The Forest, The Storm and the comedy Enough Simplicity in Every Wise Man later staged by Eisenstein.

OTSEP, Fyodor A. (1895–1945). Director and scriptwriter, lived abroad from 1929. Films include: Polikushka 1918–19 s; Aelita 1924 s; The Cigarette Girl from Mosselprom 1924 s; The Station Master 1925 s; Miss Mend 1926 d & s; Earth in Captivity 1928 d; The Living Corpse 1929 d.

PAVLENKO, Pyotr A. (1899–1951). Author, journalist and scriptwriter. Scripts include: Alexander Nevsky 1938; Yakov Sverdlov 1940; The Vow 1946; The Fall of Berlin 1949; The Composer Glinka 1952.

PERESTIANI, Ivan N. (1870–1959). Director and actor of Georgian origin. Films include: Father and Son 1919; In Days of Struggle 1920; Arsen Dzhordzhiashvili 1921; The Little Red Devils 1923; Savur the Grave 1926.

PERTSOV, Viktor O. (1898–1980). Literary critic, associated with Lef and Novyi Lef.

PETROV, Nikolai V. (1890–1964). Actor and director, associate of Meyerhold.

PETROV, Vladimir M. (1896–1966). Director. Films include: Golden Honey and Joy and Friend 1928; Lenin’s Address 1929; Fritz Bauer 1930; The Storm 1934; Peter the First 1937–9; Kutuzov 1944; The Battle of Stalingrad 1949.

PETROV-BYTOV, Pavel P. (1895–1960). Director. Films include: For Life and Death 1925; The Whirlpool 1927; The Volga Rebels 1928; Cain and Artyom 1929; The Turning-Point 1930; A Complicated Question 1933; The Miracle 1934; Pugachov 1937; The Rout of Yudenich 1941.

PIOTROVSKY, Adrian I. (1898–1938). Writer, film and theatre critic and theorist, scriptwriter and administrator. Artistic director, Leningrad studios 1928–37. Specialist in ancient Greek literature: translated Aristophanes, Euripides, etc. Scripts include: The Devil’s Wheel 1926. Other writing includes: Towards a Theory of Film Genres’ in Poetics of Cinema 1926 and Artistic Currents in Soviet Cinema 1930.

PLEKHANOV, Georgi V. (1856–1918). Father figure of Russian Marxism. Leader of Mensheviks after 1903 split. Developed Russian Marxist views on aesthetics in Art & Social Life.

POPOV, Alexei D. (1892–1961). Director and scriptwriter, associated with Moscow Art Theatre. Worked in Vakhtangov Theatre 1923–30; Artistic Director of Theatre of the Revolution 1930–5; head of Red Army Theatre 1935–60. Directed: Two Friends, a Model and a Girlfriend 1921; A Great Unpleasantness 1930.

PROTAZANOV, Yakov A. (1881–1945). Director. Lived abroad 1920–3. Numerous films include: The Convict’s Song 1911; War and Peace (with Gardin) and Nikolai Stavrogin 1915; The Queen of Spades 1916; Father Sergius 1918; Aelita 1924; His Appeal and The Tailor from Torzhok 1925; The Three Millions Trial 1926; The Forty-First and The Man from the Restaurant 1927; The White Eagle and Don Diego and Pelagia 1928; Jobs and Men 1929; The Feast of St Jürgen 1929; Tommy 1931; The Marionettes 1934; The Girl with No Dowry 1937; The Seventh Class 1938; Salavat Yulayev 1941; Nasreddin in Bukhara 1943.

PUDOVKIN, Vsevolod I. (1893–1953). Director, actor and scriptwriter. Films include: In Days of Struggle a 1920; Hammer and Sickle co-d, a and Hunger … Hunger … Hunger co-d, co-s 1921; The Locksmith and the Chancellor co-s 1923; The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr West in the Land of the Bolsheviks a 1924; The Death Ray ass d, a, Bricklayers a, and Chess Fever co-d 1925; The Mechanics of the Brain d, s and The Mother 1926; The End of St Petersburg 1927; Storm Over Asia 1928; The Living Corpse a, The Happy Canary a and New Babylon a 1929; A Simple Case 1930; The Deserter 1933; Victory 1938; Minin and Pozharsky 1939; 20 Years of Cinema co-d and Suvorov co-d 1940; The Feast at Zhirmunka co-d 1941; In the Name of the Homeland co-d, co-s 1943: Ivan the Terrible a 1944–5; Admiral Nakhimov co-d, a 1946; Three Encounters co-d 1948; Zhukovsky co-d 1950; The Return of Vassili Bortnikov 1953.

