Michel Foucault

Demonstration in support of immigrant workers. Michel Foucault in the foreground. Paris, 1973. Photo: Gilles Peress.
Born	October 15, 1926(1926-10-15) Poitiers, France
Died	June 25, 1984(1984-06-25) (aged 57) Paris, France

Michel Foucault (born Paul-Michel Foucault, 1926–1984) was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, philologist and literary critic. His theories addressed the relationship between power and knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions. Though often cited as a post-structuralist and postmodernist, Foucault ultimately rejected these labels, preferring to classify his thought as a critical history of modernity.

Bibliography

(in French unless noted)

Monographs

• Maladie mentale et personnalité, Paris: PUF, 1954; 2nd ed. as Maladie mentale et psychologie, Paris: PUF, 1962; 1966.
• Folie et Déraison: histoire de la folie à l'âge classique, Paris: Plon, 1961; 2nd ed. as Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique, Paris: Gallimard, 1972, 585 pp.
• Naissance de la clinique: une archéologie du regard médical, Paris: PUF, 1963.
  • The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, trans. A.M. Sheridan, Routledge, 1973; Tavistock, 1976. (in English)
  • El nacimiento de la clínica: una arqueología de la mirada médica, trans. Francisca Perujo, Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 1966; 2003. (in Spanish) [1]
• Raymond Roussel, Paris: Gallimard, May 1963, 212 pp.
  • Death and the Labyrinth: the World of Raymond Roussel, trans. Charles Ruas, Athlone, 1987, 186 pp. Variant of Chapter 1. (in English)
  • Raymond Roussel, trans. Patricio Canto, Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 1976. (in Spanish)
  • Raymond Roussel, trans. Josef Fulka, Herrmann & synové, 2006, 203 pp. (in Czech)
• Les mots et les choses. Une archéologie des sciences humaines, Paris, 1966.
  • Le parole e le cose. Un’archeologia delle scienze umane, trans. Emilio Panaitescu, Milan: Rizzoli, 1967. (in Italian)
  • Las palabras y las cosas. una arqueología de las ciencias humanas, trans. Elsa Cecilia Frost, Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 1968. (in Spanish)
  • The Order of Things: An Archaeology of Human Sciences, Tavistock, 1970; Routledge, 1989; 1994; 2002; 2005. (in English).
  • Riječi i stvari. Arheologija humanističkih znanosti, trans. Sreten Marić, Belgrade: Nolit, 1971. (in Serbocroatian)
  • Die Ordnung der Dinge. Eine Archäologie der Humanwissenschaften, trans. Ulrich Köppen, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1971; 1974. (in German)
  • Slova i veshchi. Arkheologiya gumanitarnykh nauk, trans. V.P. Vizgin and N.S. Avtomov, 1977; St. Petersburg: A-cad, 1994. (in Russian)
  • As Palavras e as Coisas: Uma arqueologia das ciências humanas, trans. Salma Tannus Muchail, 1981; 8th ed., São Paulo: Martins Fortens, 2000. (in Portuguese)
  • Οι λέξεις και τα πράγματα. Μια αρχαιολογία των επιστημών του ανθρώπου, trans. Κωστής Παπαγιώργης, 1986. (in Greek)
