Alexander Bogdanov

Bogdanov in 1904.
Born	August 22, 1873(1873-08-22) Sokółka, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire (now Poland)
Died	April 7, 1928(1928-04-07) (aged 54) Moscow, Soviet Union

Bogdanov playing chess with Lenin during a visit to Gorky on Capri, Italy, April 1908.

Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov (Александр Александрович Богданов; born Alyaksandr Malinovsky, Belarusian: Алякса́ндр Алякса́ндравіч Маліно́ўскі) was a physician (psychiatrist), philosopher, utopian fiction writer, economist, culture theorist, and revolutionary of Belarusian ethnicity.

The polymath Bogdanov received training in medicine and psychiatry. His scientific interests ranged from the universal systems theory to the possibility of human rejuvenation through blood transfusion. He invented an original philosophy called tektology, now regarded as a forerunner of systems theory.

He was a key figure in the early history of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, joining it in 1896 but expelled in 1909 after leading the ultra-left, boycottist (or ultimatist) tendency. He maintained that the party could only work through illegal organizations (due to the suppression of political parties during this period).

After 1911, he drifted from political activism to writing on philosophy, culture, and economics. Served as an Army doctor in WWI. He did not rejoin the Party, but after the October Revolution, he founded, together with Lunacharsky, the organisation Proletkult, which attracted a membership of some 400,000 during 1917-21. After 1921, he left politics and turned increasingly to scientific-medical work while remaining a widely respected figure of Old Bolshevism. He was a member of the Socialist Academy, where he gave lectures, and in 1926 he founded the first Institute of Blood Transfusion. He died in 1928 while experimenting with blood transfusions. [1]

Bibliography

By Bogdanov

(in Russian unless noted)

Non-fiction

A Short Course of Economics Science [1897], 1923. Download.

Tektologiya, Tom 1, 1913/1989. Download, Tom 2.

Essays in Tektology, 1980. Download.

Essays in Tektology, 2nd ed., 1984. Download.

Bogdanov’s Tektology, Book 1, 1996. Download.

