Audiovisual tools and instruments
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- The Optophonic Piano, Vladimir Rossiné, Soviet Union 1916 [1]
- The Theremin, Leon Termen, Soviet Union 1917 [2]
- 1920 Lev (Leon) Theremin, Russia, invented the Aetherophone (later called the Theremin or Thereminovox). The instrument used 2 vacuum tube oscillators to produce beat notes. Musical sounds were created by "heterodyning" from oscillators which varied pitch. A circuit was altered by changing the distance between 2 elements. The instrument had a radio antenna to control dynamics and a rod sticking out the side that controlled pitch. The performer would move his/her hand along the rod to change pitch, while simultaneously moving his/her other hand in proximity to the antenna. Many composers used this instrument including Varese.
- 1957 Warsaw at Polish Radio, an electronic studio established.
- The Rhythmicon, Henry Cowell & Leon Termen, USA 1930 [3]
- The Terpsitone, Leon Termen, USA/USSR 1930 [4]
- The Theremin Cello, Leon Termen, USA 1930 [5]
- The Sonar, N.Anan'yev, Soviet Union, c1930 [6]
- The "Ekvodin", V.A.Gurov, Soviet Union, 1931 [7]
- The Variophone, Yevgeny Sholpo, Soviet Union, 1932 [8]
- The Emiriton, A.Ivanov & A.Rimsky-Korsakov, Soviet Union, 1932 [9]
- The ANS Synthesiser, Eugeniy Murzin, Soviet Union 1958 [10]
Resources
- 120 Years of Electronic Music. Electronic Musical Instrument 1870 - 1990, http://www.obsolete.com/120_years/nav.html