El Lissitzky

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Self-Portrait (The Constructor), 1924. Gelatin silver print. 13.9 x 8.9 cm. MoMA. [4]
Born November 23, 1890(1890-11-23)
Pochinok, Smolensk Province, Russian Empire
Died December 30, 1941(1941-12-30) (aged 51)
Moscow, Soviet Union
Web Aaaaarg, UbuWeb Sound, Wikipedia, Academia.edu, Open Library
Collections Van Abbe, Costakis, MoMA, Stedelijk, Tate, Artic, Thyssen, Tretyakov, Guggenheim, Pompidou, DMA, SFMOMA, Beinecke, museum-digital
Lissitzky in Weimar [3]
Lissitzky with his wife Sophie Lissitzky-Küppers and their child
El Lissitzky, Proun 99, water-soluble and metallic paint on wood, 129x99cm, 1924.

El Lissitzky (1890-1941) was an artist, designer, photographer, typographer, polemicist and architect. He was an important figure of the Russian avant-garde, helping develop suprematism with his mentor, Kazimir Malevich, and designing numerous exhibition displays and propaganda works for the Soviet Union. His work greatly influenced the Bauhaus and constructivist movements, and he experimented with production techniques and stylistic devices that would go on to dominate 20th-century graphic design.

Life and work

Early years

Born Lazar Markovich (El) Lissitzky (Ла́зарь Ма́ркович Лиси́цкий) in 1890 to an educated middle-class Jewish family in Pochinok, Smolensk Province, Russia. He grew up in Vitebsk, a small Jewish town in Belorussia, where he took art lessons in 1903 from Russian painter Iurii (Yehuda) Moiseevich Pen, who also taught Marc Chagall. In 1909, after being turned down by the St. Petersburg Academy of Art, Lissitzky left Russia for the first time to enroll at the Technische Hochschule in Darmstadt, Germany, where he studied architectural engineering. During his studies, in 1912 he traveled in Germany and also to France and Italy, but was forced to return to Russia during the summer of 1914, after the outbreak of World War I. He enrolled as a student of engineering and architecture at the Riga Polytechnical Institute [Rizhskii politekhnicheskii institut], temporarily quartered in Moscow, and received his diploma on 3 June 1918 with the degree of engineer-architect. In 1915-16 he worked in various architectural offices in Moscow and St. Petersburg.[1][2]

In 1916 Lissitzky became deeply involved in a Russian national movement to create a revival of Yiddish culture for modern Russian Jews. With the artist Issachar Ryback, he set off on an expedition organized by the Jewish Historical and Ethnographic Society [Evreiskoe istorichesko-etnograficheskoe obshchestvo] to study and record the ornamentation and inscriptions in synagogues located along the Dnieper River. Following the February Revolution of 1917, Lissitzky moved from Moscow to Kiev where he devoted himself to the illustration of Yiddish books, especially for children, and organised and submitted work for exhibitions of Jewish art in Moscow. In early 1919, he helped found the publishing house Kultur-Lige, which became a leading force in the dissemination of Yiddish culture in Ukraine. Toward the end of his stay in Kiev, Lissitzky worked for the art section of the local branch of IZO Narkompros.[3]

Vitebsk and Moscow (1919-21)

Lissitzky's move in July 1919 from the relative isolation of the Bolshevik-controlled city of Kiev back to Vitebsk brought with it a shift in focus from Yiddish culture to architecture and book design. At the invitation of Marc Chagall, Lissitzky began a new position teaching architecture, graphic arts, and printing at the Vitebsk Popular Art Institute. In September, he was joined by Kazimir Malevich, whose system of nonobjective art, suprematism, inspired Lissitzky to take up painting and to invent his own form of abstract art, which he named Proun [Proekt utverzhdenia novogo; Project for the Affirmation of the New] in 1920. Propaganda also became a more overt part of Lissitzky's artistic mission at this time; during the civil war, he worked in the suprematist collective UNOVIS [Affirmers of the New Art] as a designer of agitational posters meant to incite workers back to the factory benches and to rally Jews around Bolshevism.[4]