Books and Pamphlets

• Kratkiy kurs ekonomicheskoy nauki [Краткий курс экономической науки], Moscow: A. Murinovoy, 1897, 290 pp; 2nd ed., St. Petersburg: Dorovatovskiy and Charushnikov, 1899, 290 pp; 6th ed., Moscow, 1905, 294 pp; 10th ed., Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920, 318 pp; 15th ed., Moscow: Gosizdat, 1924, 364 pp.
  • Krotki wykled economji politycznej, Warsaw: Biblioteka Naukowa, 1905, 414 pp. (in Polish)
  • Zarys nauki economji politycznej trans. J.W. David (of 6th ed.), Warsaw: Raabe, 1906, 282 pp. (in Polish)
  • Lühikene majandusteaduse õpetus, Tartu: Noor-Eesti, 1907, 392 pp. (in Estonian)
  • Armenian trans., Tiflis, 1907, 368 pp.
  • Gruzinian trans., Tiflis: Alioni, 1909, 557 pp.
  • Taloustieteen oppikirja, trans. Leo Laukki, Hancock, Mich.: Työmies Kustannusyhtiö, 1914. (in Finnish)
  • A Short Course of Economics Science, trans. J. Fineberg, ed. S.M. Dvolaitsky, London: Communist Party of Great Britain, 1923; Revised ed., 1925. (in English)
  • Kazakh trans., Orenburg: Kirgiz-gosi'dat, 1924, 316 pp.
• Osnovnyye elementy istoricheskogo vzglyada na prirodu [Основные элементы исторического взгляда на природу], St. Petersburg: Izdatelj, 1899, 261 pp.
• Poznanie s istoricheskoi tochki zreniya [Познание с исторической точки зрения; Knowledge from a Historical Viewpoint], St. Petersburg, 1901, 217 pp. Self-published.
• Iz psikhologii obshchestva (Stat'i 1901—1904 gg) [Из психологии общества (Статьи 1901—1904 гг.)], St. Petersburg: Dorovatovskiy and Charushnikov, 1904, 215 pp; 2nd ed., St. Petersburg, 1906.
• Liberaly i sotsialisty [Либералы и социалисты], Geneva: RSDRP, 1904, 31 pp; 2nd ed., St. Petersburg: Luch, 21 pp.
• as Ryadovoy (Рядовой), Liberal'nyye programmy [Либеральные программы], Geneva: RSDRP, 1904, 28 pp.
• as Ryadovoy (Рядовой), with M.S. Olminski (as Galerka), Nashi nedorazumeniya [Наши недоразумения], Geneva: RSDRP, 1904, 91 pp.
• Empiriomonizm: stat'i po filosofii [Эмпириомонизм: статьи по философии; Empiriomonism: Articles on Philosophy], 3 Vols, Moscow: S. Dorovatovskiy and A. Charushnikov, 1904-06, 184+169+159 pp. Employed the theories of Wilhelm Ostwald, Ernst Mach and Richard Avenarius as part of an effort to fill in the gaps in Marxism.
• Kuda idet razvitiye obshchestva [Куда идет развитие общества], St. Petersburg: Molot, 1905, 16 pp.
• Liberalizm i demokratizm [Либерализм и демократизм], Moscow: Kolokol, 1905, 31 pp.
• Novyy mir (Stat'i 1904-1905), Moscow: S. Dorovatovskiy and A. Charushnikov, 1905.
• Chto takoye liberaly? [Что такое либералы?], Odessa: E.M. Alekseev, 1906, 22 pp; St. Petersburg: Vpered, 1907, 28 pp.
• Priklyucheniya odnoy filosofskoy shkoly [Приключения одной философской школы], St. Petersburg: Znanie, 1908, 66 pp.
• Padeniye velikogo fetishizma. Vera i nauka [Падение великого фетишизма. Вера и наука], St. Petersburg: Dorovatovskiy and Charushnikov, 1910, 223 pp.
• with N.M. Stepanov, Kurs politicheskoy ekonomii [Курс политической экономии], 2 Vols, St. Petersburg, Moscow and Prague, 1910-19. Vol 1, St. Petersburg: Znanie, 1910; Vol 1, Moscow: Mosk. sovet revolyuts. i krasn.-arm. deputatov, 1918, 351 pp; Vol 2, Moscow and Leningrad: Kommunist, 1920, 218 pp; Vol 2, 2nd ed., Moscow and Leningrad: Kommunist, 1919, 212 pp; Vol 2, 4th ed., Moscow and Leningrad: Kommunist, 1919, 208 pp.
  • Poliṭishe eḳonomye 1 [פאליטישע עקאנאמיע], New York: Farlag Heim, 1920. (in Yiddish)
  • Poliṭishe eḳonomye 2 [פאליטישע עקאנאמיע], New York: Farlag Heim, 1920. (in Yiddish)
  • Economia politica. Curso popular, Madrid, 1931. (in Spanish)
  • Curso popular de economía política, Barcelona: Marxista, 1937. (in Spanish)
  • Politische Economie, Varsovie, 1935. (in German)
• Kul'turnye zadachi nashego vremeni [Культурные задачи нашего времени; The Cultural Tasks of Our Time], Moscow: S. Dorovatovskiy and A. Charushnikov, 1911, 92 pp.
• Vseobschaya organizatsionnaya nauka (Tektologiya) [Всеобщая организационная наука (Тектология); The Universal Science of Organization (Tektology)], Vol. 1, St. Petersburg: Semenov, 1913, 255 pp.
• Filosofiya zhivogo opyta: populiarnye ocherki [Философия живого опыта: Популярные очерки: Материализм, эмпириокритицизм, диалектический материализм, эмпириомонизм, наука будущего; Philosophy of Living Experience: Popular Essays], St. Petersburg: M.I. Semenov, 1913, 272 pp; 2nd ed., Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920, 256 pp; 3rd ed., 1923, 347 pp.
• Mezhdu chelovekom i mashinoy (O sisteme Teylora) [Между человеком и машиной (О системе Тэйлора)], St. Petersburg: Priboy, 1913, 13 pp; 2nd ed., Moscow: Volna, 1918, 15 pp.
  • Armenian trans., Tiflis, 1914, 16 pp.
• Vvedeniye v politicheskuyu ekonomiyu: (V voprosakh i otvetakh) [Введение в политическую экономию: (В вопросах и ответах)], St. Petersburg: Priboy, 1914, 128 pp; 2nd ed., Moscow, 1917, 152 pp, self-published.
  • Poliṭishe eḳonomye: in fragen un enṭferen, New York: Marx Publication Society, 1921. (in Yiddish)
• Nauka ob obshchestvennom soznanii: Kratkiy kurs ideologicheskoy naursi v voprosakh i otvetakh [Наука об общественном сознании: Краткий курс идеологической наурси в вопросах и ответах], Moscow, 1914, 199 pp, Self-published; 2nd ed., Moscow, 1918, 199 pp; 3rd ed., 1923, 313 pp.
• Pamyati velikogo uchitelya K. Marksa [Памяти великого учителя К. Маркса], Tiflis: Nadezhda, 1914, 8 pp.
• Rol' kollektiva v istorii [Роль коллектива в истории], Tiflis: Germes, 1914, 16 pp.
• Vseobschaya organizatsionnaya nauka (Tektologiya) [Всеобщая организационная наука (Тектология)], Vol. 2, Moscow, 1917, 153 pp. Self-published.
• Zadachi rabochikh v revolyutsii [Задачи рабочих в революции], Moscow: Ya.G. Sazonov, 1917, 22 pp; 2nd ed., 1917; 3rd ed., 1917; Penza: Obshchestv, 1917, 30 pp.
• Put' k sotsializmu//Krasnyy podarok soldatu [Путь к социализму//Красный подарок солдату], Moscow: Novaya Rossiya, 1917, 30 pp.
• Voprosy sotsializma [Вопросы социализма], Moscow, 1918, 104 pp, self-published.
• Iskusstvo i rabochiy klass [Искусство и рабочий класс], Moscow: Prolet. kultura, 1918, 79 pp.
  • Die Kunst das Proletariat, Leipzig: Wolgast, 1918. (in German)
  • Armenian trans., Moscow, 1920.
  • La science, l'art et la classe ouvrière, Paris: Maspero, 1977. (in French)
• as N. Verner (Н. Вернер), Kuda idet razvitiye obshchestva [Куда идет развитие общества], Vyatka: Kul'tprosvet otd. Vyat. gub. ispoln. k-ta, 1918, 220 pp.
• Nachal'nyy kurs politicheskoy ekonomii (Vvedeniye v polit, ekonomiyu v vopr. i otvetakh) [Начальный курс политической экономии (Введение в полит, экономию в вопр. и ответах)], Moscow, 1918, 201 pp, self-published; 11th ed., Moscow: Gosizdat, 1924, 136 pp.
  • Tatar trans., Kazanj, 1921.
  • Gruzinian trans. (of 3rd ed.), Kutaisi and Tbilisi: Gosizdat, 1925, 176 pp.
• Stereotipnyye pereizdaniya v sled, gor.: 1918—Kazan', Tashkent; 1920 — Tyumen', Kineshma; 1921 — Khar'kov, Yekaterinoslav; 1923 — Ryazan', Saratov. Novyy mir [Стереотипные переиздания в след], 2nd ed., Moscow: Kommunist, 1918, 119 pp; 3rd ed., Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920, 136 pp.
• Sotsializm nauki [Социализм науки], Moscow: Prolet. kultura, 1918, 104 pp.
• Elementy proletarskoy kul'tury v razvitii rabochego klassa [Элементы пролетарской культуры в развитии рабочего класса], Moscow: Gosizdat, 1920, 96 pp.
• Ocherki vseobshchey organizatsionnoy nauki [Очерки всеобщей организационной науки], Samara: Gosizdat, 1921, 332 pp.
• Nauka i rabochiy klass: Dokl. na konferentsii proletarskikh kul'turno-prosvetitel'nykh obshchestv g. Moskvy [Наука и рабочий класс: Докл. на конференции пролетарских культурно-просветительных обществ г. Москвы], Moscow: Tip. Glavpolitprosveta, 1922, 28, 2 pp.
• Razvitiye obmena: (V voprosakh i otvetakh) [Развитие обмена: (В вопросах и ответах)], Arkhangel'sk: Tip. Arkh. gub. sov. part, shkoly im. V. I. Lenina, 1922, 22 pp.
• Tektologiya: vseobschaya organizatsionnaya nauka [Тектология: Всеобщая организационная наука], 3 Vols (Vols 1-2 in their 2nd ed., Vol 3 in 1st ed.), Berlin, Petrograd and Moscow: Z.I. Grzhebin, 1922, 530 pp; 3rd ed., 1925. Reprint of the 3rd ed. in 2 Vols: Tom 1, Tom 2, Moscow: Ekonomika, 1989, 303+352 pp.
  • Allgemeine Organisationslehre (Tektologie), Bd I, Berlin, 1926; Bd II, Berlin: Hirzel, 1928. (in German)
  • Essays in Tektology, trans. George Gorelik, Seaside, CA: Intersystems Publications, 1980, 265 pp; 2nd ed., 1984. (in English). A condensation of the three volume work.
  • Bogdanov’s Tektology, Book 1, trans. Vadim N. Sadovsky, Andrei Kartashov, Vladimir V. Kelle and Peter Bystrov, ed. Peter Dudley, Hull: Centre for Systems Studies, University of Hull, 1996, 322 pp. (in English). Trans. of the first volume of the 1989 reprint of the 3rd edition (1925).
• Teoriya kapitalizma [Теория капитализма], Moscow: Ispolbyuro studentov FONa 1-go MGU, 1922, 21 pp.
• Nauka pro suspil'nu svidomist [Наука про суспiльну свидомiсть], Kyiv: Derzh. vid. Ukraini, 1923, 153 pp.
• Murg i mangakh [Мург и мангах], 1923, 255 pp.
• O proletarskoy kul'ture: 1904—1924 [О пролетарской культуре: 1904—1924], Leningrad and Moscow: Kniga, 1924, 344 pp.
• God raboty Instituta perelivanya krovi [Annals of the Institute of Blood Transfusion], Moscow, 1926-27.

