Art

	Visual art
Movements – 1990s – East Central Europe – Writers – Historians – Care – Museums – References. Art and culture, Contents, Index, About.

Computer rendering of a photograph in the style of five well-known paintings: The Shipwreck of the Minotaur by J.M.W. Turner, 1805; The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh, 1889; Der Schrei by Edvard Munch, 1893; Femme nue assise by Pablo Picasso, 1910; and Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky, 1913. From Gatys et al 2015: 5.

An annotated index of styles and movements in modern and contemporary art worldwide.

The page brings together some 350 art styles and movements from the 1860s until today. Besides the canonical isms of modern art, it expands the list with movements usually treated as secondary to the visual art canon, such as Lettrism, Situationism, Sound art, Expanded cinema, Neoism, or Software art, and does not leave out non-Western art either.

Introduction

Art historians have debated the limits and bias of style analysis and classification for decades. Despite that, the style remains "inseparable from working concepts of art and its history", while its relevance is now being reaffirmed in an unsuspected way--as a database column in an ever-growing number of art collections. Major art museums adopted it as an organising element of their online catalogues.

Museums present their online databases as neutral resources which often lack acknowledgment of editorial work and instead derive their legitimacy from the reputation of the institution. While they increasingly influence how we (and machines) look at and learn about art, their protocols are rarely discussed. In contrast to the tradition of scholarly argumentation, the context in the database is given by the way its data are interconnected, where each item is defined by the set of its relations to other items. Rather than notions supporting the argument, styles and movements are vectors along which an online collection is designed to be viewed, queried, and referred to. This enables databases to position artworks as belonging to particular styles and movements by the mere designation of a relation. Even though art collections databases are heir to the art-historical tradition, they adjust art to the logic of the relational database--the logic of organising data into rows and columns containing items pointing at one another. The same holds for other attributes of artworks, pre-formatted by the database as lists of authors, materials, years of production, and so on.

There are certainly more strands in datafication of the history of art left for analysis and critique, but this page focuses on this particular phenomenon, takes it one step further--and juxtaposes. It takes styles and movements as represented in online collections of art museums and simply place them next to each other. To achieve greater contrasts, it adds definitions from dictionaries and glossaries in several languages, as well as selected writings of historians, critics, and artists, and recent retrospective exhibitions questioning origin myths of this or that style or movement. As a result, the page brings together some 350 art styles and movements from the 1860s until today as they came to us through these four paths. Besides the canonical isms of modern art, it expands the list with movements usually treated as secondary to the visual art canon, such as Lettrism, Situationism, Sound art, Expanded cinema, Neoism, or Software art, and does not leave out those best represented by works made by others than Western white men either.

Entries are structured in the following way:

The term under which a given style, movement, ism or school came to be established. Preferably in its original language with an English equivalent and optionally frequent synonymous terms. Terms should not be understood as mutually exclusive: body art does not exclude performance art, performance art does not exclude conceptual art, process art does not exclude postminimalism. Where the link is active it leads to a Monoskop page with more detailed information including bibliographies; among the most extensive at the moment are Cubism, Constructivism, Conceptual art, Expanded cinema, Neoism and Sound art.

Major events. Mostly exhibitions, but also group formations, conferences, etc. In most cases, titles are kept in their original languages (English equivalents are chosen for events better known as such today). Links point to event websites and online versions of catalogues.

Major texts. These include manifestos, key essays, magazines, but also later art-historical analyses. Links point to their online versions, some in translation.

Associated artists. Only those participating during the formative years of a given phenomenon are included (i.e. "first" and "second generations"). Many artist names are hyperlinked; as there is not more than one link per artist/group in an entry, the order of preference is as follows: (1) Monoskop wiki page, (2) official home page/estate, (3) major collection with online presence, (4) latest retrospective exhibition with online companion/catalogue. Country shortcuts following names indicate countries where artists were active during periods for which they are associated with a given phenomenon.

Media. "Design" includes the broad area of decorative arts and crafts. If there were notable works created also in architecture, it is indicated, however architects, their works and architectural movements per se are not included in the table (history of 20th-century architecture is treated on a separate page).

Key references.

Works are selected to illustrate the diversity of forms, materials, subject matter, and techniques associated with a term. Size and materials are included and entry in an online catalogue of the collection a work is part of is linked where available. Please note that photo reproductions come from a multitude of collections and parameters under which they were produced vary greatly (no post-processing on our side was done).

Collections. Only those with a database entry for a given term in their online catalogues are included.

Dictionary and glossary entries from sources in multiple languages published in the last twenty years and at least partly freely available online. Bibliographic citations for the abbreviations are listed at the bottom.

An ism, style, movement or school is usually established through a number of players: artists, gallerists, collectors, critics and historians, as well as various institutional mechanisms, professional protocols and personal interests. Different phenomena can serve as triggers--aesthetic and/or sociopolitical visions or their (pejorative) criticism, financial speculation or its rejection--and it may be first recognised decades after its foundational works were made. These issues are documented and analysed in publications, some of which are listed in the column Key texts. Those writings, along with recent large-scale reexaminations informed the selection of formative works and artists for respective entries on this page.

The page puts forward the kind of visual art the historian of modernism wishes to see. Regardless, it does not intend to list the most significant artworks nor the most significant artists of the past 150 years. Admitting a certain power of the concepts of style and movement even today, this page can be seen as an entry point and contextual resource for modern and contemporary art which is not be based primarily on technique, subject matter, material or economic value of works nor on identity of their authors or owners.

First published on 23 May 2016.

Index

Even though it is default, the linear chronology is only one of the parameters for viewing the table: four columns are sortable, and it possible to switch to the visual mode by clicking on any image.