After disagreements between Chagall and Malevich led to the disbandment of the Institute in 1921, Lissitzky returned to Moscow to teach architecture at the newly established VKhUTEMAS. This was a period of great artistic ferment and debate in Moscow. Lissitzky's arrival coincided with the emergence of the radical First Working Group of Constructivists, which advocated a utilitarian and socialist platform of art for industry. In September 1921, at INKhUK, Lissitzky put forth his own program in an important lecture, outlining the connections between suprematist painting and the principles of space and construction in his Proun works.[5]

Germany and Switzerland (1921-25)

In December 1921, Lissitzky left Russia for Berlin, by way of Warsaw, dispatched by the Soviet government to establish cultural contacts between Soviet and German artists. In 1922 he collaborated with the Russian writer Ilya Ehrenburg on producing two issues of the short-lived periodical Veshch/Objet/Gegenstand; met the typographer Jan Tschichold who became his life-long friend. In May 1922 Lissitzky participated in the Congress of International Progressive Artists in Düsseldorf; followed by the Congress of the Constructivists and Dadaists in Weimar in September, where he met the Dada artist Kurt Schwitters. He had a minor role in setting up the First Russian Art Exhibition in Berlin in October, when he also met Sophie Küppers, who had been the artistic director of the Kestner Society in Hanover, founded by her recently deceased husband Paul Erich Küppers to support and promote the German avant-garde. In December 1922 he delivered an important lecture in Berlin on Soviet art, the next year followed by the lectures in Rotterdam, Utrecht, The Hague and at the Kestner Society. In 1923, Lissitzky also shortly joined the editorial board of Hans Richter’s journal G; became a member of the De Stijl group; and joined ASNOVA (Association of the New Architects), an organization founded in Moscow by Nikolai Ladovsky, Nikolai Dokuchaev and Vladimir Krinsky, assuming responsibility for developing connections with foreign architects.

In October 1923 he was taken ill with acute pneumonia, a few weeks later diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, and in February 1924 relocated to a sanatorium near Locarno, Switzerland, where, with the help of his future wife Sophie, he produced publications and photographs at a remarkable pace: edited the architectural review ABC: Beiträge zum Bauen with Dutch architect Mart Stam and Swiss architect Emil Roth; produced advertising designs for Gunther Wagner's Pelikan office supply company; and with the technical help of Roth, began work on the Wolkenbügel [Cloud Iron], a horizontally expanding skyscraper intended for the Nikitsky Square in Moscow. In November 1924 the Swiss authorities turned down his request to renew his visa, but grant him a six-month extension "on humanitarian grounds."

Exhibition work in Germany and Russia

In June 1925 Lissitzky returned to Moscow via St Petersburg. In January 1926 he was appointed head of the Department of Furniture and Interior Design for the wood and metal workshop at VKhUTEMAS. Later in June he received assignment from Narkompros to travel to Dresden, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Hamburg, and Lübeck to study modern architecture. In Germany, he was commissioned by the directorate of the International Art Exhibition in Dresden to design the Raum für konstruktive Kunst [Room for Constructivist Art] (1926), and by Alexander Dorner to design the Kabinett der Abstrakten [Abstract Cabinet] for the Provinzialmuseum (Sprengel Museum) in Hanover (1927–28). In collaboration with Ladovsky, Lissitzky published the single issue of the architectural review ASNOVA in Moscow, 1926.

By 1927, with the success of his design for the All-Union Printing Trades Exhibition in Moscow, Lissitzky had became a much sought-after propagandist for the Stalinist regime, realising the Soviet Pavilion at the International Press Exhibition in Cologne (1928), the Soviet Room at the Film and Photo Exhibition in Stuttgart (1929), the Soviet Pavilion at the International Hygiene Exhibition in Dresden (1930), the Soviet section at the International Fur Trade Exhibition in Leipzig (1930), and the Gorky Park of Culture and Rest in Moscow (1931).