Collected writings

• La Science, l'art et la classe ouvrière, trans. Blanche Grinbaum, eds. Dominique LeCourt and Henri Deluy, Paris: Maspero, 1977, 295 pp. (in French)
• Voprosy sotsializma: Raboty raznykh let [Вопросы социализма: Работы разных лет], ed. L.I. Abalkin, Moscow: Politizdat, 1990, 479 pp.
• Neizvestnyy Bogdanov [Неизвестный Богданов], 3 Vols, eds. N.S. Antonova and N.V. Drozdova, Moscow: AIRO-XX, 1995. (in Russian) [2]
  • Vol 1, Bogdanov A.A. Stat'i, doklady, pis'ma i vospominaniya 1901-1928 gg [Кн. 1: Богданов А. А. Статьи, доклады, письма и воспоминания 1901-1928 гг]. [3] [4]
  • Vol 2, A.A. Bogdanov i gruppa RSDRP 'Vpered' 1908-1914 gg [Кн. 2: А. А. Богданов и группа РСДРП 'Вперед' 1908-1914 гг].
  • Vol 3, A.A. Bogdanov. Desyatiletiye otlucheniya ot marksizma: Yubileynyy sbornik (1904-1914) [Кн. 3: А. А. Богданов. Десятилетие отлучения от марксизма: Юбилейный сборник (1904-1914)].

Selected articles

• "Avtobiografia", in Entsiklopedicheskii slovar XLI, 1926, pp 29-34. (in Russian)
  • "Autobiographie", in Les bolcheviks par eux-mêmes, eds. Georges Haupt and Jean-Jacques Marie, 1969; repr. in Bogdanov, La science, l’art et la classe ouvrière, trans. Blanche Grinbaum, eds. Dominique Lecourt and Henri Deluy, Paris: Maspero, 1977. (in French)
  • "Autobiography", in Makers of the Russian Revolution: Biographies of Bolshevik Leaders, trans. C.I.P. Ferdinand and D.M. Bellos, eds. Georges Haupt and Jean-Jacques Marie, Cornell University Press, 1974.
• "La science et la classe ouvrière", Culture prolétarienne 2 (July 1918). (in French)
• "The Criticism of Proletarian Art" (from Kritika proletarskogo iskusstva, 1918), Labour Monthly 5:6 (December 1923). (in English)
• "Ocherki organizatsionnoi nauki" [Очерки организационной науки], Proletarskaya kul'tura 7/8 (April-May 1919).
  • Essays in Organisation Science. (in English)
• "Die Wissenschaft und die Arbeiterklasse", 1920. (in German)
• "Proletarian Poetry", Labour Monthly 4:5-6 (May-June 1923). (in English)
• "Religion, Art and Marxism", Labour Monthly 6:8 (August 1924). (in English)
• "The Workers’ Artistic Inheritance", The Labour Monthly 6:9 (September 1924), pp 549-597. (in English)
• Bogdanov's articles published in the journal MIAB, 2000-05.
• "Die Integration des Menschen" (1904, 1924), "Die Tektologie des Kampfes gegen das Alter" (1922), "Der Kampf um die Vitalität" (1927), in Die Neue Menschheit - Biopolitische Utopien in Russland zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts, trans. Dagmar Kassek, eds. Boris Groys and Michael Hagemeister, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2005, pp 482-605. (in German) [5]

Fiction

Krasnaya zvezda, 1908.

