Difference between revisions of "Tristan Tzara"
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+ | {{Infobox artist | ||
+ | |image = Tristan_Tzara_1920.jpg | ||
+ | |imagesize = 250px | ||
+ | |caption = ''Portrait of Tristan Tzara'', 1920. Gelatin silver print. 11.4 × 18.6 cm. | ||
+ | |birth_date = {{birth date|1896|4|16|mf=y}} | ||
+ | |birth_place = Moinești, Romania | ||
+ | |death_date = {{Death date and age|1963|12|25|1896|4|16|mf=y}} | ||
+ | |death_place = Paris, France | ||
+ | |web = [[UbuWeb::http://www.ubu.com/sound/tzara.html|UbuWeb Sound]], [[DadaCompanion::http://web.archive.org/web/20190419232052/http://www.dada-companion.com/tzara/|Dada Companion]], [[Wikipedia::http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_Tzara|Wikipedia]] | ||
+ | }} | ||
[[Image:Hans_Arp_Hans_Richter_and_Tristan_Tzara_in_Zurich_1917.jpg|thumb|258px|[[Hans Arp]], [[Hans Richter]] and Tristan Tzara in Zurich, 1917.]] | [[Image:Hans_Arp_Hans_Richter_and_Tristan_Tzara_in_Zurich_1917.jpg|thumb|258px|[[Hans Arp]], [[Hans Richter]] and Tristan Tzara in Zurich, 1917.]] | ||
− | '''Tristan Tzara''' ( | + | '''Tristan Tzara''' (born Samuel Rosenstock, 1896–1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, composer and film director, he is known as one of the founders and central figures of the [[Dada]] movement. |
==Life and work== | ==Life and work== | ||
− | + | Poet and tirelessly energetic propagandist for [[Dada]], Tristan Tzara, whose given name was Samuel Rosenstock, was born into a well-off Jewish family in Romania. He attended a French private school in Bucharest as a youth and while in high school met [[Ion Vinea]] and [[Marcel Janco]], both of whom shared his interest in French poetry. Together they founded the literary magazine ''[[Simbolul]]'', in which Tzara, under the pseudonym S. Samyro, published a selection of poems written in Romanian and influenced by French symbolism. | |
+ | |||
+ | In 1915, seemingly as the result of a family scandal, Tzara's parents sent him to Zurich, where he enrolled at a university to study philosophy. His first poem signed with the name Tristan Tzara (tzara being the Romanian for land) appeared in October of that year. Romania did not enter the war until 1916, but it is not clear when Tzara might have been first drafted for service. In the fall of 1916 he received papers granting him a deferral of military service, and in 1917 he was relieved from military duty. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Shortly after his arrival in Zurich, Tzara reunited with Janco and Janco's brother Georges, with whom, according to Hugo Ball's diary, he attended the opening night of the Cabaret Voltaire. Over the course of the year in 1916, Tzara's activities at the Cabaret of reciting his poems and those of others led to a more active role in coordinating and planning Dada events. He also, probably through the influence of Richard Huelsenbeck, became interested in African poetry. He incorporated into his poetry scraps of sound, bits of newspaper fragments, and phrases resembling African dialects. Beginning in November 1916, Tzara collected and translated African and Oceanic poems from anthropology magazines in the Zurich library. The soirées nègres at the Cabaret Voltaire led to Tzara's lifelong collecting of African and Oceanic art. | ||
+ | |||
+ | On 23 July 1918, in Zurich's Meise Hall, Tzara recited his "Manifeste Dada 1918." Also published in [[Dada (journal)|''Dada'' 3]], this radical dadaist declaration reached [[André Breton]] in Paris, thus beginning the connection that would bring Tzara and Dada to Paris a year later. It was through Tzara's efforts that Dada in Zurich reached a broad international audience, and he has often been described as embodying the migratory quality of Dada. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Tzara arrived in Paris and burst upon the avant-garde literary scene in 1920 at a poetry reading organized by Littérature. He brought to Dada in Paris a skill in managing events and audiences, which transformed literary gatherings into public performances that generated enormous publicity. He remained the editor of ''Dada'', which appeared in France until 1922. As the cohesiveness of the Dada movement in Paris was disintegrating, Tzara published ''[[Le coeur à barbe]]'' [The Bearded Heart], a journal reacting against Breton and [[Francis Picabia]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | From 1930 to 1935, Tzara contributed to the definition of surrealist activities and ideology. He was also an active communist sympathizer and was a member of the Resistance during the German occupation of Paris. Tzara remained a spokesman for Dada, and in 1950 delivered a series of nine radio addresses to his Parisian audience discussing the topic of "the avant-garde revues in the origin of the new poetry." In 1962 Tzara traveled for the first time to Africa. He died in Paris the next year. [http://web.archive.org/web/20160516153803/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/artists/tzara.shtm (Source)] | ||