Term	Key events Selected works Collections Dictionaries *	Key texts	Key artists	Media	Ref
Impressionism	1874-86 eight group shows	1874 Leroy	Monet, Renoir, Degas, Cézanne, Pissarro, Manet, Morisot, Sisley, Bazille (FR), Cassatt (US-FR), Caillebotte (FR), Whistler, Sickert, Steer (UK)	painting
	Berthe Morisot, Bateaux en construction [Boats under Construction], 1874. Oil on canvas. 32 x 41 cm. M Marmottan Monet Paris. Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Bal du moulin de la galette [Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette], 1876. Oil on canvas. 131.1 × 175.3 cm. Orsay. Claude Monet, La gare Saint-Lazare [The Saint-Lazare Station], 1877. Oil on canvas. 75 x 104 cm. Orsay. FR Orsay, Orangerie. UK Courtauld, NG London, Tate, Tate Br.I.. US Guggenheim, Met, Met US i., NGA, Philadelphia M, LACMA, MiA, Artic, Denver M. RU Hermitage. NL Gemeente. AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Artsy US i., Google AP. en Grove, Met, SSM, Tate, Tate UK i., Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Arts and Crafts	1884 Art Workers' Guild founded	1887 Cobden-Sanderson 1893 Arts and Crafts Essays	Morris, Rossetti, Brown, Burne-Jones, Ashbee, Voysey (UK)	design	Ruskin 1853
	Tile panel of 66 tiles, designed by Willaim Morris and made by the firm of William de Morgan, 1876. V&A. Screen, designed by John Henry Dearle, manufactured by Morris & Co., 1885-1910. V&A. Opening page from John Ruskin's The Nature of Gothic: The Stones of Venice [1853], 1892, printed by William Morris at the Kelmscott Press in Golden type inspired by the 15th-c. printer Nicolas Jenson. IA. UK V&A, Tate. US Met. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Tate, V&A, Wikipedia. de Hartmann. it Treccani.
Aesthetic Movement, Aestheticism	2011 The Cult of Beauty	1882 Hamilton	Godwin, Whistler, Beardsley, A Moore, Jeckyll, Dresser (UK), Herter Brothers, Ott & Brewer of Trenton, Tiffany, La Forge (US)	painting, design, architecture
	E.W. Godwin, Sideboard, 1867-70 (made). Mahogany, ebonised, with silver-plated handles and inset panels of embossed leather paper. V&A. Christopher Dresser, Teapot, 1879. Electroplated nickel silver with ebony handle. V&A. Aubrey Beardsley's drawing illustrating Salomé by Oscar Wilde, 1894/c1906. From the portfolio of 16 designs. V&A. BL. IA. UK V&A, Tate. US Met. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove DA, Tate, V&A, Wikipedia.
Neo-Impressionism, Divisionism, Pointillism	1886 last Impressionist show	1886 Fénéon	Seurat, Signac, Pissarro, Cross, Luce, Angrand, Dubois-Pillet, Petitjean (FR), Rysselberghe, Finch, Boch, Toorop, Lemmen (BE), Segantini, Previati (IT)	painting	post-impr., anarchism
	Georges Seurat, Un dimanche après-midi à l'Île de la Grande Jatte – 1884 [A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte – 1884], 1884/86. Oil on canvas. 207.5 x 308.1 cm. Artic +. Orsay (study). Orsay (study). Paul Signac, Portrait de Félix Fénéon, Opus 217 [Opus 217. Against the Enamel of a Background Rhythmic with Beats and Angles, Tones, and Tints, Portrait of M. Félix Fénéon in 1890], 1890. Oil on canvas. 73.5 x 92.5 cm. MoMA. Henri-Edmond Cross, L'air du soir [The Evening Air], c1893. Oil on canvas. 116 x 164 cm. Orsay. FR Pompidou d. RU Hermitage. UK Tate. US Met, Met p. INT Artsy, Artsy p., Google AP. en Grove, SSM, Tate, Wikipedia, Wikipedia p. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Symbolism	1997 Symbolism in Britain 2007 Symbolism in Belgium 2012 Australian Symbolism 2015 Symbolism in Bohemian Lands	1891 Aurier 1906-10 Zolotoe runo	Moreau, Chavannes, Redon, Carrière (FR), Böcklin (CH-IT), Burne-Jones (UK), Gauguin (FR), Munch (NO-DE), Hodler (CH), Toorop (ID-NL-BE-UK), Khnopff, Ensor (BE), Picasso (ES), Klimt (AT), Vrubel, Borisov-Musatov (RU), Čiurlionis (LT-PL), Malczewski (PL), Rossetti, Watts (UK), Delville (BE), Klinger (DE-IT), Segantini (AT-IT-CH)	painting, sculpture	Baudelaire 1857, Moréas 1886, mythology
	Gustave Moreau, Œdipe et le Sphinx [Oedipus and the Sphinx], 1864. Oil on canvas. 206.4 x 104.8 cm. Met. Paul Gauguin, D'où venons-nous? Que sommes-nous? Où allons-nous? [Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?], 1897-98. Oil on canvas. 139.1 x 374.6 cm. MFA Boston. Edvard Munch, Livets dans [The Dance of Life], 1899-1900. Oil on canvas, 125 x 191 cm. Final painting in The Frieze of Life series. NM Oslo. GR Costakis. US Met, MiA. AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Guggenheim, Met, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Post-Impressionism	1886-93 Les XX annual shows 1910 Manet and the Post-Impressionists 1912 Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition 1979 Post-Impressionism: Cross-Currents in European Painting	1910 Fry	Cézanne, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin, Seurat, Les Nabis: Sérusier, Bonnard, Vuillard, Denis (FR), Prendergast (US-FR)	painting
	Paul Cézanne, Le Château de Médan [House at Médan], c1880. 83.6 x 96.4 cm. Glasgow M. Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait, 1887. Oil on artist's board, mounted on cradled panel. 41 × 32.5 cm. Artic. Paul Gauguin, Nevermore, 1897. Oil on canvas. 83,7 × 139,1 cm. Courtauld. US Barnes, DIA, Met, Guggenheim, NGA, MiA, Artic. UK Courtauld, NG London, Tate. NL Van Gogh M Amsterdam. RU Hermitage. AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Met, SSM, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Synthetism	1889 Volpini Exhibition		Gauguin, Schuffenecker, Bernard, Laval, Sérusier (FR)	painting	Japanese woodcuts, Cloisonnism