Red Star, 1908/1984. Download.

• Krasnaya zvezda [Красная звезда], St. Petersburg, 1908, 156 pp, self-published; Petrograd: Sovet rab. i krasn.-arm. deputatov, 1918, 144 pp; 2nd ed., 1924; 6th ed., Moscow and Leningrad: Kniga, 1924, 159 pp; Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 1929, 192 pp; Moscow: Khudozh. literatura, 1986; Moscow: Pravda, 1989. The second edition includes the poem "A Martian Stranded on Earth" about a Martian who has reached Earth but is unable to return to his native planet. where mankind has attained a superior level of communist civilization. (in Russian)
  • Sarkanā zvaigzne, Riga: Bucens, 1908, 144 pp. (in Latvian)
  • "L'Étoile rouge", trans. W.P., in La Société nouvelle, June 1913-February 1914. (in French)
  • Gruzinian trans., Tbilisi: Gosizdat, 1923.
  • Armenian trans., Erevan: Gosizdat, 1925, 244 pp.
  • Ruga Stelo. Fantasia romano Leipzig, 1929. (in German)
  • Red star. Pre‑Revolutionary Russian Science Fiction, Ann Arbor, MI: Ardis, 1982.
  • Red Star: The First Bolshevik Utopia, trans. Charles Rougle, eds. Loren R. Graham and Richard Stites, Indiana University Press, 1984. Contains also Engineer Menni and "A Martian Stranded on Earth".
  • Der rote Stern. Ein utopischer Roman, trans. Hermynia zur Mühlen, Darmstadt, 1982. (in German)
  • Der rote Planet. Utopischer Roman, trans. Reinhard Fischer, Berlin, 1984. (in German)
  • L’étoile rouge, L'Ingénieur Menni, Lausanne, L'Age d'Homme, 1985. (in French)
  • Der rote Planet. Ingenieur Menni. Utopische Romane, ed. P. Rollberg, Berlin, 1989. (in German)
  • Der rote Planet, undated translation. (in German)
  • Estrella roja, Nevsky Prospects, 2010, 271 pp. (in Spanish) [6]
• Inzhener Menni. Fantasticheskiy roman [Инженер Мэнни. Фантастический роман; Engineer Menni], St. Petersburg: S. Dorovatovskiy and A. Charushnikov, 1912, 150 pp; 2nd ed., Moscow: Volna, 1918, 143 pp; 6th ed., Leningrad: Krasnaya gazeta, 139 pp. The title page carries the date 1913. A historical novel about the social revolution on Mars. (in Russian) [7]

Bibliographies

• Avraham Yassour, "Bogdanov et son œuvre", Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 10:3/4 (1969), pp 546-584. Annotated bibliography. (in French)
• Compiled by the International Alexander Bogdanov Institute.

On Bogdanov

Zenovia A. Sochor, Revolution and Culture: The Bogdanov-Lenin Controversy, 1988. Download.

Monographs

• Dietrich Grille, Lenins Rivale. Bogdanov und seine Philosophie, Cologne: Wissenschaft und Politik, 1966. (in German). Review: Haupt (1967, FR).
• A.A. Belova, A.A. Bogdanov, Moscow: Meditsina, 1974, 60 pp. (in Russian)
• K. M. Jensen, Beyond Marx and Mach: Aleksandr Bogdanov’s Philosophy of Living Experience, Dordrecht, Boston and London: D. Reidel, 1978, 189 pp. Review, Review, Review.
• Gabriele Gorzka, A.Bogdanov und der russische Proletkult. Theorie und Praxis einer sozialistischen Kulturrevolution, Frankfurt: Campus, 1980. (in German)
• Zenovia A. Sochor, Revolution and Culture: The Bogdanov-Lenin Controversy, Cornell University Press, 1988, 258 pp. Review, Review, Review.
• Vittorio Strada, L'Altra Rivoluzione. Gor'kij - Lunacarskij - Bogdanov. La 'Scuola di Capri' e la 'Construzione di Dio' , Capri: La Conchiglia, 1994. (in Italian)
• Peter Dudley, Simona Pustylnik, Reading The Tektology: Provisional Findings, Postulates and Research Directions, Hull: Centre for Systems Studies, University of Hull, 1995.
• John Biggart, Georgii Gloveli, Avraham Yassour, Bogdanov and His Work: A Guide to the Published and Unpublished Works of Alexander A. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) 1873-1928, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998. Review, Review.
• John Biggart, Peter Dudley, Francis King (eds.), Alexander Bogdanov and the Origins of Systems Thinking in Russia. The Proceedings of a Conference at the University of East Anglia, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998, 362 pp. Contents, Review.
• V.N. Yagodinskiy (В. Н. Ягодинский), Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov [Александр Александрович Богданов], Nauka, 2006. (in Russian) [8]
• Maja Soboleva, Aleksandr Bogdanov und der philosophische Diskurs in Russland zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Zur Geschichte des russischen Positivismus, Hildesheim, Zürich, New York: Georg Olms, 2007, 278 pp. (in German)
• Stefan Plaggenborg, Maja Soboleva (eds.), Alexander Bogdanov: Theoretiker für Das 20. Jahrhundert, Munich: Sagner, 2008. (in German). Contents.
• Vesa Oittinen (ed.), Aleksander Bogdanov Revisited, Kikimora Publications, 2009, 329 pp. Contents, [9]
• Robert Camoin, A. A. Bogdanov et l’empiriomonisme. Le Proletkult. La littérature prolétarienne, Smolny, 2009, 256 pp. (in French) [10]
• Nikolai Krementsov, A Martian Stranded on Earth: Alexander Bogdanov, Blood Transfusions, and Proletarian Science, University of Chicago Press, 2011, 192 pp. Excerpt, [11], [12], Review, Review, Review, Review, Review