On 27 January 1927 Lissitzky married Sophie Küppers; his son, Jen, was born on 12 October 1930; and the next year Sophie’s older sons come to Russia to live with her and Lissitzky in the village of Khodnya, thirty miles from Moscow. During a 1928 vacation in Austria and Paris Lissitzky met Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger and Le Corbusier.

Later years

In 1932 Lissitzky signed his first contract with the editors of USSR im Bau [USSR in Construction], a Soviet propaganda publication intended for Western audiences and published in Russian, English, German, and French; became one of the principal artists for the journal, along with Aleksandr Rodchenko, Varvara Stepanova, and Solomon Telingater; designed seventeen issues, ten of them in collaboration with Sophie Küppers. In 1934 he was appointed chief artist for the Agricultural Exhibition of the Soviet Union in Moscow. During 1935-36 Lissitzky was frequently hospitalized; convalesced in a sanatorium in the Caucasus. In 1940 he was appointed chief artist for the Soviet Pavilion at the Belgrade International Exhibition, a project left unfinished due to the outbreak of World War II. In 1941 he worked on anti-Nazi posters and other war-related projects until his death in Moscow on 30 December.

Portraits

Works

Early works

Proun

Prounenraum [Proun Room], Great Berlin Art Exhibition, 1923. Description. Stedelijk.

Room for Constructivist Art

Design of the Raum für konstruktive Kunst [Room for Constructivist Art], Internationale Kunstausstellung, Dresden, 1926

Abstract Cabinet

Kabinett der Abstrakten [The Abstract Cabinet], Provinzialmuseum Hanover, 1928

Lissitzky built this modular and changeable room for abstract art in 1927–28 at the invitation of Alexander Dorner for the Landesmuseum in Hanover. The Abstract Cabinet was destroyed in 1936 during the Third Reich. [5]

Pressa

Pavilion of the Soviet Union at the International Press Exhibition (Pressa), Cologne, 1928

Other works

Collections and Archives

Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI) in Moscow possesses the most extensive collection of Lissitzky's work. Its documentary holdings on Lissitzky include a photomontage; a plan of the first skyscraper in Moscow (1924-1928); a poster of Lenin; twelve experimental photos (1920s); photos of exhibitions in Berlin and Leipzig designed by Lissitzky; various articles; a notebook of Lissitzky's with sketches and miscellaneous notes; assorted letters to Lissitzky; his birth certificate, school diploma, contracts and applications; materials on his work with the Association of New Architects; individual photos of Lissitzky (between 1922-1935); group photos with others (between 1928-1934); and two photos of Gorky taken by Lissitzky in 1928. There is a searchable CD-ROM version (1996) of the seven-volume print guide to this collection.

The Lissitzky collection at Moscow's Tretyakov Gallery consists of drawings, watercolours, lithographs, archival documents, photographs, and examples of Lissitzky's original book designs and illustrations. Of the more than 300 items, outstanding examples include his variant designs for exhibition catalogues and periodicals; covers for film scenarios; sketches, drafts, and variants of his Prouns; watercolours and drawings of costume designs; and many sketches, studies, and preparatory materials for unrealized architectural projects and exhibition pavilions.

The Lissitzky collection at Van Abbe Museum in Eindhoven consists of 130 artworks (most of which came from the artist's studio in Hanover) and is the largest outside of Russia. The Museum also possesses several archival documents relating to El Lissitzky (postcards and letters, all to architect J.J.P. Oud, dating between April 28, 1923 and December 26, 1928). Unpublished catalogue.

The Busch-Reisinger Museum at Harvard University, Boston, has a moderately-sized collection (41 items) consisting of drawings (12), prints (21) and books (8), with a good number of Proun images.

The Sprengel Museum in Hanover has a small collection comprised of sketches and drafts for the Abstract Cabinet, several Proun lithographs, and a few entries by Lissitzky in the 84-page guestbook of Käte Steinitz, 1920.

Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie in The Hague has letters from Lissitzky to the Dutch architect and artist Theo Van Doesburg, and from Lissitzky and Kurt Schwitters to Til Brugman (all dating between 1922 and 1926).

Fondation Le Corbusier in Paris has three letters from 1924 between Le Corbusier and Lissitzky.

Notes

Publications

Suprematisch worden van 2 kwadraten in 6 konstrukties, 1922, PDF, JPGs.
Mayakovsky, Lissitzky, Dlya golosa, 1923, PDF.
1o Kestnermappe Proun, 1923, PDF, JPGs.
Figurinenmappe: Sieg über die Sonne, 1923, PDF, JPGs, JPGs, JPGs.
Merz 2(8/9): Nasci, eds. Lissitzky & Schwitters, Apr-Jul 1924, PDF, JPGs.
Lissitzky, Arp, Die Kunstismen / Les ismes de l'art / The Isms of Art: 1914-1924, 1925. 48 p., 26.5 × 24.5 cm. PDF (64 MB), PDF (43 MB), Log, KHZ.

Children's books

  • with Moshe Broderzon, Sihes hulin [Small Talk], Moscow, [1917], [15] pp, JPGs. (Yiddish)
  • with Mani Leib, Yingl tsingl khvat [The Mischievous Boy], Warsaw: Kultur lige, [1918?], [12] pp. (Yiddish)
  • Had gadya [A Single Kid], Warsaw: Kultur lige, 1919, [25] pp, JPGs; facsimile repr., ed. Arnold J. Band, intro. Nancy Perloff, Getty Research Institute, 2004, 42 pp. Illustrated version of the traditional Passover song Had gadya. [6]. Review: Greisman (Eye 2004 EN). (Yiddish)

Books, magazines, pamphlets

  • with Vladimir Mayakovsky, Dlya golosa [Для голоса], Berlin: R.S.F.S.R. Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo, 1923, 61 pp, PDF; repr., London: British Library, 2000, 61 pp. A collection of 13 poems by Mayakovsky, "constructed" by Lissitzky, printed in 3000 copies by Lutze & Vogt, Berlin. [7] (Russian)
    • Per la voce, Milan: Verba, 1978, 52 pp; Milan: Gallino, 2002, 61 pp. (Italian)
    • For the Voice, trans. Peter France, London: British Library, 2000, 61 pp. (English)
    • Voor de stem, trans. Marja Wiebes and Margriet Berg, Landgraaf: Huis Clos, 2012. (Dutch)
  • 1o Kestnermappe Proun [Proun. 1st Kestner Portfolio], 1923, 6 plates, JPGs. A suite of lithographic prints made as a New Year gift for members of the Kestner Gesellschaft, an independent society based in Hanover, which arranged exhibitions of contemporary art. Lissitzky had had a successful exhibition at the society early in 1923 and was commissioned to produce these prints.
  • with Hans Arp, Die Kunstismen / Les ismes de l'art / The Isms of Art: 1914-1924, Erlenbach-Zürich: Eugen Rentsch, 1925, xi+48 pp, PDF, PDF, KHZ; repr., New York: Arno, 1968; repr., Baden: Lars Müller, 1990, xi+48 pp. The book gives short definitions by well-known artists of the various movements of the period followed by reproductions illustrating each of them. WP, Reprint 1990. [9] (German)/(French)/(English)
    • "Umelecké izmy", trans. P.H., Slovenské pohľady 81:10, 1965, p 42. (Slovak)
  • editor, Union der Sozialistischen Sowjet-Republiken: Katalog des Sowjet-Pavillons auf der Internationalen Presse-Ausstellung Koln 1928, Cologne, 1928, 111 pp, with a [18]-pp foldout. Excerpt. [10] (German)
  • Russland. Die Rekonstruktion der Architektur in der Sowjetunion, Vienna: Anton Schroll, 1930, 103 pp; new ed. as Rußland: Architektur für eine Weltrevolution, eds. Ulrich Conrads with Dietrich Helms, Berlin: Ullstein, 1965, 206 pp; repr., Braunschweig: Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, 1989, 206 pp. [11] (German)
    • La ricostruzione dell'architettura in Russia, 1929 e altri scritti, trans. Lidia Soprani and Lapo Berti, Firenze: Vallecchi, 1969, 191 pp. (Italian)
    • Russia: An Architecture for World Revolution, trans. Eric Dluhosch, MIT Press, 1970, 239 pp; London: Lund Humphries, 1970, 239 pp. (English)
    • La reconstrucción de la arquitectura en Rusia, y otros escritos, trans. Juan-Eduardo Cirlot, Barcelona: Gili, 1970, 222 pp. (Spanish)
    • Russie: architecture pour une révolution mondiale, trans. Adrienne Jacob, Strasbourg: Ecole d'architecture, 1982, 41 pp. (French)
    • Kakumei to kenchiku [革命と建築], trans. 阿部 公正, 1983, 286 pp. (Japanese)
  • editor, SSSR stroit sotsializm [СССР строит социализм], Moscow: IZOGIZ [ИЗОГИЗ], 1933, 306 pp. (Russian)

