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| − | == Predecessors ==
| + | #REDIRECT [[Hungary]] |
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| − | == Experimental film, avantgarde film ==
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| − | == Interactive environments and installations ==
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| − | == Computer and computer-aided art ==
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| − | == Video art ==
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| − | ; Equipment, industry
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| − | * in 1976/77 equipment becomes relatively more accessible, as several cultural houses, universities, and later the Béla Balázs Studio acquire such equipment as: B/W open-reel tape and 1/2-inch Sony or Akai recorders.
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| − | * scene since mid-1980s
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| − | * 1977/79, a "video team" commences operation within the [[Balázs Béla Studio]].
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| − | * 1980/81, Artists receive access to video equipment for individual projects (only a small number of these works remain). Newspaper articles and reports are published describing the emergence and recognition in the early eighties of the Hungarian video-cassette 'black market'. Thus, the broader public becomes 'familiar' with video.
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| − | * 1982 In addition to several non-professional film clubs, the Társulás Stúdió handles video.
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| − | * 1984 At the end of the year, MAFILM and the Béla Balázs Studio acquire professional video equipment, which essentially allows the initiation of professional Hungarian video work.
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| − | * 1989, With the introduction of the satellite in Hungary and with the spread of satellite dishes, the video-clip culture virtually booms in Hungary. The mass-production of video-clips in Hungary begins.
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| − | ; Artists, works, projects
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| − | * [[Gábor Bódy]]. The lecture by Gábor Bódy entitled ''Infinite Mirror-Tube'' is presented at the Tihany Semiotics Congress. This lecture is connected to the last part of his 35mm film entitled ''Four Bagatelles'', which can also be considered as the first Hungarian video piece. (Bódy presents a more detailed version of this lecture, ''Infinite Image and Reflection Total Expanded Cinema'', in Edinburgh in 1978.) In 1976 the first Hungarian computer film ''Psychocosmoses'' (also on 35mm film). Television play ''Soldiers'' (1978), television play ''Chalk Circle'' (1978). 1985 Bódy finishes several works (abroad) and commences a number of works in Hungary which, owing to his sudden death, have not been completed.
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| − | * [[Károly Halász]], ''Modulated TV'', photo-action, 1972, serial work
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| − | * [[Tibor Hajas]], ''The Guest'', ''The Jewels of Darkness''
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| − | * [[László Najmányi]] and [[Gergely Molnár]], ''Ezra Pound'', ''Flammarion Kamill'', ''David Bowie in Budapest''
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| − | * The Mozgókép Innovációs Társulás (Innovational Moving Picture Association) is established under the direction of [[István Dárday]].
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| − | * [[István Dárday]] and [[Györgyi Szalay]], ''Video on Video'', 1988.
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| − | * 1990, ''Private Hungary'' a video by [[Péter Forgács]], is awarded the Grand Prize of the Worldwide Video Festival, The Hague, and a significant prize is also awarded to [[András Wahorn]]'s work, ''Eastern European Living Animals'', at the Sydney Video Festival.
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| − | ; Video magazines, video/books
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| − | * INFERMENTAL (the first international video magazine), draft in 1980/81, the first issue realised by Gábor Bódy in 1982. To date there are 10 issues of INFERMENTAL, excluding the special issues. III edited by László Beke and Péter Forgács, 1984.
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| − | * ''Axis'', a video/book by Gábor Bódy and [[Veruschka Bódy]], published by Dumont, 1986
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| − | * 1987, Several attempts are made at establishing video magazines in printed or cassette form, such as the ''Alternative Video Anthology'' edited by Tibor Miltényi in Budapest (only four editions), whose analogue, ''p'Art'', is edited in Paris, and which has released eight issues up until January, 1990.
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| − | * Spring 1987, the first independent video journal, Fekete Doboz (Black Box) magazine, is instituted. 1989, the activity of Black Box is unequivocally the most significant video venture, due to its political approach which fosters popularity, in the same way as does the most important media event of the year, the televised Romanian Revolution - linked to the political changes.
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| − | ; Events
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| − | * In 1977 the first international video art program is presented by Peter Weibel in Budapest at the Ganz Cultural House. A publication is produced for this occasion, which includes texts by László Beke, Tibor Hajas, László Najmányi and Dóra Maurer. (The texts are republished in 1988 by the Kossuth Cinema entitled, Video Art.)
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| − | * 1980/81 Gábor Bódy institutes the MAFILM K* (experimental) Section, which organises a large-scale [[hair and make-up]] festival the following year.