	Paul Gauguin, La Vision après le Sermon (La Lutte de Jacob avec l'Ange) [Vision of the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel)], 1888. Oil on canvas. 72.2 x 91 cm. NG Scotland. Paul Sérusier, Le Talisman [The Talisman, the Aven River at the Bois d'Amour], Oct 1888. Oil on wood. 27 × 21.5 cm. Orsay. Charles Laval, Allant au marché [Going to Market, Brittany], 1894. Oil on canvas. 37.5 × 46 cm. Indianapolis M Art. INT Google AP. en SSM, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. no SNL.
Secession, Sezessionstil	1893 Internationale Kunst-Ausstellung des Vereins bildender Künstler Münchens "Secession" 1898 I. Kunst-Ausstellung der Vereinigung bildender Künstler Österreichs 1899 Deutsche Kunstausstellung der Berliner Secession 1902 Beethovenausstellung +	1898-1903 Ver Sacrum	Stuck, Uhde, Dill, Habermann (DE), Klimt, Hoffmann, Moser, Moll, Kurzweil (AT), Liebermann, Corinth, Leistikow, Slevogt, Beckmann, Barlach (DE)	painting, sculpture, mural, printmaking, craft, design, architecture	impr., art nouveau
	Gustav Klimt, Beethovenfries: Die feindlichen Gewalten, 1902. Secession. Gustav Klimt, Jurisprudenz [Jurisprudence], 1903-07. Oil on canvas. Destroyed 1945. [1] Josef Hoffmann, Sitzmaschine, c1905. Bent beechwood, turned wood, plywood, brass. 106 x 67.5 x 90 cm. Vitra DM. FR Pompidou (select movement). US Frye M, Met v.s. UK V&A. INT Artsy v.s., Google AP V.S. en Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković.
Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Sezessionstil, Style nouille, Modern Style, Glasgow Style, Modernista, Stile Liberty, Stil' modern	1895 L'Art Nouveau gallery opens 1900 Exposition universelle 1901 Glasgow International Exhibition 1902 Esposizione internazionale d'arte decorativa moderna	1889-1914 Le Plume 1893-1964 The Studio 1896-1940 Jugend 1899-1904 Mir iskusstva	Horta, Hankar (BE), Van de Velde (BE-DE), Galle, Feure, Colonna, Gaillard (FR), Mucha (CZ-FR), Fouquet, Bracquemond, Lalique, Chéret, Toulouse-Lautrec (FR), Eckmann, Behrens, Endell, Obrist, Paul, Riemerschmid (DE), Sezession artists and designers (AT-DE), Mackintosh, Macnair, M & F Macdonald, Beardsley (UK), Schechtel (RU), Bugatti (IT), Tiffany (US)	design, architecture, painting, sculpture	botany, nature, Arts and Crafts, Japonisme, Violett-le-Duc
	Alphonse Mucha, Gismonda, 1894. Colour lithograph. 216 x 74.2 cm. Mucha Foundation. Henry van de Velde, Bloemenwerf, c1898. Elm, leather, brass. H 95.6 cm. Met. Peter Behrens, Vase, c1900-05. Porcelain. H 19.4 cm. Met. FR LAD Paris jewelry, LAD Paris glass, Pompidou (select movement). UK V&A, Tate (G.s.). RU Hermitage. NL Gemeente. US Met, MiA. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove DA, Met, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Tate G.s., V&A G.s., Wikipedia. fr Larousse. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Photo-Secession	1902 American Pictorial Photography 1905 The Little Galleries of the Photo-Secession opens (renamed 291 in 1908)	1903-17 Camera Work 1903 Stieglitz 1960 Doty	Stieglitz (US), Steichen (LX-US), White, Käsebier (US), Coburn (US-UK), Eugene (US)	photography	pictorialism, secession
	Gertrude Käsebier, Blessed Art Thou among Women, 1899. Platinum print. 23 x 13.2 cm. Met. MoMA. Artic. Brooklyn M. MIA. Getty. LOC. Reina Sofia. Stedelijk. Edward J. Steichen, The Flatiron, 1904. Gum bichromate over platinum print. 47.8 x 38.4 cm. Met. Whitney. SFMOMA. MIA. LOC. Reina Sofia. V&A. Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907, printed in or before 1913. Photogravure. 32.2 x 25.8 cm. Met. MoMA. Whitney. SFMOMA. Artic. MIA. Brooklyn M. Jewish M. Getty. LOC. Reina Sofia. V&A. NG Scotland. US Met. en Britannica, Grove, Grove US, Met, Tate, Wikipedia.
Fauvism	1905 Salon d'Automne 1906 Salon d'Automne	1905 Vauxcelles 1908 Matisse	Matisse, Camoin, Manguin, Marquet, Derain, de Vlaminck, Braque, Dufy, Friesz (FR), van Dongen (NL-FR), Puy, Valtat, Rouault (FR), Kupka (CZ-FR) (FR)	painting	post-impr.
	Henri Matisse, Femme au chapeau [Woman with a Hat], 1905. Oil on canvas. 80.7 cm x 59.7 cm. SFMOMA. Henri Matisse, Le Bonheur de vivre [The Joy of Life], Oct 1905-Mar 1906. Oil on canvas. 176.5 x 240.7 cm. Barnes. SFMOMA (sketch). André Derain, Les deux péniches, 1906. Oil on canvas. 80 x 97,5 cm. Pompidou. FR Pompidou. US Met, MiA. RU Hermitage. UK Tate. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Met, MoMA, Oxford DA, SSM, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani, Treccani. no SNL.
Expressionism	1905 Brücke founded 1911 Blaue Reiter founded 2015 Storm Women	1906 Brücke Manifesto 1908 Worringer 1912 Blaue Reiter Almanac 1910-32 Der Sturm 1918 November Group Manifesto	Kirchner, Heckel, Marc (DE), Kandinsky, Jawlensky (RU-DE), Schiele, Kokoschka (AT), Nolde, Rohlfs, Schmidt-Rottluff, Pechstein, Macke, Feininger, Dix, Beckmann, Barlach, Kollwitz (DE), Permeke (BE), Váchal (CZ); groups: Brücke, Blaue Reiter, Rheinische Expressionisten, Pathetiker, Novembergruppe, Gruppe 1919 (DE), Latemse School (BE), Osma (CZ)	painting, printmaking (esp. woodcut), sculpture, architecture	Van Gogh, Munch, Klimt, "primitivism", art of children