Essays, talks

  • "Suprematism in World Reconstruction" [1920], trans. in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1968, pp 327-330; repr. with notes in Russian Art of the Avant-Garde: Theory and Criticism, 1902-1934, ed. John E. Bowlt, Viking Press, 1976, pp 151-158. From a typescript in the Lissitzky archives. The essay acts as a retrospective commentary on Malevich's original formulation of suprematism and advances a far wider concept with its emphasis on such ideas as visual economy and the universal application of suprematism.
  • as Ulen, "Die Ausstellungen in Russland", Veshch/Gegenstand/Objet, Berlin: Skythen, Mar-Apr 1922, pp 18-19. (German)
    • Ulen [El Lisitskii], "The Exhibitions in Russia", trans. Kestutis Paul Zygas, Oppositions 5 (Summer 1976), pp 125-127. (English)
  • with Ilya Ehrenberg, "Erklärung", De Stijl 5:4 (Apr 1922). Statement delivered by Lissitzky to Congress of International Progressive Artists in Düsseldorf in May 1922. (German)
  • with Theo van Doesburg, Hans Richter, [], De Stijl 5:4 (Apr 1922). Statement delivered to Congress of International Progressive Artists in Düsseldorf in May 1922. (German)
  • "Proun. Nicht Weltvisionen, sondern - Weltrealität", De Stijl 5:6 (1922), pp 81-85; repr. in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1967, p 344. (German)
  • with Theo van Doesburg, Hans Richter, Max Burchartz and Karel Maes, "Konstruktivistische Internationale Schöpferische Arbeitsgemeinschaft", De Stijl 5:8 (Aug 1922), pp 113-119. (German)/(Dutch)/(French)
  • "'Neue russische Kunst', Vortrag" [1922], in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1967, pp 334-344. Given in Berlin. First published from the typescript in 1967. (German)
    • "The New Russian Art: A Lecture (1922)", in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1968; 1980, p 340; repr. in Modern Artists on Art, 2nd ed., ed. Robert L. Herbert, Dover, 2012, pp 76-92. [13] (English)
  • Erenburg, Lisicki, "Ruska nova umetnost", Zenit 17-18, Zagreb: S.H.S., Sep-Oct 1922, pp 50-52. (Serbo-Croatian)
  • "Element und Erfindung", ABC. Beiträge zum Bauen 1, Basel, 1924. (German)
    • El Lissickij, "Element a vynalez", trans. J.N., ReD 1:2, Prague: Odeon, Nov 1927, pp 52-54. (Czech)
    • "Element and Invention", in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1992, pp 349-351. (English)
  • "SSSR's Architektur", Das Kunstblatt 2, Potsdam, Feb 1925, pp 49-53. Basis for his 1930 book Russland. (German)