RAIZMAN, Yuli Ya. (b.1903). Director and scriptwriter. Literary adviser to Mezhrabpom-Rus 1924. Films: The Circle 1927; Penal Servitude 1928; The Earth Is Thirsty 1930; The Tale of Umar Khaptsoko 1932; Pilots 1935; The Last Night 1936; Virgin Soil Upturned 1939; Mashenka 1942; The Problem of the Armistice with Finland and The Moscow Sky 1944; Berlin 1945; The Train Is Going East 1947; Rainis 1949; The Cavalier of the Gold Star 1951; The Lesson of Life 1955; The Communist 1957; But What If This Is Love? 1961; Your Contemporary 1967.

RODCHENKO, Alexander M. (1891–1956). Co-founder of Constructivism. Painter, designer, photographer. Designed titles for Vertov and numerous film posters.

ROKOTOV, T. Not traced.

ROOM, Abram M. (1894–1976). Director and scriptwriter. Joined Meyerhold’s Theatre of the Revolution 1923; switched to cinema 1924. Films: What is MOS Saying – That’s the Question and The Hunt for Home Brew 1924; The Bay of Death, Krasnaya Presnya and The Traitor 1926; Bed and Sofa (Third Meshchanskaya) and Potholes 1927; The Ghost That Never Returns 1929; Manometer No. 1 1930; Manometer No. 2 and The Plan For Great Works 1931; A Severe Young Man 1934; Fifth Squadron 1939; The Wind from the East 1940; Invasion 1944; In the Mountains of Yugoslavia 1946; The Court of Honour 1948; The School for Scandal 1952; The Silvery Dust 1953; The Heart Beats Again 1956; The Garnet Bracelet 1964; Late Blossoms 1970; A Man Before His Time 1972.

ROSHAL, Grigori L. (1899–1983). Director. Studied with Meyerhold. Films include: The Skotinin Gentlemen 1927; His Excellency and The Salamander 1928; Two Women 1929; The Man from the Provinces 1930; Petersburg Nights 1934; Dawns of Paris 1936; The Oppenheim Family 1938; In Search of Joy 1939; The Artamonov Affair 1941; The Song of Abai 1945; Academician Ivan Pavlov 1949; Musorgsky 1950; Rimsky-Korsakov 1952; Freebooters and The Sisters 1957; The Eighteenth Year 1958; A Gloomy Morning 1959; The Court of Madmen 1961; A Year Like Life 1966; They Live Next Door 1968.

RZHESHEVSKY, Alexander G. (1903–67). Scriptwriter; actor for Sevzapkino 1924–6. Scripts include: Entry to the Town is Forbidden 1928; The Lame Gentleman 1929; A Simple Case 1930; The 26 Commissars 1932; Bezhin Meadow 1934–6.

SHCHEGOLEV, Pavel E. (1877–1931). Writer, historian of Decembrist movement and biographer of Pushkin, Griboyedov and Lermantov. Scripts include: The Palace and the Fortress 1923; January the Ninth 1925 and The Decembrists 1926.

SHCHUKIN, Boris V. (1894–1939). Actor, pupil of Vakhtangov. Films: Pilots 1935; The Generation of Victors 1936; Lenin in October 1937; Lenin in 1918 1939.

SHENGELAYA, Nikolai M. (1903–43). Director of Georgian origin. Films include: Eliso 1929; The 26 Commissars 1933; Virgin Soil Upturned 1933–4 (unfinished); The Golden Valley 1937; The Homeland 1940; In the Black Mountains 1941.

SHKLOVSKY, Viktor B. (1893–1984). Author, critic, theoretician and scriptwriter. Lived abroad 1922–3. Scripts include: The Bay of Death, The Wings of a Serf, By the Law, The Traitor, titles for The Prostitute 1926; Bed and Sofa, Potholes, The House on Trubnaya co-s 1927; Two Armoured Cars co-s, Ivan and Maria co-s, Cossacks co-s, The Ice House co-s and The Gadfly co-s 1928; The Latest Attraction 1929; The American Woman co-s and Very Simply co-s 1930; titles for Golden Hands, The Horizon co-s, The House of the Dead 1932; dialogues for Life 1933; The Three Bears 1937; Alisher Navoi co-s 1947; The Distant Bride 1948; Chuk and Gek 1953; Dokhunda 1956; The Cossacks 1961; Three Fat Men 1963; The Tale of the Golden Cockerel 1967; The Ballad of Bering co-s 1970. Books include: Literature and Cinema 1923; The Third Factory 1926; Motalka and Their Present: Kuleshov, Vertov, Eisenstein 1927; The Hamburg Account 1928; Mayakovsky and His Circle 1940; For 40 Years 1965; Once Upon A Time 1966; Eisenstein 1973.

SHORIN, Alexander F. (1890–1941). Engineer and inventor. Developed Soviet system of mechanical sound film recording.