Journal issues

• Russian Review 49:3 (July 1990), Special Issue on Alexander Bogdanov. [13]
  • John Eric Marot, "Alexander Bogdanov, Vpered, and the Role of the Intellectual in the Workers' Movement", pp 241-264; John Biggart, "Alexander Bogdanov and the Theory of a 'New Class'", pp 265-282; Zenovia A. Sochor, "On Intellectuals and the New Class", pp 283-292; Andrzej S. Walicki, "Alexander Bogdanov and the Problem of the Socialist Intelligentsia", pp 293-304; Aileen M. Kelly, "Red Queen or White Knight? The Ambivalences of Bogdanov", pp 305-315.
  • John Eric Marot, "The Bogdanov Issue: Reply to My Critics", Russian Review 49:4 (October 1990), pp 457-465.
  • Avraham Yassour, "Letter on the Bogdanov Issue", Russian Review 49:4 (October 1990), pp 467-468.

Book chapters, Theses, Papers, Articles and Blog posts

On empiriomonism and Bogdanov's political economy

• V.I. Lenin, "Materialism and Empirio-Criticism: Critical Comments on a Reactionary Philosophy" [1909; 1920], in Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 14, Moscow: Progress, 1972, pp 17-362. A polemic against Bogdanov and others, dealing with the influence of Positivism in the Bolshevik Party. Written during February to October 1908 in Geneva and London. Translated into over 20 languages.
• G. A. Wetter, "Der Empiriomonismus Bogdanows", in Der Dialektische Materialismus, Freiburg, 1953, pp 102-110. (in German)
• Sergei V. Utechin, "Philosophie und Gesellschaft. Alexander Bogdanow", in Der Revisionismus, ed. L. Labedz, Cologne, 1965, pp 149-161. (in German)
• James White, "The First Pravda and the Russian Marxist Tradition", Soviet Studies 26:2 (April 1974), pp 181-204. [14]
• Dominique Lecourt, Henri Deluy, "Introduction", in Bogdanov, La Science, l'art et la classe ouvrière, trans. Blanche Grinbaum, Paris: Maspero, 1977. (in French)
  • "Appendix: Bogdanov, Mirror of the Soviet Intelligentsia", in Proletarian Science? The Case of Lysenko, trans. Ben Brewster, London: New Left Book Club, 1977, pp 137-162. Review.
• James White, "From Karl Marx to Bogdanov", Coexistence 15 (October 1978), pp 187-206.
• Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Volume 2: The Golden Age, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.
• Michael M. Boll, "From Empiriocriticism to Empiriomonism: The Marxist Phenomenology of Aleksandr Bogdanov", The Slavonic and East European Review 59:1 (January 1981), pp 41-58. [15]
• Vittorio Strada, Fede e scienza: la polemica su Materialismo ed empiriocriticismo di Lenin, Torino: Giulio Einaudi, 1982, 267 pp. (in Italian)
• Aileen Kelly, "Empiriocriticism: A Bolshevik Philosophy?", Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 22:1 (1981), pp 89-118.
• Zenovia Sochor, "Soviet Taylorism Revisited", Soviet Studies 33:2 (1981), pp 246-264. [16]
• Avraham Yassour, "The Empiriomonist Critique of Dialectical Materialism: Bogdanov, Plekhanov, Lenin", Studies in Soviet Thought 26 (1983).
• A. A. Belykh, "A Note on the Origins of Input-Output Analysis and the Contribution of the Early Soviet Economists: Chayanov, Bogdanov and Kritsman", Soviet Studies 41:3 (July 1989), pp 426-429.
• A. A. Belykh, "A. A. Bogdanov's Theory of Equilibrium and the Economic Discussions of the 1920s", Soviet Studies 42:3 (1990).
• Daniela Steila, Scienza e rivoluzione. La recezione dell'empiriocriticismo nella cultura russa (1877-1910), Firenze: Le Lettere, 1996. (in Italian)
• Maja Soboleva, "Wirtschaftliche Ideen Aleksandr Bogdanovs", 2008. (in German)
• Daniela Steila, "Die Idee der Wissenschaft bei Bogdanov und den russischen Positivisten", in Alexander Bogdanov: Theoretiker für Das 20. Jahrhundert, eds. Stefan Plaggenborg and Maja Soboleva, Munich: Sagner, 2008, pp 66-79. (in German)