  • "K. und Pangeometrie", in Europa Almanach: Malerei, Literatur, Musik, eds. Carl Einstein and Paul Westheim, Potsdam: Gustav Kiepenheuer, 1925, pp 103-113; repr. in Lissitzky, Rußland: Architektur für eine Weltrevolution, 1965, pp 122-129; repr. in El Lissitzky, Eindhoven: Stedelijk Van Abbemuseum, 1965, pp 42-47; repr. in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1967, pp 349-354. Analyses the changing role of perspective in art and introduces axonometric projection (or parallel perspective) as a new means to represent and perceive space. (German)
    • "A. and Pangeometry", in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1968, pp 352-358; repr. in El Lissitzky, Russia: An Architecture for World Revolution, Cambridge/MA, 1970, pp 146-149; repr. in Art in Theory 1900-1990, eds. Charles Harrison and Paul Wood, Blackwell, 1992, pp 303-307.
  • "Typographische Tatsachen", Gutenberg-Festschrift, Mainz, 1925. (German)
    • "Typographical facts", in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1968, pp 359-360. (English)
    • trans. Claude Leclanche-Boulé, in Typographies et photo-montages constructivistes en U.R.S.S., eds. Claude Leclanche-Boulé and M. Martin-Malburet, Paris: Papyrus, 1984, p 135. (French)
  • "Demonstrationsräume", in Lissitzky, Rußland: Architektur für eine Weltrevolution, 1965, pp 129-134; repr. in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1967, pp 366f. Typescript. (German)
  • "Architektura zheleznoy i zhelezobetonnoy ramy" [Архитектура железной и железобетонной рамы], Stroitelnaya promyshlennost [Строительная промышленность] 1 (1926), pp 59-63. Excerpt. (Russian)
  • "Kultura zhilya" [Культура жилья], Stroitelnaya promyshlennost [Строительная промышленность] 12 (1926), pp 877-881. Excerpt. (Russian)
  • "Forum sotsialisticheskoy Moskvy" [Форум социалистической Москвы], Architektura SSSR [Архитектура СССР] 10 (1934), pp 4-5. Excerpt. (Russian)
  • "Unser Buch", in Gutenberg Jahrbuch 1927, ed. Alois Ruppel, Mainz: Gutenberg-Gesellschaft, 1926-27. (German)
    • "The Future of the Book", New Left Review 41, Jan-Feb 1967, pp 39-44; repr. in Communication and Class Struggle, 2: Liberation, Socialism, eds. Armand Mattelart and Seth Siegelaub, New York: International General, and France: International Mass Media Research Center, 1983, pp 267-269. (English)
    • "Our Book", trans. Helene Aldwinckle and Mary Whittall, in Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky, 1968, pp 360-363; repr. in Graphic Design Theory: Readings From the Field, ed. Helen Armstrong, Princeton, 2009, pp 25-31. (English)
More