SHOSTAKOVICH, Dmitri D. (1906–75). Composer. Film music includes: New Babylon 1929; Alone and The Golden Mountains 1931; Counterplan 1932; The Youth of Maxim 1934; The Girlfriends 1935; The Return of Maxim 1937; A Great Citizen 1937–9; The Vyborg Side 1938; The Young Guard 1938; Michurin and Meeting on the Elbe 1939; The Fall of Berlin 1950; The Gadfly 1955; The First Echelon 1956; Hamlet 1964; A Year Like Life 1966; October 1967; King Lear 1971.

SHUB, Esfir I. (1894–1959). Compilation film maker and editor. Films: The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty, The Great Way 1927; Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II 1928; Today 1930; K.Sh.E. 1932; Moscow Builds the Metro 1934; The Land of the Soviets 1937; Spain 1939; Twenty Years of Soviet Cinema co-d 1940; Fascism Will Be Destroyed 1941; Our Native Land 1942; Judgement at Smolensk 1946; Beyond Araks 1947.

SHUMYATSKY, Boris Z. (1886–1938). Party activist and administrator. Head of Soviet film industry (Soyuzkino, GUK, GUKF) 1930-January 1938.

SHUTKO, Kirill I. (?–1941). Old Bolshevik Member of Party Central Committee; 1923 Secretary of Goskino; 1924 Chairman of Kinopechat, the cinema publishing house and Deputy Chairman of Cinema Committee of Glavpolitprosvet; 1927 Editor of Kino; 1928 Head of film section of Soviet trade delegation in Paris; 1929 Head of Kulturfilm studio; 1930–4 Head of Central Committee Kultprop film section. Husband of Nina Agadzhanova-Shutko.

SHVEDCHIKOV, Konstantin. (Dates unknown.) Chairman of Sovkino Board of Directors 1925–30; Deputy Chairman of Soyuzkino 1930–2.

SLAVIN, Lev I. (1896–1984). Dramatist and scriptwriter. Scripts include: A Son of Mongolia 1935/6; The Return of Maxim 1937.

SOKOLOV, Ippolit V. (1902–73). Film critic and teacher. 1927–8 editor at Sovkino, 1933–4 editor at Mezhrabpomfilm. Compiled two-volume collection of documents on history of Soviet sound cinema 1946.

STAKHANOV, Alexei G. (1905–77). Miner from the Donbass whose overfulfilment of production targets was held up as an example for others, hence ‘Stakhanovism’.

STANISLAVSKY, Konstantin S. (1863–1938). Leading Russian theatre director and co-founder of Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. First produced Chekhov’s major plays. Associated with naturalistic school of acting and his own ‘System’ of training actors.

SVILOVA, Elizaveta I. (1900–76). Assistant to and wife of Vertov. Documentary film maker; editor at Goskino 1922–4, assistant director at Mezhrabpomfilm VUFKU 1924–7, newsreel director 1936.

TAGER, Pavel G. (1903–71). Engineer and inventor. Developed Soviet system of optical sound recording used in first Soviet sound feature The Path to Life 1931.

TAIROV, Alexander Ya. (1885–1950). Russian theatre director, co-founder of Moscow Kamerny Theatre and apostle of ‘neo-realism’ in theatre. Husband of Alisa Koonen.

TISSE, Eduard K. (1897–1961). Cameraman of Latvian origin associated with Eisenstein. Worked on newsreels in First World War and Civil War. Films include: Hammer and Sickle 1921; Jewish Luck and The Strike 1925; The Battleship Potemkin 1926; October 1921; The Old and The New 1929; Que Viva México! 1932 (unfinished); Aerograd 1935; Bezhin Meadow 1935–7 (unfinished); The Land of the Soviets 1937; Alexander Nevsky 1938; Ivan the Terrible 1944–5; In the Mountains of Yugoslavia 1946; Meeting on the Elbe 1949; The Composer Glinka 1952; The Silvery Dust 1953; The Immortal Garrison 1956.

TOLSTOY, Alexei N. (1883–1945). Writer. Scripts include: Peter the First 1937–8. Films also made of his The Lame Gentleman, Aelita, etc.

TRAININ, Ilya P. (1887–1949). Head of First Moscow film studio and member of Sovkino board of directors.

TRAUBERG, Ilya Z. (1905–48). Director, scriptwriter and critic. Films include: Leningrad Today 1927;By a Violent Way 1928;The Blue Express 1929;Work Will Be Found For You 1932;A Private Case 1934;A Son of Mongolia 1936;The Year 1919 1938;We Await You with Victory and Concert Waltz 1941;Spiders 1942.Books include: William S. Hart 1926; D. W. Griffith 1926;The Actor in American Cinema 1927.

TRAUBERG, Leonid Z. (1902–90). Director. Co-founder of FEKS and co-director of all films with Grigori Kozintsev until Simple People. Sole director:The Actress 1943;Soldiers Were Marching 1958; Dead Souls 1960. Books include: When the Stars Were Young 1976;The Film Begins 1977;D. W. Griffith 1981;The World Inside Out 1984.