	Erich Heckel, Fränzi liegend [Fränzi Reclining], 1910. Woodcut. Sheet (irreg.): 35.6 x 55.5 cm. MoMA +. Egon Schiele, Nude Self-Portrait in Gray with Open Mouth, 1910. Black chalk and gouache. 44.8 x 32.1 cm. Leopold M Vienna. Franz Marc, Tierschicksale [The Fate of the Animals], 1913. Oil on canvas. 195 × 263,5 cm. KM Basel. DE Schleswig-Holstein museums, Ziegler, Ketterer. FR Pompidou, Pompidou B. (select movement). AT Leopold M Vienna. US MoMA, Met, Met B., LACMA, MiA. RU Hermitage. NL Gemeente. UK Tate. AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Artsy g.e., Artsy B., Google AP. en Grove, Grove B., Guggenheim, MoMA, Oxford DA, SSM B., Tate, Tate g.e., Tate B., Wikipedia, Wikipedia g.e., Wikipedia B. it Treccani. es Akal B. cr Šuvaković, Šuvaković g.e. no SNL, SNL B.
Cubism	1907 Kahnweiler Gallery opens 1911 Salle 41 at Salon des Indépendants 1912 Salon de la Section d'or 1913 Armory Show 1936 Cubism and Abstract Art	1908 Vauxcelles 1912 Gleizes & Metzinger 1920 Kahnweiler 1939/1951 Barr 1972 Steinberg	Picasso (ES-FR), Braque (FR), Gris (ES-FR), Léger, Metzinger, R Delaunay, Gleizes, Archipenko (UA-FR), Duchamp, Duchamp-Villon (FR), Le Fauconnier, Lipchitz (LT-FR), Laurens (FR), Picabia (FR), Zadkine (RU-FR), Csaky (HU-FR), Kupka (CZ-FR), Marcoussis, La Fresnaye, Chagall, Lhôte (FR), Rivera (MX), Filla, Beneš (CZ)	painting, sculpture, drawing, collage, construction, assemblage, architecture	Cézanne, "primitivism"
	Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Jun-Jul 1907. Oil on canvas. 243.9 x 233.7 cm. MoMA. Georges Braque, Le Portugais (L'émigrant) [The Portuguese (Emigrant)], 1911-12. Oil on canvas. 116.7 x 81.5 cm. KM Basel. Pablo Picasso, Nature morte à la chaise cannée [Still Life with Chair Caning], Spring 1912. Oil on oil-cloth over canvas edged with rope. 29 × 37 cm. M Picasso Paris. FR Pompidou. US Lauder/Met +, Guggenheim, MiA. RU Hermitage. UK Tate. CZ Czech Cubism M Prague. AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Google AP, (more). en Britannica, Grove, Met, MoMA, Monoskop, Pompidou, SSM, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Futurism	1910 first series of serate evenings 1912 Les peintres futuristes italiens 1961 Futurism MoMA 1986 Futurism & Futurisms Venice 2009 Futurism Tate 2014 Italian Futurism, 1909-1944 Guggenheim	1909 Marinetti 1910 Boccioni et al 1911 Bragaglia 1912 Boccioni 1913 Russolo	Marinetti, Boccioni, Balla, Carrà, Severini, Russolo, Bragaglia, Prampolini (IT)	painting, sculpture, photography, printmaking, film, architecture	symbolism, neo-impr., cubism
	Anton Giulio Bragaglia, Salutando, [Waving], 1911. Gelatin silver print. Image: 8 x 10.7 cm. Giacomo Balla, Dinamismo di un Cane al Guinzaglio [Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash], 1912. Oil on canvas. 89.9 x 109.9 cm. Albright-Knox Buffalo. Umberto Boccioni, Forme uniche della continuità nello spazio [Unique Forms of Continuity in Space], 1913 (cast 1931). Bronze. 111.2 x 88.5 x 40 cm. M del Novecento Milan. MoMA. Met. Tate. Kröller-Müller. KH Mannheim. IT Mattioli/Guggenheim. FR Pompidou. US Guggenheim, Met, MiA. UK Tate. GR Costakis books. INT Artsy, Google AP. en EUA, Grove, Monoskop, Oxford DA, Pompidou, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Cubo-Expressionism	1912 Group of Plastic Artists	1967 Lamač	Kubišta, Čapek, Gutfreund, Filla, Kubín, Beneš, Procházka, Zrzavý, Group of Plastic Artists (CZ)	painting, sculpture, architecture, film	expr., cubism
	Otto Gutfreund, Úzkost [Anxiety], 1911. Bronze. H 147 cm. MU Olomouc. KM Bochum (study). Otakar Kubín, Lidské bídy [Human Misery], 1914. Woodcut. Series of 6. Sheet: 21.6 x 24.1 cm. U Chicago. Full portfolio. Bohumil Kubišta, Oběšenec [Hanged], 1915. Oil on canvas. 50 x 30.5 cm. Moravia Gallery Brno.
Orphism, Simultanism, Orphic Cubism	1913 Salon des Indépendants	1913 Apollinaire	R Delaunay, S Delaunay (FR), Kupka (CZ-FR), Exter (UA-FR)	painting	cubism, light, abstraction
	Robert Delaunay, Les Fenêtres simultanée sur la ville [Simultaneous Windows on the City], 1912. 40 x 46 cm. Kunsthalle Hamburg. From the Windows series of 23 paintings and drawings. František Kupka, Amorpha, fugue a deux couleurs [Amorpha: Fugue in Two Colours], 1912. Oil on canvas. 210 x 200 cm. NG Prague. Studies: Pompidou, MoMA, Guggenheim, Guggenheim Venice. Second in the series: MA Cleveland. Sonia Delaunay (ill.), Blaise Cendrars (text), La Prose du Transsibérien et de la petite Jehanne de France, 1913. Illustrated book with pochoir. Page: 207.4 x 36.2 cm. PDF. Log. Beinecke. British Library. MoMA. FR Pompidou. US Guggenheim, MiA. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Grove, Tate, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani, Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Blaue Reiter	1911 group founded 1911 Die erste Ausstellung der Redaktion Der Blaue Reiter 1912 Die zweite Ausstellung der Redaktion Der Blaue Reiter Schwarz-Weiß	1911 Kandinsky 1912 Blaue Reiter Almanac	Kandinsky (RU-DE), Marc, Münter (DE), Kubin (AT), Klee (CH-DE), Macke (DE), Jawlensky, Werefkin (RU-DE)	painting, printmaking	expr., futurism, fauvism, cubism, "primitivism", child art