==Works== | ==Works== | ||
− | * ''La Première aventure céleste de Monsieur Antipyrine'', | + | [[Image:Tzara_La_Premiere_aventure_celeste_de_Monsieur_Antipyrine_1916.jpg|thumb|200px|''La Première aventure céléste de Monsieur Antipyrine'', 1916, [[Media:Tzara_La_Premiere_aventure_celeste_de_Monsieur_Antipyrine_1916.pdf|PDF]].]] |
− | * [[Media:Tristan_Tzara._Vingt-Cinq_Po%C3%A8mes._Illustrated_by_Jean_Arp._Zurich_Collection_Dada,_1918.pdf|''Vingt-cinq poèmes'']], Collection Dada | + | * [[Media:Tzara_La_Premiere_aventure_celeste_de_Monsieur_Antipyrine_1916.pdf|''La Première aventure céleste de Monsieur Antipyrine'']], illustr. [[Marcel Janco|Marcel Iancu]], Zürich: Collection Dada, 1916. {{fr}} |
− | ** ''Vingt cinq poemes/ Douăzeci și cinci de poeme'' | + | * [[Media:Tristan_Tzara._Vingt-Cinq_Po%C3%A8mes._Illustrated_by_Jean_Arp._Zurich_Collection_Dada,_1918.pdf|''Vingt-cinq poèmes'']], Zürich: Collection Dada, 1918. With illustrations by [[Hans Arp]]. {{fr}} |
− | * ''Cinéma calendrier du coeur abstrait. maisons'', Collection Dada | + | ** ''Vingt cinq poemes/ Douăzeci și cinci de poeme'', Bucharest: Vinea, 1998. {{ro}} |
− | * ''Sept manifestes Dada'', Éditions du Diorama, Paris, | + | * ''Cinéma calendrier du coeur abstrait. maisons'', Zürich: Collection Dada, 1920. With illustrations by Hans Arp. {{fr}} |
− | * ''Mouchoir de nuages, tragédie en 15 actes'', Éditions de la galerie Simon, 1925 | + | * ''Sept manifestes Dada'', Paris: Éditions du Diorama, 1924; new ed. as ''[[Media:Tzara_Tristan_Lampisteries_precedees_des_Sept_manifestes_Dada_1979.epub|Lampisteries, précédées des Sept manifestes Dada]]'', illustr. Francis Picabia, Paris: Pauvert, 1979, 148 pp. {{fr}} |
− | * ''Indicateur des chemins de coeur'', | + | ** ''[[Media:Tzara_Tristan_Sete_Manifestos_Dada.pdf|Sete Manifestos Dada]]'', illustr. Francis Picabia, trans. Jose Miranda Justo, Lisbon, 1987, 57 pp. {{pt}} |
− | * ''L'arbre des voyageurs'', Éditions de la Montagne | + | * ''Mouchoir de nuages, tragédie en 15 actes'', Éditions de la galerie Simon, 1925. {{fr}} |
− | * ''L'Homme approximatif'', Imprimerie Union par les Éditions Fourcade | + | * ''Indicateur des chemins de coeur'', Paris: Jeanne Bucher, 1928. {{fr}} |
− | * ''À haute flamme'', Imprimerie Jacquet | + | * ''L'arbre des voyageurs'', Paris: Éditions de la Montagne, 1930. {{fr}} |
+ | * ''L'Homme approximatif'', Paris: Imprimerie Union par les Éditions Fourcade, 1931. {{fr}} | ||
+ | * ''À haute flamme'', Paris: Imprimerie Jacquet, 1955. With five drawings by [[Pablo Picasso]]. {{fr}} | ||
+ | * ''40 chansons et déchansons'', Montpellier: Fata Morgana, 1972. {{fr}} | ||
+ | * ''[http://imwerden.de/pdf/tzara_gazovoe_serdtse_2012.pdf Gazovoe serdtse. Tri dadagramy]'', trans. & comm. S. Shargorodsky, Moscow: Salamandra, 2012, 108 pp. {{ru}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Literature== | ||
+ | * Elmer Peterson, ''[[Media:Peterson_Elmer_Tristan_Tzara_Dada_and_Surrational_Theorist_1971.pdf|Tristan Tzara: Dada and Surrational Theorist]]'', New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1971, 259 pp. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
+ | * [[Dada]] | ||
* [[Romania#Avant-garde]] | * [[Romania#Avant-garde]] | ||
− | == | + | ==Links== |
− | + | * [http://web.archive.org/web/20160516153803/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/artists/tzara.shtm Biography and works in 2006 Dada exhibition at NGA] | |
− | + | [[Category:Dada]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Tzara, Tristan}} | |
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Revision as of 19:00, 3 December 2019
![]() Portrait of Tristan Tzara, 1920. Gelatin silver print. 11.4 × 18.6 cm. | |
Born |
April 16, 1896 Moinești, Romania |
---|---|
Died |
December 25, 1963 Paris, France | (aged 67)
Web | UbuWeb Sound, Dada Companion, Wikipedia |
Tristan Tzara (born Samuel Rosenstock, 1896–1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist. Also active as a journalist, playwright, literary and art critic, composer and film director, he is known as one of the founders and central figures of the Dada movement.