On Bogdanov's political activism

• Sergei V. Utechin, "Bolsheviks and Their Allies After 1917: The Ideological Pattern", Soviet Studies 2. (1958).
• Kendall A. Bailes, "Lenin and Bogdanov: The End of an Alliance", in Columbia Essays in International Affairs, ed. A.W. Cordier, New York & London, 1967.
• Avraham Yassour, Leçons de la Révolution de 1905: la controverse Lénine-Bogdanov, Paris, 1967. Thesis. (in French)
• Avraham Yassour, "Leçons de 1905: Parti ou Soviet", Le Mouvement Social 62 (1968). (in French)
• Karl G. Ballestrem, "Lenin and Bogdanov", Studies in Soviet Thought 9:4 (1969), pp 283-310. [17]
• Avraham Yassour, "Modeles d'organisation revolutionnaire a Petersbourg en 1905", in Sur 1905, eds. Rene Girault, et al., Paris: Champ Libre, 1974. (in French)
• Tony Cliff, "16. Lenin schließt die Linksradikalen aus", in Lenin 1. Aufbau der Partei [1975], Verein für Geschichte und Zeitgeschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, 2001. (in German)
• Carmen Claudin-Urondo, Lenin and the Cultural Revolution, Harvester Press: Sussex and New Jersey, 1977.
• Jutta Scherrer, "Les écoles du parti de Capri et de Bologne: La formation de l'intelligentsia du parti", Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 19:3 (1978), pp 259-284. (in French)
• George Haupt, Jutta Scherrer, "Gor'kij, Bogdanov, Lenin: Neue Quellen zur ideologischen Krise in der bolschewistischen Fraktion (1908-1910)", Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 19:3 (1978), pp 321-334. (in German)
• Jutta Scherrer, (1979), "Bogdanov e Lenin: il bolscevism al bivio", in Storia del marxiosmo, Torino: Giulio Einaudi, 1979. (in Italian)
• Jutta Scherrer, "Un 'philosophe-ouvrier' russe: N.E. Vilonov" Le Mouvement social 111 (April-June 1980), pp 165-187. (in French) [18]
• John Biggart, "The Vologda Exile of Bogdanov and Lunacharsky", in Sbornik (Newsletter of the Study Group on the Russian Revolution) 5 (1980), pp 28-40.
• James White, "Bogdanov in Tula", Studies in Soviet Thought 22 (June 1981), pp 57-82.
• Avraham Yassour, "Lenin and Bogdanov: Protagonists in the Bolshevik Centre", Studies in Soviet Thought 22 (1981).
• John Biggart, "'Anti-Leninist Bolshevism': the Forward Group of the RSDRP", Canadian Slavonic Papers 23:2 (1981), pp 134-153.
• Jutta Scherrer, "L'Intelligentsia russe: sa quête de la 'vérité' religieuse du socialisme", Le Temps de la reflexion II (1981), pp 113-152. (in French)
• Dietrich Geyer (ed.), Kautskys russisches Dossier: deutsche Sozialdemokraten als Treuhänder des russischen Parteivermögens 1910-1915, Frankfurt: Campus, 1981, 688 pp. (in German) Review.
• Zenovia Sochor, "Was Bogdanov Russia's Answer to Gramsci?", Studies in Soviet Thought 22:1 (February 1981), pp 59-81. [19]
• Avraham Yassour, "Bogdanov-Malinovsky on Party and Revolution", Studies in Soviet Thought 27 (1984).
• John Biggart, "Alexander Bogdanov and the Revolution of 1917", Sbornik (Revolutionary Russia) 10 (1984), pp 8-10.
• Zenovia Sochor, "A.A.Bogdanov: In Search of Cultural Liberation", in Nietzsche in Russia, ed. B.G. Rosenthal, Princeton University Press, 1986.
• Robert C. Williams, The Other Bolsheviks: Lenin and His Critics 1904-1914, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1986.
• Avraham Yassour, "Philosophy-Religion-Politics: Borochov, Bogdanov and Lunacharsky", Studies in Soviet Thought 31 (1986).
• Avraham Yassour, "La revolution de 1905 et L'aggravation des controverses chez les bolcheviks", in 1905: La Premiere Revolution Russe, eds. Francois-Xavier Coquin and Celine Gervais-Francelle, Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1986. (in French)
• Jutta Scherrer, "Gor'kij - Bogdanov: Aperçu sur une correspondance non publiée", Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 29:1 (1988), pp 41-51. (in French)
• Georgii D. Gloveli, "'Socialism of Science' versus 'Socialism of Feelings': Bogdanov and Lunacharsky", trans. John Biggart, Studies in Soviet Thought 42:1 (1991), pp 29-55. [20]
• John Biggart, "Aleksandr Bogdanov i teoriya 'novogo klassa'", in Trudy komissii po nauchnomu naslediyu A.A.Bogdanova, Moscow: RAN, Institut Ekonomiki, 1992, pp 159-178; repr. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya 7 (1993), pp 139-150. (in Russian)
• John Biggart, "Predislovie: 'Antileninskii bol’shevizm': gruppa RSDRP Vpered", in Neizvestnyy Bogdanov, 2, eds. N.S.Antonova and N.V.Drozdova, Moscow, 1995, pp 5-32.
• David G. Rowley, "Bogdanov and Lenin: Epistemology and Revolution", Studies in East European Thought 48:1 (March 1996), pp 1-19. [21] [22]