	Franz Marc, Tiger, 1912. Oil on canvas. 111 x 111.5 cm. Lenbachhaus Munich. Wassily Kandinsky, Composition VII, 1913. Oil on canvas. 200 х 300 cm. Tretyakov. Paul Klee, Garten der Leidenschaft [Garden of Passion], 1913. Etching in black-brown with plate tone. One of 40 copies on this type of paper. Plate: 9,8 x 14,4 cm. NGA. MoMA. SFMOMA. Artic. Yale. Harvard. Ketterer. DE Lenbachhaus Munich. FR + (select movement). US Met. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Oxford DA, Wikipedia. it Treccani. es Akal. no SNL.
Neo-Primitivism	1912 Oslinyi khvost 1913 Mishen'	1913 Shevchenko	Larionov, Goncharova, Malevich, Shevchenko, Chagall, D Burliuk, Filonov, Donkey's Tail group (RU)	painting	lubok, icons, peasant art & craft
	Mikhail Larionov, Barber, 1907. Oil on canvas. State Russian M. Natalia Goncharova, Evangelisty. Tetratikh [Евангелисты. Тетраптих; Four Evangelists], 1911. Oil on canvas. 204 х 58 cm (each part). State Russian M. Kazimir Malevich, Floor Polishers, 1911. Gouache on paper. 77,7 x 71 cm. Stedelijk. US MiA. en Oxford DA, Wikipedia.
Cubo-Futurism	1913 Victory Over the Sun 1915 Tramway V 1915 0.10	1912 A Slap in the Face of Public Taste 1914 Bogomazov	D Burliuk, Larionov, Goncharova, Malevich, Rozanova (RU), Exter (UA-FR), Lentulov (RU-FR), Tatlin, Popova, Kliun (RU), Bogomazov (UA), Hylaea group (RU)	painting	cubism, futurism
	David Burliuk, Sibirskaya flotilia (portret moryaka) [Siberian Flotilla (Portrait of a Sailor)], 1911. Oil on canvas. 46 x 38 cm. Kazimir Malevich, Tochil'schik printsip mel'kaniia [The Knife Grinder or Principle of Glittering], 1912-13. Oil on canvas. 79.5 x 79.5 cm. Yale. Lyubov Popova, Seated Figure, 1914-15. Oil on canvas. GR Costakis. FR Pompidou. en Grove, Oxford DA, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković.
Rayonism, Rayism, Luchism	1913 Mishen'	1913 Larionov	Larionov, Goncharova (RU)	painting	futurism
	Mikhail Larionov, Steklo [Glass], 1912. Oil on canvas. 104.1 x 97.1 cm. Guggenheim. Mikhail Larionov, Rayonist Composition: Domination of Red, 1912-13. Oil on canvas. 52.7 x 72.4 cm. MoMA. Natalia Goncharova, Koshki [luchistoe vospr.{iiatie} rozovoe, chernoe i zheltoe] [Cats (rayist percep.[tion] in rose, black, and yellow], 1913. Oil on canvas. 85.1 x 85.7 cm. Guggenheim. FR Pompidou. INT Google AP. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. no SNL.
Vorticism	1914 Rebel Art Centre 1915 Vorticist Group 1917Exhibition of the Vorticists at the Penguin 2010 Vorticists: Rebel Artists in London and New York, 1914-1918 + +	1914 Lewis et al 1914-5 Blast 1914 Pound	W Lewis (UK), Gaudier-Brzeska (FR-UK), Jacob Epstein (US-UK), Wadsworth, Bomberg (UK), Coburn (US-UK), W Roberts, Saunders, Dismorr, Etchells (UK)	painting, sculpture, printmaking, drawing	futurism, cubism, machine
	Jacob Epstein, Rock Drill, 1913. Displayed at Brighton City Art Gallery Dec 1913-Jan 1914. Now lost. Tate (torso). Wyndham Lewis, Workshop, c1914-15. Oil paint on canvas. Support: 76,5 x 61 cm, frame: 91 x 76 cm. Tate. Edward Wadsworth, Dazzle-ships in Drydock at Liverpool, 1919. Oil on canvas. 304.8 x 243.8 cm. NG Canada. UK Tate, V&A. FR Pompidou. en Grove, Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Suprematism	1915 0.10 1919 X Gosudarstvennaya vystavka 1922 Erste russische Kunstausstellung 1927 Grosse Berliner Kunstausstellung	1915 Malevich 1927 Malevich	Malevich (RU-BY), Kliun, Rozanova, Menkov, Udaltsova, Puni (RU), Lissitzky, Suetin (RU-BY), Chashnik, Khidekel (BY-RU), groups: Supremus (RU), Unovis (RU-BY)	painting, sculpture, design, craft, architecture	zaum, fourth dimension
	Kazimir Malevich, Chernyy suprematicheskiy kvadrat [Черный супрематический квадрат; Black Suprematic Square], 1915. Oil on canvas. 79,5 х 79,5 cm. Tretyakov. El Lissitzky, Proun 1A (Most) [Proun 1A (Bridge)], 1919. Gouache. 8,5 x 15 cm. Private coll. Stedelijk. Kazimir Malevich, Arkhitekton Gota [Gota Architecton], 1923. Plaster. 85,3 x 56 x 52,5 cm. Russian State M. Pompidou (1978). MoMA (photo c1936). [2] GR Costakis. FR Pompidou (select movement). US Guggenheim, MiA. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković.
Activists, Hungarian Activists	1914 group founded 1916-17 Fiatalok shows 1973 Magyar Aktivizmus 2016 A magyar aktivizmus, 1914-1927	1915-16 A Tett 1916-26 Ma 1971 Szabó	Kassák, Uitz, Bortnyik, Tihanyi, Mattis-Teutsch, Nemes-Lampérth, Kmetty (HU), Dobrović (SR-HU)	painting, printmaking	expr., cubism, constr.
	Lajos Kassák, Képarchitektúra [Picture Architecture], 1922. Gouache on paper. 26 x 20 cm. Béla Uitz, Ikonanalízis [Icon Analysis], 1922. Oil on canvas. 156 x 142 cm. MNG Budapest. Sándor Bortnyik, Az új Ádám [The New Adam], 1924. Oil on canvas. 48,3 x 38 cm. MNG Budapest. en Oxford DMCA. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal, Wikipedia-HU.