TRETYAKOV, Sergei M. (1892–1939). Playwright, poet and essayist, associated with Lef and Meyerhold. Chairman of Artistic Council of first Goskino studio 1925. Plays include: Roar, China!, Enough Simplicity for Every Wise Man, Can You Hear Me, Moscow? and Gas Masks. Scripts include: Eliso 1928; Salt for Svanetia 1930.

TROTSKY, Lev D. (1879–1940). Bolshevik leader; organised October 1917 coup; People’s Commissar for War 1918–25 and organiser of Red Army. Rivalry with Stalin led to exile, expulsion and ultimately his murder. Writings include:Literature and Revolution 1923;Problems of Everyday Life 1924.

TURIN, Viktor A. (1895–1945). Director. Lived in USA and worked in Hollywood 1912–22. Films include:The Slogans of October 1922;The Battle of the Giants 1924;The Provocateur 1928;Turksib 1929;Men of Baku 1938.

TYNYANOV, Yuri N. (1894–1943). Author, critic, theoretician and scriptwriter. Scripts include: The Overcoat 1926;SVD 1927;Lieutenant Kizhe 1934.

VACHNADZE, Nato (1904–53). Georgian actress. Films include:The Rider from the Wild West 1925;The Living Corpse and The Gadfly 1928;The Last Masquerade 1934;The Golden Valley 1937;The Homeland 1940.

VASILIEV, Georgi N. (1899–1946) and Sergei D. (1900–59). So called ‘Vasiliev brothers’. Directors and scriptwriters. Films include: Feat on the Ice 1928;The Sleeping Beauty 1930;A Personal Matter 1932;Chapayev 1934;The Volochayevsk Days 1937;The Defence of Tsaritsyn 1942;The Front 1943.

VERTOV, Dziga (pseudonym of Denis A. Kaufman) (1896–1954). Documentary film-maker and theorist. Founder of the Cine-Eyes. Films include numerous newsreels and: The Anniversary of the Revolution 1919;The Agit-Train 1921; The History of the Civil War 1922; The Cine-Eye 1924;Forward, Soviet! and A Sixth Part of the World 1926;The Eleventh Year 1928;The Man with the Movie Camera 1929;The Donbass Symphony (Enthusiasm) 1930;Three Songs of Lenin 1934;Sergo Ordzhonikidze (with Bliokh)Lullaby 1937;Three Heroines 1938;Blood for Blood, Death for Death and In the Firing Line 1941;In the Ala-Tau Mountains and The Oath of the Young 1944.

VINOGRADSKAYA, Katerina N. (1905–73). Scripts include: A Fragment of Empire (with Ermler) 1929;The Party Card 1936;A Member of the Government 1939.

VISHNEVSKY, Vsevolod V. (1900–51). Writer and dramatist. Scripts include: We from Kronstadt 1936; Victory (completed after Zarkhi’s death) 1938;Spain 1939;The Unforgettable Year 1919 1950.

YAKOVLEV, Nikolai K. (1869–1950). Actor.

YAKOVLEV, Yakov A. (1896–1939). Party activist; member of Mantsev Commission 1923–4; author of article ‘On Proletarian Culture and Proletkult’ in: Problems of Culture under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat 1925.

YUKOV, Konstantin Yu. (Dates unknown). Member of ARRK board and editorial board of Kino i kul’tura. Awarded Order of Red Banner 1935.

YUTKEVICH, Sergei I. (1904–85). Soviet film director, teacher and film historian. Founder-member of FEKS and associate of Eisenstein, Mayakovsky and Meyerhold. Films: Give Us Radio! 1925; Lace 1928; The Black Sail 1929; The Golden Mountains 1931; Counterplan 1932; Ankara – Heart of Turkey 1934; The Miners 1937; The Man with the Gun 1938; Yakov Sverdlov 1940; The New Adventures of Schweik 1943; Dmitri Donskoi 1944; France Liberated, Hello Moscow!, Our Country’s Youth 1946; Light Over Russia 1947; Three Encounters co-d 1948; Przhevalsky 1951; Skanderbeg 1954; Othello 1956; Stories about Lenin 1958; Encounter with France 1960; The Bath-House co-d 1962; Lenin in Poland 1966; Theme for a Short Story 1969; Mayakovsky Laughs co-d 1976; Lenin in Paris 1982.

ZARKHI, Alexander G. (b. 1908). Director and scriptwriter, closely associated with Iosif Kheifits.

ZARKHI, Natan A. (1900–35). Scriptwriter. Scripts include: The Mother 1926; Bulat-Batyr, The End of St Petersburg and A Woman’s Victory 1927; Cities and Years 1930; The Bomber 1932; Victory (completed by Vishnevsky) 1938. Killed in a car crash.