On Bogdanov and proletarian culture

• Sergei Tretyakov, "Iskusstvo v revoliutsii i revoliutsiia v iskusstve (esteticheskoe potreblenie i proizvodstvo)", Gorn 8 (1923), pp 111-118. (in Russian)
  • "Art in the Revolution and the Revolution in Art (Aesthetic Consumption and Production)", October 118: "Soviet Factography" (Fall 2006), pp 11-18.
• Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat of Enlightenment: Soviet Organization of Education and the Arts under Lunacharsky, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1970.
• Vittorio Strada, La polemica di Lenin col Proletkult, Rinascita, 3aprile, 1970. (in Italian)
• Edward J. Brown, The Proletarian Episode in Russian Literature 1928-1932, Octagon Books: New York, 1971, 311 pp. Review, Review.
• Sheila Fitzpatrick, "Cultural Revolution in Russia, 1928-1932", Journal of Contemporary History IX (1974).
• Annie Sabatier, "Le Proletkult International", Action Poetique 59 (1974). (in French)
• Peter Gorsen, Eberhard Knodler-Bunte, Proletkult I. System einer proletarischen Kultur. Dokumentation, Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1974. (in German)
• Peter Gorsen, Eberhard Knodler-Bunte, Proletkult 2. Zur Praxis und Theorie einer proletarischen Kulturrevolution in Sowjetrussland 1917-1925. Dokumentation, Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 1975. (in German)
• Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Revolution in Russia 1928-1921, Indiana University Press: Bloomington, 1978.
• Jutta Scherrer, "Culture proletarienne et religion socialiste entre deux revolutions: les 'Bolcheviks de gauche'", Europa 2 (1979). (in French)
• James C. McClelland, "Utopianism versus Revolutionary Heroism in Bolshevik Policy: The Proletarian Culture Debate", Slavic Review 39:3 (September 1980), pp 403-425.
• Krisztina Manicke-Gyongyosi, "Proletarische Wissenschaft" und "sozialistische Menschheitsreligion" als Modelle proletarischer Kultur: Zur linksbolschewistischen Revolutionstheorie", Berlin: Osteuropa Institut, 1982, 287 pp. (in German)
• John Biggart, "Marxism and Social Anthropology: a Proletkult Bibliography on the 'History of Culture (1923)'", Studies in Soviet Thought 24 (1982), pp 1-9, 89-93.
• John Biggart, "Bukharin and the Origins of the 'Proletarian Culture' Debate", Soviet Studies 39:2 (April 1987), pp 229-246.
• Gabriele Gorzka, "Proletarian Cultural Revolution: The Conception of Aleksandr A. Bogdanov", Sbornik (Newsletter of the Study Group on the Russian Revolution) 9 (1988).
• Lynn Mally, 'Intellectuals in the Proletkult: Problems of Authority and Expertise", in Party, State and Society in the Russian Civil War, eds. D.P.Koenker, W.G.Rosenberg, and R.G.Suny, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.
• Lynn Mally, Culture of the Future. The Proletkult Movement in Revolutionary Russia, University of California Press, 1990.
• John Biggart, "Bukharin's Theory of Theory of Cultural Revolution", in The Ideas of Nikolai Bukharin, ed. Anthony Kemp-Welch, Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1992, pp 131-158.
• Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Cultural Front: Power and Culture in Revolutionary Russia, Ithica, New York: Cornell University Press, 1992.
• John Biggart, "Bukharin, 'Kul’turnaya revolyutsiya i istoki Stalinizma'", Otechestvennaya istoriya 2 (1994), Moscow, pp 90-104. (in Russian)
• Arran Gare, "Aleksandr Bogdanov: Proletkult and Conservation", Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 5:2 (June 1994), pp 65-94.
• John Biggart, "Bogdanov i Kul’tintern’", Vestnik Mezhdunarodnogo Instituta A.Bogdanova 7:3 (2001), Moscow, pp 76-87. (in Russian)
• James D. White, "Alexander Bogdanov’s Conception of Proletarian Culture", Revolutionary Russia 26:1 (2013), pp 52-70.

On tektology

• George Gorelik, "Reemergence of Bogdanov's Tektology in Soviet Studies of Organization", The Academy of Management Journal 18:2 (June 1975), pp 345-357.
• George Gorelik, "Principal ideas of Bogdanov's 'Tektology': The Universal Science of Organization", General Systems XX (1975).
• Kendall A. Bailes, "Alexei Gastev and the Soviet Controversy over Taylorism 1918-1924", Soviet Studies 3 (1977). [23]
• George Gorelik, "Bogdanov's Tektology: Its Basic Concepts and Relevance to Modern Generalizing Sciences", Human Systems Management 1:4 (1980).
• Ilmari Susiluoto, The Origins and Development of Systems Thinking in the Soviet Union: Political and Philosophical Controversies From Bogdanov to Present-day Re-evaluations, Helsinkii: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1982.
• George Gorelick, "Bogdanov's Tektology: Its Nature, Development and Influences", Studies in Soviet Thought 26 (1983), pp 37-57. [24] [25]
• George Gorelik, "Introduction", in Bogdanov, Essays in Tektology, Seaside, CA: Intersystems Publications, 1980, pp i-xi; repr. in 2nd ed., 1984, pp i-xi.
• Rafael E. Bello, "The system approach: A.Bogdanov and L. Von Bertalanffy", Studies in Soviet Thought 30 (1985).
• George Gorelik, "Bogdanov's Tektologiya, General Systems Theory and Cybernetics", Cybernetics and Systems 18 (1987).
• Milan Zeleny, "Tectologiya", International Journal of General Systems 14 (1988).
• Arran Gare, "Soviet Environmentalism: The Path Not Taken", Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 4:4 (December 1993), pp 69-88.
• Simona Poustilnik, "The Ideas of Evolution in A. Bogdanov's Tektology", in The Concept of Self-Organization in a Historical Perspective, Moscow: Nauka, 1994, pp 189-198.
• James D. White, "Ot filosofii k vseobshchei organizatsionnoi nauke: istochniki i predshestvenniki tektologii A. Bogdanova", Voprosy filosofii 8 (1995), pp 38-49. (in Russian)
• Simona Poustilnik, "Bogdanov's Tektology: Between Science and Philosophy", Filosofskie issledovanija 3 (1995), Moscow, pp 226-241.
• Simona Poustilnik, "Principle of Assemblage as Base of A. Bogdanov's Concept", Voprosy filosofii 8 (1995), Moscow, pp 24-30.
• Anthony Mansueto, "From Dialectic to Organization: Bogdanov's Contribution to Social Theory", Studies in East European Thought 48:1 (March 1996), pp 37-61. [26]
• Vadim N. Sadovsky, Vladimir V. Kelle, "Foreword", in Bogdanov’s Tektology, Book 1, ed. Peter Dudley, Hull: Centre for Systems Studies, University of Hull, 1996, pp iii-xxix.
• Peter Dudley, "Introduction", in Bogdanov’s Tektology, Book 1, ed. Peter Dudley, Hull: Centre for Systems Studies, University of Hull, 1996, pp xxxi-xlvi.
• Simona Poustilnik, "Biological Ideas in Tektology", in Alexander Bogdanov and the Origins of Systems Thinking in Russia, eds. J. Biggart, P. Dudley and F. King, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998. Presented at the international conference, Origins of Organization Theory in Russia and the Soviet Union, University of East Anglia (Norwich), 8-11 January 1995.
• James D. White, "Sources and Precursors of Bogdanov’s Tektology", in Alexander Bogdanov and the Origins of Systems Thinking in Russia, eds. J. Biggart, P. Dudley and F. King, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.
• Georgii D. Gloveli, "Tektolog", Vestnik Mezhdunarodnogo Instituta A.Bogdanova 1 (2000), pp 3-13. (in Russian)
• Arran Gare, "Aleksandr Bogdanov and Systems Theory", Democracy & Nature 6:3 (2000), pp 341-359. [27]
• Arran Gare, "Aleksandr Bogdanov's History, Sociology and Philosophy of Science", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 31:2 (2000), pp 231-248.
• Georgij Gloveli, "Bogdanovs 'Tektologie' im Kontext der Systemideen zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts", trans. Maja Soboleva, in Alexander Bogdanov: Theoretiker für Das 20. Jahrhundert, eds. Stefan Plaggenborg and Maja Soboleva, Munich: Sagner, 2008, pp 98-115. (in German)
• Simona, Poustilnik, "Alexander Bogdanov and the Genesis of the Systems Theory", in Alexander Bogdanov: Theoretiker für Das 20. Jahrhundert, eds. Stefan Plaggenborg and Maja Soboleva, Munich: Sagner, 2008, pp 116-140.
• McKenzie Wark, "Against Social Determinism", Public Seminar, 5 December 2013.