Dada	1916 Cabaret Voltaire events 1920 Erste Internationale Dada-Messe 1921 Salon Dada 1953 Dada 1916-1923 2005 Dada +	1916 Cabaret Voltaire (ed. Ball) 1917 The Blindman (ed. Duchamp) 1917-21 Dada (ed. Tzara) 1917-24 391 (ed. Picabia) 1922-23 Mécano (ed. Doesburg) 1923-32 Schwitters' Merz	Ball (DE-CH), Tzara (RO-CH-FR), Richter (DE-CH), Janco (RO-CH), Arp (DE-CH), Taeuber (CH), Picabia (FR), Duchamp (FR-US), Schwitters (DE), Höch, Hausmann, Heartfield, Grosz, Ernst (DE), Ray (US-FR), Doesburg (NL), Freytag-Loringhoven (DE-US)	performance, collage, photography, photomontage, printmaking, painting, film
	Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919. Rectified ready-made: pencil on reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. 19.7 x 12.4 cm. Pompidou. Pompidou (1930). NGA. versions. Hannah Höch, Schnitt mit dem Küchenmesser Dada durch die letzte Weimarer Bierbauch-Kulturepoche Deutschlands [Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany], 1919. Collage. 114 x 90 cm. NG Berlin. Raoul Hausmann, Mechanischer Kopf: der Geist unserer Zeit [Mechanical Head: The Spirit of Our Age], c1919. Hairdresser's wig-making dummy, crocodile wallet, ruler, pocket watch mechanism and case, bronze segment of old camera, typewriter cylinder, segment of measuring tape, collapsible cup, the number "22", nails, and bolt. 32,5 x 21 x 20 cm. Pompidou. NGA. DE Berlinische. FR Pompidou. US Guggenheim, Met, MiA. UK Tate. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove US, Grove, MoMA, Monoskop, Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Metaphysical Art, Pittura Metafisica	1921 Valori plastici	1913 Apollinaire 1918-22 Valori plastici 1919 Carrà	de Chirico (IT-FR), Carrà, Morandi, Sironi, Casorati, de Pisis (IT)	painting	Nietzsche, symbolism, Giotto
	Giorgio de Chirico, Le Muse inquietanti [The Disquieting Muses], c1917. Oil on canvas. 94 × 62 cm. Pinakothek Monaco. Carlo Carrà, La musa metafisica [The Metaphysical Muse], 1917. Oil on canvas. 90 x 66 cm. Pinacoteca di Brera Milan. Giorgio Morandi, Grande natura morta metafisica [Large Metaphysical Still Life], 1918. Oil on canvas. FR Pompidou (select movement). UK Tate. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. no SNL.
De Stijl, Neo-Plasticism	1923 Les Architectes du groupe De Stijl 2010 Mondrian/De Stijl	1917-32 De Stijl 1917 Mondrian 1918 van Doesburg et al 1925 Mondrian 1925 van Doesburg	van Doesburg (NL), Mondrian (NL-FR), Huszár (HU-NL), van der Leck (NL)	painting, sculpture, printmaking, architecture, design	cubism, abstraction
	Theo van Doesburg, Glas-in-loodcompositie IV [Stained-Glass Composition IV], 1917. Stained glass window, three sections. 286.5 x 56.6 cm each. Designed for the De Lange House, Alkmaar. Kröller-Müller. Tate. Piet Mondrian, Compositie met geel, rood, zwart, blauw en grijs [Composition with Yellow, Red, Black, Blue, and Gray], 1920. Oil on canvas. 51.5 x 61 cm. Stedelijk. Vilmos Huszar, Mechanisch dansende figuur [Mechano-Dancer], 1922. Photomontage. Private collection, NY. NL Gemeente. FR Pompidou D.S. (select movement), + N. (select movement). US Met, MiA. UK Tate, V&A. INT Artsy, Artsy n.p., Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Grove, Guggenheim, Oxford DA, Oxford DA, Pompidou, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani, Treccani (e.). cr Šuvaković. no SNL, SNL, SNL (e.).
Formism	1917 I wystawa Ekspresjonistów Polskich 1919 I wystawa Formistów Polskich	1918 Chwistek 1919 Witkacy 1919-21 Formiści	Czyżewski, Chwistek, Witkiewicz, A Pronaszko, Z Pronaszko (PL)	painting	expr., cubism, futurism
	Leon Chwistek, Szermierka [Fencing], c1919. Oil on cardboard. 70 x 100 cm. MN Kraków. WMM. Tytus Czyżewski, Akt z kotkiem [Nude with Cat], 1920. Oil on canvas. 76 x 96 cm. MN Warsaw. Zbigniew Pronaszko, Akt we wnętrzu (Wnętrze) [Nude in an Interior (The Interior)], c1920. Oil on canvas. 150 x 125 cm. MN Kraków. PL MN Warsaw +. en Monoskop.
Purism	1918 Ozenfant et Jeanneret 1921 Ozenfant et Jeanneret peintres puristes	1918 Jeanneret & Ozenfant 1920-5 L'Esprit nouveau 1921 Ozenfant & Jeanneret 1925 Ozenfant & Jeanneret 1928 Ozenfant	Jeanneret (CH-FR), Ozenfant, Léger (FR)	painting, architecture	cubism, machine
	Amédée Ozenfant, Nature morte [Still Life], 1920. Oil on canvas. 80.5 x 100.3 cm. NGV Melbourne. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, Nature morte (Nature morte "l'Effort Moderne"; Nature morte Léonce Rosenberg) [Still Life], 1922. Oil on canvas. 65 x 81 cm. Pompidou. Fernand Léger, The Baluster, 1925. Oil on canvas. 129.5 x 97.2 cm. MoMA. FR Pompidou. UK Tate. US Guggenheim, Met, MiA. INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Agitprop	1918 ROSTA established 1920 Agit-prop Dept established	1918 Lenin's call for monumental propaganda	Cheremnykh, Mayakovsky, Moor, Rodchenko (RU), Exter (UA-FR), Popova, Rozanova, Tatlin (RU), Klutsis (LV-RU)	design, printmaking, sculpture
	El Lissitzky, Klinom krasnym bey belykh [Клином красным бей белых; Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge], 1919-20. Lithograph. 23 × 19 cm. Van Abbemuseum. ROSTA Collective (Mayakovsky), Khochesh? - Vstupi. ROSTA No 867 [Хочешь? - вступи. Роста No 867], [Jan 1921]. Poster. Ekran. Design for Screen, Rostrum and Propaganda Stand, 1922. drawing, 34,7x19 cm. Costakis. en Grove DA, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Wikipedia.