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| − | * 1983, The First Hungarian Video Festival and Symposium is organised in Nyíregyháza, this national convention subsequently held several times since then
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| − | * 1985 23 May, Kossuth Klub,Presentation of the special North-Rhein-Westphalia (Germany) edition of the INFERMENTAL international video magazine.
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| − | * 26-27 September 1985, Kossuth Klub, [[Parallel Screenings]], The European Media Art Network is presented simultaneously in eight European cities; the program includes an anthology-like compilation, with a one-hour episode devoted to each city. Gábor Bódy compiles the Budapest component within the framework of the Társulás Stúdió.
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| − | * In Autumn 1985, Hungarian material, realised within the Béla Balázs Studio framework, is presented at the Stockholm Video Festival. László Beke presents a lecture encompassing Hungarian developments in video. This is the first survey, published in Hungarian in 1987 in the volume, ''Video Alfa''.
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| − | * 25-27 October 1985, Nyíregyháza, Second Hungarian National Video Festival and Symposium.
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| − | * 4-5 June 1986, Hungarian National Gallery, screenings of the videos of EMAN (European Median Art Network), 4 June: Montevideo, Amsterdam; Videografia, Barcelona; Infermental, Berlin; LVA, London; 5 June: FRIGO, Lyon; Softvideo, Rome; K-videó (K-Section, the experimental department of MAFILM: the Hungarian Film Factory) group Budapest
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| − | * 29 August 1986, Mûcsarnok/Kunsthalle - Chamber, The TIT Artistic Section of Budapest and the Mûcsarnok/Kunsthalle present the 5th (Rotterdam) Edition of the INFERMENTAL international video magazine.
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| − | * 19 January -18 February 1987, Ernst Museum, The nine video works made by Bódy abroad between 1982 and 1985 are presented in a retrospective exhibition, within an installation realised by Gábor Bachman, and are shown for the first time in Hungary.
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| − | * 26-27 January 1987, Kossuth Klub, Presentation of the 4th Edition (1985, Lyon) INFERMENTAL international video magazine, edited by FRIGO.
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| − | * 27 January 1987, Kassák Klub, Hejettes Szomjazók (Substitute Thirsters): Cave Survey; Gábor Tóth: Performances on video; Presentation of the new video magazine, VIDEA (András Réz, Gábor Tóth)
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| − | * 26 March 1987, Mûcsarnok/Kunsthalle, Presentation of Cassette I. of the Alternativ video-anthology.
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| − | * 10 April 1987, Kossuth Klub, Presentation of INFERMENTAL VI. (Vancouver, Canada). Editors: Vera Bódy and Hank Bull. Chapters: Satellite Control, Poetical Oeconomy, Telepathic Music, Fractal Grammar, Myxology
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| − | * 27 May 1987, Mûcsarnok/Kunsthalle, Genre Experiments, Media Research. Editors: Vera Bódy and Hank Bull. Presentation of Cassette II. of the Alternatív video-anthology.
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| − | * 22 October 1987, Mûcsarnok/Kunsthalle, Miklós Peternák - János Sugár: "Actual Closed-Circuit": Film Utopias III.
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| − | * 19-22 November 1987, Nyíregyháza, Third Hungarian National Video Festival and Symposium.
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| − | * 1988, The Hungarian Television premieres the program, ''Video World'', which at the beginning includes thematic programs dealing with video, and gradually covers the developments of Hungarian and international video art.
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| − | * 1988, Numerous cinemas present videos, and video screening rooms within cinemas are established.
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| − | * 1988, 18 February, Szkéné Theater, Presentation of the video opera by Gábor Litván - János Sugár: The Immortal Culprits.
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| − | * 28 November 1988, Almássy tér Culture House, Hungarian presentation of INFERMENTAL VIII.
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| − | * 29 November - 2 December 1988, Kossuth Cinema, ''Video Art, International Panorama''. 29 November: Selection from the video works of Gábor Bódy. 30 November: Selection of video works from West Germany. Zeittransgraphie (Compilation of works by the students of Martin Potthoff at the Berlin Film Academy, based on an idea of Gábor Bódy.); E.M.A.N. (European Media Art Network), K-videó group, Budapest, 1985, Társulás Studio, compiled by Gábor Bódy. 1 December: Selection of video work from Japan. 2 December: FRIGO (Lyon), French video work.
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| − | * 1989, Hungarian video works, complied by the Béla Balázs Studio, are presented at several Western and Eastern European festivals. Additionally, international video works are now more regularly screened in Hungary.