On Bogdanov's utopian fiction

• Evald Ilyenkov, "Chapter 2. The Positive Programme of Russian Positivism", in Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism [1979], New Park Publications, 1982. A study of the novel Red Star.
• K.M. Jensen, "Red Star: Bogdanov builds a Utopia", Studies in Soviet Thought 23 (1982).
• Rolf-Dieter Kluge, "Alexander A. Bogdanow (Malinowskij) als Science-fiction-Autor", in Science-fiction in Osteuropa. Beiträge zur russischen, polnischen und tschechischen phantastischen Literatur, ed. Wolfgang Kasack, Berlin: A. Spitz, 1984, pp 26-37. (in German)
• Richard Stites, Revolutionary Dreams: Utopian Vision and Experimental Life in the Russian Revolution, Oxford University Press, 1988, 344 pp.
• Mark B. Adams, "'Red Star': Another Look at Aleksandr Bogdanov", Slavic Review 48:1 (Spring 1989), pp 1-15.
• Phillip Wegner, "Chapter 4. The Occluded Future: Red Star and The Iron Heel as 'Critical Utopias'", in Imaginary Communities: Utopia, the Nation, and the Spatial Histories of Modernity, University of California Press, 2002, pp 99-146. [28]
• Douglas Greenfield, "Revenants and Revolutionaries: Body and Society in Bogdanov's Martian Novels", The Slavic and East European Journal 50:4 (Winter 2006), pp 621-634.
• Stefan, "Bogdanov, technocracy and socialism", Socialist Standard 106:1232 (April 2007), p 10.
• "Bogdanov, Alexander", in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, 2013.

Biographies

• [Georgii D. Gloveli], "Biograficheskiy ocherk" [Biographical Essay], in Tektologiya: vseobschaya organizatsionnaya nauka, Tom 1, Moscow: Ekonomika, 1989. (in Russian)
• James D. White, "Bogdanov, Alexander Alexandrovich", in Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union, Vol 4, Gulf Breeze, Florida, 1992, pp 137-142.
• "Bogdanov", in Filosofy Rossii XIX-XX stoletiy, 2nd ed., Moscow: Kniga i biznes, 1995, pp 75-76. (in Russian)
• Andreas Heyer, "Bogdanow, Alexander Alexandrowitsch (Malinowski)", in Sozialutopien der Neuzeit: bibliographisches Handbuch, Vol. 2, Münster: Lit, 2009, pp 337-340. (in German)
• Evgeni V. Pavlov, "Nikolai Bukharin on the life of A. A. Bogdanov", Platypus Review 57 (June 2013).

Other topics

• Jutta Scherrer, "'Ein gelber und eine blauer Teufel': Zur Entstehung der Begriffe 'bogostroitel'stvo' und 'bogoiskatel'stvo'", Forschungen zur osteuropäischen Geschichte 25 (1978), pp 319-329. (in German)
• Zenovia Sochor, "On the Difficulties of Rehabilitating Bogdanov in the Soviet Union", Sbornik (Newsletter of the Study Group on the Soviet Union) 10 (1984).
• Robert Tartarin, "Transfusion sanguine et immortalité chez Alexandr Bogdanov", Droit & société 28 (1994). (in French)

Bibliographies

• Western literature on Bogdanov, compiled by John Biggart
• Publications on Bogdanov by John Biggart, Georgii Gloveli, David Rowley, Daniela Steila, James White.

External links

• International Alexander Bogdanov Institute, Ekaterinburg. Bogdanov's biography.
• Alexander Bogdanov Library, Project of the Historical Materialism Series at Brill. [29].
• Alexander Bogdanov Archive at marxists.org
• Bogdanov at Wikipedia