  • Kelimeler ve şeyler. Insan bilimlerinin bir arkeolojisi, trans. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay, Ankara and Istanbul: Imge Kitabevi, 1994; 2nd ed, 2001. (in Turkish)
  • Cuvintele și Lucrurile, o arheologie a științelor umane, trans. Boghdan Ghiu and Mircea Vasilescu, Bucharest: Univers, 1996. (in Romanian)
  • 词与物, 2002. (in Chinese)
  • Slova a věci, trans. Jan Rubáš, Brno: Computer Press, 2007. (in Czech)
• L’Archéologie du savoir, Paris: Gallimard, March 1969.
  • La arqueología del saber, trans. Aurelio Garzón del Camino, Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 1970; 2002. (in Spanish)
  • L’archeologia del sapere: Una metodologia per la storia della cultura, trans. Giovanni Bogliolo, 1971; 4th ed., 2009. (in Italian)
  • The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language, trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith and Rupert Swyer, New York: Pantheon Books, 1972; new.ed. as The Archaeology of Knowledge, Routledge, 2002. (in English)
  • A Arqueologia do Saber, trans. Luiz Felipe Baeta Neves, Rio de Janeiro: Forense Universitária, 1972; 7th ed., 2008. (in Portuguese)
  • Arheologija znanja, trans. Mladen Kozomara, Belgrade, 1998. (in Serbian)
  • Bilginin arkeolojisi, trans. Veli Urhan, Birey, 1999. (in Turkish)
  • Archeologie vědění, trans. Čestmír Pelikán, Herrmann & synové, 2002. (in Czech)
  • Arkheologiya znaniya, trans. М. Б. Ракова and А. Ю. Серебрянникова, St. Petersburg: GA, 2004. (in Russian)
• Ceci n’est pas une pipe, Fata Morgana, 1973.
  • Esto no es una pipa, trans. Francisco Monge, 1981; 3rd ed., 1993. (in Spanish). Chapters 1 and 2.
  • This Is Not a Pipe, trans. James Harkness, University of California Press, 1983, 66 pp. (in English)
  • Isto não é um cachimbo, trans. Jorge Coli, 1988; 5th ed., São Paulo: Paz e terra, 2008. (in Portuguese)
  • Toto nie je fajka, trans. Miroslav Marcelli, Bratislava: Archa, 1994. (in Slovak)
• Surveiller et punir: naissance de la prison, Paris: Gallimard, February 1975.
  • Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan, Vintage Books, 1977; 2nd ed., 1995, 333 pp. (in English)
• Histoire de la sexualité, Paris: Gallimard, 3 Vols, 1976-1984.
  • Vol. 1, La volonté de savoir, 1976.
  • Vol. 2, L'Usage des plaisirs, 1984.
  • Vol. 3, Le Souci de soi, 1984.
  • The History of Sexuality, 3 Vols, trans. Robert Hurley, New York: Pantheon Books, 1978-1986. (in English)
    • Vol. 1, History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction, 1978.
    • Vol. 2, History of Sexuality, Vol. 2: The Use of Pleasure, 1985; Vintage Books, 1990.
    • Vol 3, History of Sexuality, Vol. 3: The Care of the Self, 1986.
  • Istoria sexualităţii, 3 vols, trans. Beatrice Stanciu and Alexandru Onete, Timisoara: Editura de Vest, 1995; Bucharest: Univers, 2005 (in Romanian).
• with Arlette Farge, Le Désordre des familles. Lettres de cachet des Archives de la Bastille au XVIIIe siècle, Paris: Gallimard, 1982, 364 pp. Introduction, [2].
  • The Disorder of Families, trans. Nancy Luxon, University of Minnesota Press, 2015 (forthcoming). (in English)