Bauhaus	1919 Bauhaus founded 1923 Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar, 1919-1923 1938 Bauhaus 1919–1928	1919 Gropius 1923 Gropius 1925-29 Bauhausbücher	Gropius, Itten, Feininger, Schlemmer (DE), Klee (CH-DE), Kandinsky (RU-DE), Moholy-Nagy (HU-AT-DE), Bayer, Breuer, Albers (DE)	painting, sculpture, mural, printmaking, photography, design, textiles, architecture	expr., constr., functionalism
	Gunta Stölzl, Schlitzgobelin Rot-Grün [Red-Green Slit Tapestry], 1927-28. Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin +. Paul Klee, Burg und Sonne [Castle and Sun], 1928. Oil on canvas. 50 x 59 cm. Private coll. László Moholy-Nagy, Lichtrequisit einer elektrischen Buehne [Light Prop for an Electric Stage, now known as Light-Space Modulator], 1922-30. Kinetic sculpture of aluminum, steel, nickel-plated brass, other metals, plastic, wood and electric motor. 151.1 x 69.9 x 69.9 cm. Harvard. Bauhaus-Archiv Berlin (1970) [3]. Van Abbemuseum (1970). photos: MoMA, Getty, NGC. more. DE Bauhaus-Archiv. US Guggenheim, Met, MiA. FR Pompidou. UK Tate, V&A. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Met, Met photogr., Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Larousse. it Treccani. es Akal. cr Šuvaković.
Constructivism	1921 INKhUK debate 1921 Vtoraya vesennyaya vystavka Obmokhu 1922 Düsseldorf congress 1922 Weimar congress 1922 First Russian Art Exhibition more	1920 Gabo 1922 Rodchenko, Stepanova, et al. 1922 Gan	Tatlin, Gabo, Rodchenko, Popova (RU), Stepanova (LT-RU), Stenberg bros, Medunetsky (RU), Ioganson, Klutsis (LV-RU), Vesnin brothers (RU), Kobro (RU-PL), Strzemiński (PL-RU), Szczuka (PL), Kassák (HU), more	spatial construction, set design, graphic design
	Naum Gabo, Constructed Head No. 2, c1916. Galvanised iron painted yellow ochre. 45x40.5x40.5 cm. Tate. More works in the series. Alexander Rodchenko, "Ellipse" from his Second Series of Spatial Constructions, 1920-21. Plywood, open construction partially painted with aluminum paint, and wire. 61x84x47 cm. MoMA. More works in the series. Vladimir Tatlin, model for the Monument to the Third International, 1920. More images. GR Costakis. US Guggenheim. FR Pompidou. UK Tate, Tate UK c. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Monoskop, Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Zenitism	1924 Première exposition internationale d'art nouveau	1921-26 Zenit 1921 Micić 1921 Goll 1921 Micić, Goll, Tokin	Petrov (SR), Klek/Seissel, Gecan (CR)	painting, printmaking	expr., constr., futurism, dada
	Mihailo Petrov, Autoportret [Self-Portrait], 1921, printed 1971. Linocut. MSU Belgrade. Jo Klek, Pafama, 1922. Collage; pastel/paper. 17 x 17 cm. MSU Zagreb. [4] Mihailo Petrov, Kompozicija 77 [Composition 77], 1924. Gouache on paper. 31 x 23.5 cm. MSU Belgrade. CR Sudac. en Monoskop, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković.
Muralismo, Mexican Muralism, Indigenismo	1921 Vasconcelos's mural program launched	1921 Siqueiros 1924 Siqueiros et al	Orozco, Rivera, Siqueiros, Tamayo (MX), Mérida (GT-MX), Leal, Revueltas, Montenegro, O'Gorman (MX), Charlot (FR-MX), Castellanos (MX), Sabogal (PE), Guzmán de Rojas (BO), Egas, Guayasamín (EC), Acuña Tapias (CO)	mural painting	Italian Renaissance, 1900s-20s avant-garde art, neoclassicism, Marx & Lenin
	José Clemente Orozco, La trinchera [The Trench], 1926. Fresco. National Preparatory School, Mexico City. San Ildefonso. Diego Rivera, West wall of the mural cycle Epopeya del pueblo mexicano [Epic of the Mexican People], 1929-30. Fresco. ca 8.59 x 12.87 m. Palacio Nacional, Mexico City. Schalkwijk. Juan O'Gorman, The Colonial Past, 1949-52. Mosaic on the Central Library, Mexico University, Mexico City. US WPA. INT Schalkwijk Archive, Artsy. en Tate mm, Tate i, Oxford DA mm, Wikipedia. es Akal m.
Modernismo Brasileiro	1922 Semana de Arte Moderna	1922-23 Klaxon	Malfatti, Di Cavalcanti, Monteiro, Tarsila (BR), Brecheret (IT-BR), Segall (LT-DE-BR), Graz, Gomide, Nery, Dias (BR), Goeldi (BR-CH), Guignard (BR-DE)	painting, drawing, sculpture	cubism, futurism, surrealism
	Lasar Segall, Bananal [Banana Grove], 1927. Oil on canvas. 87 x 127 cm. Folha. Tarsila do Amaral, Abaporu, 1928. Oil on canvas. 85 x 73 cm. MALBA Buenos Aires. Folha. Estate. Emiliano Di Cavalcanti, Cinco moças de Guaratinguetá [Five Girls from Guaratinguetá], 1930. Oil on canvas. 92 x 70 cm. MASP São Paulo. Folha. en Tate. pt Wikipedia-PT.
Stridentism, Estridentismo	1924 first Stridentist exhibition	1921 Maples Arce 1923 Maples Arce 1924 Irradiador 1926 List Arzubide	Revueltas, Alva de la Canal, Méndez, Cueto (MX)	performance, printmaking, sculpture, painting	futurism, ultraism, modernisation, technology
	Ramón Alva de la Canal, Edificio estridentista, 1921. Fermín Revueltas, Andamios exteriores, 1923. Watercolor on paper. 26.5 x 32.5 cm. MUNAL. Germán Cueto, Máscara III, 1924. Painted cardboard. 53.5 x 41 x 9 cm. Blaisten México DF. en Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia.
Harlem Renaissance, New Negro Movement	1928-33 Exhibit of Fine Arts Productions of American Negro Artists series	1925 The New Negro: An Interpretation 1926 Fire!! 1940 Locke 1943 Porter	Fuller, Douglas, Motley, Hayden, MG Johnson, LM Jones, Bearden, J Lawrence, NW Lewis, Catlett, Parks (US)	painting, sculpture, mural, printmaking