Collected writings

  • Proun und Wolkenbügel: Schriften, Briefe, Dokumente, eds. Sophie Lissitzky-Küppers and Jen Lissitzky, trans. Lena Schöche and Sophie Lissitzky-Küppers, Dresden: Verlag der Kunst, 1977, 231 pp. (German)
  • Arquitectura, arte y diseño, trans. Noelia Pérez Rivabén, Anna Moroz and Cristian Cámara Outes, Madrid: Asimétricas, 2019, 217 pp. [14] (Spanish)

Correspondence

  • with Kazimir Malevich, 1922-25, in Kazimir Malevich, Собрание сочинений в пяти томах. Том 4. Трактаты и лекции первой половины 1920-х годов. С приложением переписки К.С. Малевича и Эль Лисицкого (1922-1925), Moscow: Galea, 2003. (Russian)

Catalogues

  • Эль Лисицкий / El Lissitzky. Schau der Arbeit 1919–1923, Moscow/Berlin, 1924. Cover. (Russian)/(German)
  • Franz Roh, Jan Tschichold (eds.), Foto-Auge / Oeil et Photo / Photo-Eye, Stuttgart: Akademischer Verlag Dr. Fritz Wedekind, 1929, 77 pp, 78 photographs. A photobook based on the Film und Foto exhibition organised by the Deutscher Werkbund in Stuttgart in 1929. The front-cover shows El Lissitzky's self-portrait (Küppers, plate 114). Includes works by Baumeister, Max Ernst, G. Grosz, Heartfield, Teige, Moholy-Nagy, Edward Weston, Peter Hans, Renger-Patzsch, Hans Leistikow, Willi Baumeister, Walter Funkat, Dsiga Wertoff. The book features various techniques of photography eg. photogram, x-rays-photo, photomontage. Designed by Jan Tschichold. [15] [16] (German)/(French)/(English)
  • El Lissitzky: Sieg über die Sonne: zur Kunst des Konstruktivismus, ed. Horst Richter, Cologne: Galerie Christoph Czwiklitzer, 1958. [17] (German)
  • El Lissitzky, Eindhoven: Stedelijk van Abbemuseum, 1968.
  • Werke und Aufsätze von El Lissitzky (1890-1941), ed. & intro. Jan Tschichold, Berlin: Gerhardt Verlag, 1971, 24 pp; repr., 1988. Originally published in Typografische Monatsblätter, Dec 1970. (German)
  • El Lissitzky, Cologne: Galerie Gmurzynska, 1976. [18] (German)
  • Nisbet, Peter, ed. (1987). El Lissitzky, 1890-1941. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Art Museums, Busch-Reisinger Museum. (English)
  • El Lissitzky, 1890-1941: Retrospektive, ed. Norbert Nobis, Frankfurt am Main: Ullstein, 1988, 310 pp. For an exhibition at Sprengel Museum Hannover, Jan-Apr 1988. (German)
  • El Lissitzky: 1890-1941: architecte, peintre, photographe, typographe / El Lissitzky: 1890-1941: arquitecto, pintor, fotógrafo, tipógrafo, Madrid: Fundación Caja de Pensiones/Eindhoven: Stedelijk Van Abbemuseum, 1990, 219 pp. (French)/(Spanish)

Literature

(in English unless noted otherwise)

Monographs

  • Sophie Lissitzky-Küppers, El Lissitzky: Maler, Architekt, Typograf, Fotograf, Errinerungen, Briefe Schirften, Dresden: VEB Verlag der Kunst, 1967, 407 pp. (German)
    • El Lisitskij: pittore, architetto, tipografo, fotografo : ricordi, lettere, scritti, trans. Piero Leone and Alberto Scarponi, Rome: Riuniti, 1967, 396 pp. (Italian)
    • El Lissitzky: Life, Letters, Texts, intro. Herbert Read, trans. Helene Aldwinckle and Mary Whittall, London: Thames and Hudson, 1968, 407+284 pp; 2nd ed., rev., New York, 1980. Incl. 23 Lissitzky's articles and statements from 1920-29. Review: Lindsay (Art Bulletin 1972).
  • Enrica Torelli Landini, Lazar' Markovič Lisickij: 1890-1941, Rome: Officina, 1995, 183 pp. (Italian)
  • Margarita Tupitsyn, El Lissitzky: Beyond the Abstract Cabinet: Photography, Design, Collaboration, New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 1999, 239 pp. Reviews: Railing (Art Book 2000), Machmut-Jhashi (H-Russia 2001).
    • El Lissitzky: Jenseits der Abstraktion, Fotografie, Design, Kooperation, Munich: Schimer/Mosel, 1999, 239 pp. (German)
  • El Lissitzky. Wolkenbügel 1924-1925, Madrid: Rueda, 2005, 152 pp. [21] (English)/(Spanish)
  • John Milner, El Lissitzky: Design, Woodbridge: Antique Collectors' Club, 2010, 95 pp. (English)

Book chapters, papers, articles

Theses

Documentaries

  • El Lissitzky: Constructivist of the Russian Avant-Garde, dir. Leo Lorez, 88 min, 1989, video documentary. [27] [28]

See also

Links