Editor

• Moi, Pierre Rivière, ayant egorgé ma mére, ma soeur et mon frére. Un cas de parricide au XIXe siècle, 1973, 424 pp; Paris: Gallimard, 2007.
  • I, Pierre Riviere, having slaughtered my mother, my sister, and my brother: A Case of Parricide in the 19th Century: A Case of Parricide in the 19th Century, trans. Frank Jellinek, University of Nebraska Press, 1975, 288 pp. (in English)
• Adélaïde Herculine Barbin: Mes souvenirs, Paris: Gallimard, 1978; 2002.
  • Herculine Barbin, Being the Recently Discovered Memoirs of a Nineteenth-Century French Hermaphrodite, trans. Richard McDougall, Pantheon Books, 1980; Vintage Books, 2010, 199 pp. (in English)
  • Herculine Barbin, Llamada Alexina B., ed. Antonio Serrano, 1985; 2nd ed., 2007. (in Spanish)

Lectures

• "Des Espace Autres", [1967], Architecture, Mouvement, Continuité 5 (October 1984), pp 46-49. (in French). Written in 1967. The text was the basis of a lecture given in March 1967.
  • "Of Other Spaces", trans. Jay Miskowiec, Diacritics 16:1 (Spring 1986), pp 22-27. (in English)
  • "Of Other Spaces, Heterotopias". (in English)
• Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?: séance du samedi 22 février 1969, Paris: Armand Colin, 1970.
• L'ordre du discours, Paris: Gallimard, 1971. Inaugural lecture at Collège de France on 2 December 1970.
  • "The Discourse on Language", trans. Rupert Swyer, Social Science Information (April 1971), pp 7-30; repr. in The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language, New York: Pantheon Books, 1972, pp 215-237. (in English)
  • El orden del discurso, trans. Alberto González Troyano, Buenos Aires: Tusquets, 1992. (in Spanish).
  • Ordinea discursului. Un discurs despre discurs, trans. Ciprian Tudor, Bucharest: Eurosong & Book, 1998. (in Romanian)
• Leçons sur la volonte de savoir. Cours au Collège de France. 1970-1971, eds. François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana, Paris: Seuil/Gallimard, 2011. Weekly lectures, 9 December 1970 – 17 March 1971.
• La Volonté de Savoir, [1970-71], 2011.
  • The Will to Know, 2013. (in English)
• "Le noir et la surface" & "La peinture de Manet", [1971], Cahiers de L’Herne, 2011.
  • Manet and the Object of Painting, trans. Matthew Barr, London: Tate, 2009. (in English)
  • La pintura de Manet, trans. Roser Vilagrassa, 2005. (in Spanish)
• Théories et Institutions Pénales, [1971-72], (forthcoming).
  • Penal Theories and Institutions, (forthcoming). (in English)
• La Société Punitive, [1972-73], 2013.
  • The Punitive Society, (forthcoming). (in English)
• Le pouvoir psychiatrique, [1973-74], 2003.
  • Psychiatric Power, 2006. (in English)
• Les anormaux, [1974-75], 1999.
  • Abnormal, [1974-75], 2003. (in English)
• Il faut défendre la société, [1975-76], Paris: Seuil/Gallimard, 1997; 2001; 2012. [3] [4]
  • Defender la sociedad, trans. François Ewald and Alessandro Fontana, Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2000; 2nd. ed, 2001 (in Spanish).
  • Society Must Be Defended, trans. David Macey, Picador, 2003. (in English)
  • Je třeba bránit společnost, trans. Petr Horák, Prague: Filosofia, 2005. (in Czech)
  • Em defesa da sociedade, trans. Maria Ermantina Galvão, São Paulo: Martins Fortes, 1999; 4th ed., 2005. (in Portuguese)
• Sécurité, territoire, population, [1977-78], 2004.
  • Security, Territory and Population, trans. Graham Burchell, 2007. (in English) [5]
• Naissance de la biopolitique, [1978-79], 2004.
  • The Birth of Biopolitics, trans. Graham Burchell, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, 346 pp. (in English) [6]
  • Nascimento da Biopolítica, trans. Eduardo Brandão and Claudia Berliner, 2008. (in Portuguese)
  • Zrození biopolitiky, trans. Petr Horák, 2009. (in Czech)
• The Politics of Truth, [1978-84], ed. Sylvère Lotringer, trans. Lysa Hochroth & Catherine Porter, Semiotext(e), 2007. (in English)
• Du gouvernement des vivants, [1979-80], 2012.
  • On the Government of the Living, trans. Graham Burchell, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, 448 pp. (in English)
• Subjectivité et Vérité, [1980-81], (forthcoming).
  • Subjectivity and Truth, (forthcoming). (in English)
• L'Herméneutique du sujet, [1981-82], 2001.
  • The Hermeneutics of the Subject, 2005. (in English) [7]
• Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, [1982], eds. Luther H. Martin, Huck Gutman and Patrick H. Hutton, University of Massachusetts Press, 1988, 166 pp. (in English). Given at the University of Vermont in autumn 1982.
• Le Gouvernement de soi et des autres, [1982-83], 2008.
  • The Government of Self and Others, 2010. (in English)
• Le courage de la vérité, [1983-84], 2009.
  • The Courage of Truth (Government of Self and Others 2), 2011. (in English) [8].
• Fearless Speech, [1983], ed. Joseph Pearson, Semiotext(e), 2001, 183 pp. (in English). Six lectures delivered, in English, while teaching at Berkeley in the Fall of 1983.