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| − | * 6-10 September 1989, Szigetvár, RETINA '89, First International Film and Video Festival. (Thereafter, a biennial festival.)
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| − | * 22-23 May 1989, ELTE (Lóránd Eötvös University of Sciences) Faculty Club, Videocommunication, professional presentation and symposium. The theme of the discussion was the Hungarian situation of higher educational training in video. Participants: Hungarian Academy of Drama and Film, Hungarian Academy of Applied Arts, MTESZ-OPAKFI, Lóránd Eötvös University of Sciences.
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| − | * 1990, The installation exhibition Distance is held at the Hungarian Academy of Fine Arts, presenting works by Tamás Komoróczky, Csaba Nemes, Attila Szûcs and Zsolt Veress.
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| − | * 11-15 April 1990, Nyíregyháza, Fourth Hungarian National Video Festival. From the invitation: "Aims of the events: - assuring the possibility for the new communications equipment of our age, popularizing video; - presentation of the current state of domestic video, changes ensuing since the previous Festival, appraisal of development; - transmission and exchange of new information in video theory and practice, creation of the possibility for acquaintance and consultation for professionals. // We announced the following categories for competition of works produced 1987-90 in the proposed programme of the IV. Hungarian Video Festival: I. Programmes assisting Production, Education and Culture. II. Community and Public Life video programmes (cable TV, etc.). III. Video Art programmes (video art, experimental video). IV. Information and advertising programmes. V. Entertainment programmes. VI. Private videóprogrammes."
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| − | * 16 July 1989, Balázs Béla Studio, Péter Forgács' ''Mr. N.'s Diary''
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| − | ; Education
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| − | * 1976/77 ''independent art course'' is conducted by [[Miklós Erdély]] and [[Dóra Maurer]], at the Ganz Cultural House Budapest, in which the participants have access to video.
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| − | * 1986 In addition to the experimental establishment of a [[Media Design MOME Budapest|video course]] at the Hungarian Academy of Applied Arts, a postgraduate video department is established at the Loránd Eötvös University of Art and Sciences (ELTE). The earlier video courses are supplemented by university level video education.
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| − | * 1989, The Academy of Applied Arts graduates its first class in video.
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| − | * 1990, [[Intermedia MKE Budapest|The Intermedia Department]] is established at the Hungarian Academy of Fine Arts, in which video training plays a role.
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| − | ; Resources
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| − | * [[C3]]: History and archive of video art in Hungary 1972-2000, project dir Seres and Peternák [http://www.c3.hu/collection/videomuveszet/indexen.html]
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| − | * dictionary entries (in Hungarian): [http://www.artportal.hu/index.php?mc=2&sc=3&szocikk=66] [http://www.artportal.hu/index.php?mc=2&sc=3&szocikk=67]
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| − | ; Bibliography
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| − | * Bálint Szombathy, Video Art in the Mid-Seventies (Új Symposion, No.128, 1975)
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| − | * György Somogyi, Video-Visions (Mûvészet, 1977 Yearbook)
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| − | * Gábor Bódy, Creative Thinking Device, film journal Filmvilág, 1982
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| − | * The World of Video, first comprehensive collection of translated articles covering the field of video, providing information about the international developments of almost twenty years of video art and video theory, 1983
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| − | * Miklós Peternák: Data Toward the Study of the History of Hungarian Video Art. SVB VOCE, Budapest, Soros Foundation/Soros Center for Contemporary Arts (SCCA) - Mûcsarnok/Kunsthalle, 1991 [http://www.c3.hu/collection/videomuveszet/chronology.html]
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| − | == Electroacoustic and experimental music, sound art ==
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| − | == Media theory ==
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| − | == 1990s - 2000s==
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| − | * [[Budapest]], [[Szeged]], [[Győr]], [[Pécs]], [[Miskolc]]
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| − | * video art 1991-2000, http://www.c3.hu/collection/videomuveszet/chronology.html
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| − | == Other bibliography ==
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| − | *[[Nina Czegledy]] "Media Art: The Hungarian Model" ''CIAC's Electronic Art Magazine'' 12 (2001) [http://www.ciac.ca/magazine/archives/no_12/en/site.html]
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| − | * Andrew J Horton, "Avant-garde Film and Video in Hungary" ''Central European Review'' (October 1998) [http://www.ce-review.org/kinoeye/kinoeye4old.html] (English)
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| − | * Art Portal - database of artists [http://www.artportal.hu/international/english/list/]
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| − | * Miklós Peternák, The Influence of Conceptual Art within Hungary, 1997 [http://www.c3.hu/collection/concept/index0.html]
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