Contents
Life and work
Poet and tirelessly energetic propagandist for Dada, Tristan Tzara, whose given name was Samuel Rosenstock, was born into a well-off Jewish family in Romania. He attended a French private school in Bucharest as a youth and while in high school met Ion Vinea and Marcel Janco, both of whom shared his interest in French poetry. Together they founded the literary magazine Simbolul, in which Tzara, under the pseudonym S. Samyro, published a selection of poems written in Romanian and influenced by French symbolism.
In 1915, seemingly as the result of a family scandal, Tzara's parents sent him to Zurich, where he enrolled at a university to study philosophy. His first poem signed with the name Tristan Tzara (tzara being the Romanian for land) appeared in October of that year. Romania did not enter the war until 1916, but it is not clear when Tzara might have been first drafted for service. In the fall of 1916 he received papers granting him a deferral of military service, and in 1917 he was relieved from military duty.
Shortly after his arrival in Zurich, Tzara reunited with Janco and Janco's brother Georges, with whom, according to Hugo Ball's diary, he attended the opening night of the Cabaret Voltaire. Over the course of the year in 1916, Tzara's activities at the Cabaret of reciting his poems and those of others led to a more active role in coordinating and planning Dada events. He also, probably through the influence of Richard Huelsenbeck, became interested in African poetry. He incorporated into his poetry scraps of sound, bits of newspaper fragments, and phrases resembling African dialects. Beginning in November 1916, Tzara collected and translated African and Oceanic poems from anthropology magazines in the Zurich library. The soirées nègres at the Cabaret Voltaire led to Tzara's lifelong collecting of African and Oceanic art.
On 23 July 1918, in Zurich's Meise Hall, Tzara recited his "Manifeste Dada 1918." Also published in Dada 3, this radical dadaist declaration reached André Breton in Paris, thus beginning the connection that would bring Tzara and Dada to Paris a year later. It was through Tzara's efforts that Dada in Zurich reached a broad international audience, and he has often been described as embodying the migratory quality of Dada.
Tzara arrived in Paris and burst upon the avant-garde literary scene in 1920 at a poetry reading organized by Littérature. He brought to Dada in Paris a skill in managing events and audiences, which transformed literary gatherings into public performances that generated enormous publicity. He remained the editor of Dada, which appeared in France until 1922. As the cohesiveness of the Dada movement in Paris was disintegrating, Tzara published Le coeur à barbe [The Bearded Heart], a journal reacting against Breton and Francis Picabia.
From 1930 to 1935, Tzara contributed to the definition of surrealist activities and ideology. He was also an active communist sympathizer and was a member of the Resistance during the German occupation of Paris. Tzara remained a spokesman for Dada, and in 1950 delivered a series of nine radio addresses to his Parisian audience discussing the topic of "the avant-garde revues in the origin of the new poetry." In 1962 Tzara traveled for the first time to Africa. He died in Paris the next year. (Source)
Works
![](/images/thumb/d/df/Tzara_La_Premiere_aventure_celeste_de_Monsieur_Antipyrine_1916.jpg/200px-Tzara_La_Premiere_aventure_celeste_de_Monsieur_Antipyrine_1916.jpg)
- La Première aventure céleste de Monsieur Antipyrine, illustr. Marcel Iancu, Zürich: Collection Dada, 1916. (French)
- Vingt-cinq poèmes, Zürich: Collection Dada, 1918. With illustrations by Hans Arp. (French)
- Vingt cinq poemes/ Douăzeci și cinci de poeme, Bucharest: Vinea, 1998. (Romanian)
- Cinéma calendrier du coeur abstrait. maisons, Zürich: Collection Dada, 1920. With illustrations by Hans Arp. (French)
- Sept manifestes Dada, Paris: Éditions du Diorama, 1924; new ed. as Lampisteries, précédées des Sept manifestes Dada, illustr. Francis Picabia, Paris: Pauvert, 1979, 148 pp. (French)
- Sete Manifestos Dada, illustr. Francis Picabia, trans. Jose Miranda Justo, Lisbon, 1987, 57 pp. (Portuguese)
- Mouchoir de nuages, tragédie en 15 actes, Éditions de la galerie Simon, 1925. (French)
- Indicateur des chemins de coeur, Paris: Jeanne Bucher, 1928. (French)
- L'arbre des voyageurs, Paris: Éditions de la Montagne, 1930. (French)
- L'Homme approximatif, Paris: Imprimerie Union par les Éditions Fourcade, 1931. (French)
- À haute flamme, Paris: Imprimerie Jacquet, 1955. With five drawings by Pablo Picasso. (French)
- 40 chansons et déchansons, Montpellier: Fata Morgana, 1972. (French)
- Gazovoe serdtse. Tri dadagramy, trans. & comm. S. Shargorodsky, Moscow: Salamandra, 2012, 108 pp. (Russian)
Literature
- Elmer Peterson, Tristan Tzara: Dada and Surrational Theorist, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1971, 259 pp.