Collected writings

• Language, Counter-memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, ed. Donald F. Bouchard, 1977; Cornell, 1980. (in English)
• The Foucault Reader, ed. Paul Rabinow, New York: Pantheon Books, 1984. (in English)
• Dits et écrits, 1954-1988, 4 Vols, eds. D. Defert and F. Ewald, Paris: Gallimard, 1994.
  • The Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, ed. Paul Rabinow, trans. Robert Hurley, et al., New York: The New Press, 1997-2000. (in English)
    • Vol. I, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, ed. Paul Rabinow, 1997.
    • Vol. II, Aesthetics, Method and Epistemology, ed. James D. Faubion, 1998.
    • Vol. III, Power, ed. James D. Faubion, 2000.
• The Essential Foucault: Selections from Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, eds. Paul Rabinow and Nikolas Rose, New York: The New Press, 2003. (in English)

Selected Papers and Articles

• "Introduction à l'Anthropologie de Kant", 1961.
  • "Introduction to Kant's Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View", trans. Arianna Bove. (in English)
• "Erotics", trans. Robert Hurley, October 33 (Summer 1985), pp 3-30. Chapter 4 of L'usage des plaisirs, Vol. 2, Paris: Gallimard, 1984. (in English)

Interviews and Debates

• with Guy Hocquenghem and Jean Danet, "La Loi de la pudeur", Recherches 37 (April 1979). Presented on radio on France Culture on 4 April 1978.
  • "The Danger of Child Sexuality", trans. Daniel Moshenberg, Semiotext(e) Magazine (Summer 1980), New York. (in English)
  • "Sexuality Morality and the Law", trans. Alan Sheridan, in Michel Foucault: Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings, ed. Lawrence D. Kritzman, New York: Routledge, 1988; 1990. (in English)
• Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, ed. Colin Gordon, trans. Colin Gordon, Leo Marshal, John Mepham and Kate Sober, New York: Pantheon, 1980. (in English)
• Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings, 1977-1984, ed. Lawrence D. Kritzman, trans. Alan Sheridan, et al., New York: Routledge, 1988; 1990. (in English)
• Foucault Live: Interviews, 1966-84, ed. Sylvère Lotringer, trans. Lysa Hochroth and John Johnston, New York: Semiotext(e), 1989; 2nd ed. as Foucault Live: Collected Interviews, 1961-1984, 1996. (in English)
• with Noam Chomsky, The Chomsky-Foucault Debate: On Human Nature, New York: New Press, 2006. (in English)
• with Jean Le Bitoux, "The Gay Science", trans. Nicolae Morar and Daniel W. Smith, Critical Inquiry 37:3 (Spring 2011), pp 385-403. (in English)

On Foucault

• Hubert L. Dreyfus, Paul Rabinow, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, University of Chicago Press, 1982; 2nd ed., 1983, 256 pp. (in English)
  • Michel Foucault: Zwischen Strukturalismus und Hermeneutik, trans. Claus Rath and Ulrich Raulff, Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum, 1987; Weinheim: Beltz Athenäum, 1994, 327 pp. (in German)
  • Foucault. Uma trajetória filosófica. Para além do estruturalismo e da hermenêutica, trans. Vera Porto Carrero, 1995. (in Portuguese)
• Gilles Deleuze, Foucault, Minuit, 1986.
  • Foucault, trans. José Vázquez Pérez, Barcelona: Paidós Ibérica, 1987. (in Spanish).
  • Foucault, trans. & ed. Seán Hand, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988, 157 pp. (in English)
  • Fuko, trans. Svetlana Stojanović, Sremski Karlovci: Izdavačka knjižarnica Zorana Stojanovića, 1989, 139 pp. (in Serbo-Croatian) [9]
  • Foucault, trans. Bogdan Ghiu, Cluj: Idea Design & Print, 2002. (in Romanian).
• Maurice Blanchot, Michel Foucault tel que je l'imagine, vol. 10, no. 6, illustrations Jean Ipoustéguy, Fata morgana, 1986.
• David Carroll, Paraesthetics: Foucault, Lyotard, Derrida, New York: Routledge, 1987. (in English)
• Gary Gutting, Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Scientific Reason, Cambridge University Press, 1989. (in English)
• François Ewald (ed.), Michel Foucault philosophe, Paris: Seuil, 1989.
  • Michel Foucault philosopher, trans. Timothy J. Armstrong, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992. (in English)
• Didier Eribon, Michel Foucault et ses contemporains, Paris: Fayard, 1994.
  • Michel Foucault y sus contemporáneos, trans. Viviana Ackerman, Buenos Aires: Ediciones Nueva Visión, 1995. (in Spanish)
• Mark Poster, "Michel Foucault: Overview of Career", in The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory, 1997. (in English)
• Jean Zoungrana, Michel Foucault. Un parcours croisé: Lévi-Strauss, Heidegger, Paris: L'Harmattan, 1998.
• Chambon, Adrienne S., Allan Irving, Laura Epstein (eds.), Reading Foucault for Social Work, New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. (in English)
• Judith Revel (ed.), Le vocabulaire de Foucault, Ellipses Édition Marketing S.A., 2002.
• Sara Mills, Michel Foucault, Routledge, 2003. (in English)
• Roger-Pol. Droit, Michel Foucault: entretiens, Odile Jacob, 2004.
• Didier Eribon, Roger Chartier (eds.), Foucault aujourd'hui. Actes des neuvièmes rencontres INA-Sorbonne, 27 novembre 2004, L'Harmattan, 2006.
• Lisa Downing, The Cambridge Introduction to Michel Foucault, Cambridge University Press, 2008. (in English)
• Dianna Taylor (ed.), Michel Foucault: Key Concepts, 2011. (in English)
• Gary Gutting, "Michel Foucault", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2013. (in English)
• Johan Hyrén, Självskapelseetik bortom Foucault: En rättviseteori för ett mångkulturellt, liberalt och demokratiskt samhälle/ An Ethics of Self-creation Beyond Foucault: A Theory of Justice for a Multicultural, Liberal and Democratic Society, University of Göteborg, 2013. Ph.D. thesis. (in Swedish)

Biographies

• Didier Eribon, Michel Foucault, 1926-1984, Paris: Flammarion, 1989.
  • Michel Foucault, trans. Betsy Wing, Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1991. (in English)
  • Michel Foucault, trans. Thomas Kauf, Barcelona: Editorial Anagrama, 1992, 2004 (in Spanish).
• James Miller, The Passion of Michel Foucault, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. (in English)
  • Die Leidenschaft des Michel Foucault, trans. Michael Büsges, Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1995. (in German)
  • La pasion de Michel Foucault, trans. Oscar Luis Molina S., Santiago de Chile: Andres Bello, 1995. (in Spanish)
• Didier Eribon, Michel Foucault, 1926-1984, new ed., Paris: Champs-Flammarion, 2011. (in French)

Bibliographies

• Compiled by Machiel Karskens.
• Select bibliography by and of Foucault. Compiled by Jean-Paul Brodeur. (in French)
• Foucault's shorter works in English. Compiled by Richard A. Lynch.
• At AEJCPP. (in French)
• In Portuguese.
• At Wikipedia

External links

• Resources on Michel Foucault, Department of Communication Studies, University of Minnesota.
• Portail Michel Foucault.
• Foucault on UbuWeb Sound
• Foucault, Info
• Michel Foucault Audio Archive
• Resources on Michel Foucault (in Spanish)
• A blog on Foucault by Jeremy Crampton