	Meta Warrick Fuller, Ethiopia Awakening, c1921. Bronze. 170.2 x 40.6 x 51 cm. Schomburg/NYPL. Aaron Douglas, Aspects of Negro Life, 1934. Oil on canvas. Schomburg/NYPL. from the series. Loïs Mailou Jones, Les Fétiches, 1938. Oil on linen. 64.7 x 54 cm. SAAM. US Smithsonian, SLAM, Met, Artic, Schomburg/NYPL. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove US, Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia.
Unism	1927 Strzemiński's first solo show	1924 Strzemiński 1928 Strzemiński 1931 Strzemiński & Kobro	Strzemiński (PL-RU), Kobro (RU-PL), Stażewski (PL)	painting, sculpture, architecture, design	suprematism, De Stijl
	Katarzyna Kobro, Kompozycja przestrzenna (1) [Spatial Composition (1)], 1925. Painted steel. 14 x 39,5 x 53,5 cm. From the series of eight Spatial Compositions. MS Łódź. [5] Władysław Strzemiński, Kompozycja architektoniczna (1) [Architectonic Composition (1)], 1926. Oil on canvas. 90 x 64 cm. MS Łódź. [6] Katarzyna Kobro, Kompozycja przestrzenna (4) [Spatial Composition (4)], 1929. Painted steel. 40 x 64 x 40 cm. MS Łódź. pl Wikipedia-PL.
Neues Sehen New Vision	1929 Film und Foto 1931 Fotomontage	1925 Moholy-Nagy 1929 Roh 1929 Moholy-Nagy	Moholy-Nagy (HU-DE), Lissitzky (RU-DE), Rodchenko (RU), Bayer (AT-DE), Peterhans (DE), Citroen (DE-NL), Umbo, Renger-Patzsch, Biermann (DE), Man Ray (US-FR), Moholy (CZ-DE), Henri (US-DE-FR), Krull (DE-FR), Funke, Rössler (CZ), Finsler (CH-DE), Stone (RU-DE), Consemüller (DE)	photography, photogram, photomontage	Bauhaus
	Paul Citroen, Weltstadt (Meine Geburtsstadt) [Metropolis (City of My Birth)], 1923. Gelatin silver print. 20.3 x 15.3 cm. MoMA. [7] El Lissitzky, Self-Portrait (The Constructor), 1924. Gelatin silver print. 13.9 x 8.9 cm. MoMA. V&A. [8] László Moholy-Nagy, Berlin, Funkturm [Berlin, Radio Tower], 1928. Gelatin silver print. 38.1 x 27.8 cm. MoMA. NGA. Artic. [9] DE Folkwang. US Thomas Walther/MoMA. FR Pompidou (select movement). en Met, Tate, Wikipedia.
Neue Sachlichkeit, New Objectivity	1925 Die neue Sachlichkeit 2015 New Objectivity, 1919-1933	1922 Das Kunstblatt 9 1925 Hartlaub 1925 Roh	verists: Dix, Grosz, Beckmann, Schad, Schlichter, Hubbuch, Scholz; classicists: Kanoldt, Schrimpf, Mense, Davringhausen, Schnarrenberger, Viegener; photography: Renger-Patzsch, Sander (DE)	painting, photography	pittura metafisica
	George Grosz, Die Stützen der Gesellschaft [Pillars of Society], 1926. NNG Berlin. August Sander, Handlanger [Handyman], 1926. Gelatin silver print. 39.8 x 30 cm. From the series Menschen des 20. Jahrhunderts [Men of the Twentieth Century] (1927). Sprengel. Pinakothek Munich. Tate. NGS. Christian Schad, Selbstbildnis mit Modell [Self-Portrait with Model], 1927. Oil on wood. Support: 76 x 61.5 cm. Tate. DE Lenbachhaus Munich. UK Tate. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy, Google AP. en Guggenheim, Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Surrealism	1925 La Peinture surréaliste 1936 Exposition surréaliste d'objects 1936 International Surrealist Exhibition 1936 Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism 1938 Exposition internationale du surréalisme 1972 Surrealism 1922–1942	1924 Breton 1925-27 Breton 1929 Breton 1930 Bataille et al 1985 Krauss	Ernst, Arp (DE-FR), Man Ray (US-FR), Masson (FR), Miró (ES), Tanguy (FR), Magritte, Mesens (BE), Giacometti (CH-FR), Sima (CZ-FR), Dalí (ES), Penrose (UK-FR), Toyen, Štyrský (CZ-FR), Brauner (RO-FR), Koga (JP), Ubac (BE-FR), Oppenheim (DE-CH), Domínguez (ES), Paalen (AT-MX), Delvaux (BE), Tanning (US), Matta (CL), Fini (AR), Lam (CU-FR)	painting, sculpture, drawing, collage, relief, film	automatism, Freud's psychoan., dada
	Man Ray, Cadeau [Gift], 1921.Painted flatiron and 14 iron tacks. 15.8 x 9 x 9 cm. Original now lost. Tate. MoMA. Artic. NGA Australia. Max Ernst, La forêt [The Forest], 1927-28. Oil on canvas. 96.3 x 129.5 cm. From a series. Guggenheim. Grenoble M. Sprengel. Artic. NGS. Melki. René Magritte, Les Amants [The Lovers], 1928. Oil on canvas. 54 x 73.4 cm. Second of four variations. MoMA. NGA Australia. FR Pompidou (select movement). UK Tate, NGS, V&A. US Guggenheim, Met, MiA. AR MNBA. AU NGA. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Met, Met photogr., MoMA, Monoskop, Oxford DA, Pompidou, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Art Deco	1925 Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels	1912 Vera	Poiret, Süe, Mare, Dunand, Follot, Legrain, Puiforcat, Ruhlmann (FR), studios: Atelier Martine, Atelier Français, Compagnie des arts français (FR)	furniture, pottery, textiles, jewellery, glass	art nouveau
	André Mare, Paravent "Les Faunes", c1920. Enamel paint on parchment glued on wood panels, gilt brass mounts. LAD Paris. Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann, Cabinet "État Rectangle", c1922-23. Amaranth, ivory, ebony, bronze. 126,7 x 84 x 31,5 cm. LAD Paris. Met. Pierre Legrain, Chaise africaine, c1924. Palm wood, plywood, sheep skin. LAD Paris. FR LAD Paris + +, Pompidou (select movement). UK V&A. NL Gemeente. US Met, MiA. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Grove DA, Met, Tate, V&A, Wikipedia. fr Larousse. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković.
Artificialism	1926 Štyrský & Toyen's first solo show	1927 Štyrský & Toyen	Štyrský, Toyen	painting, drawing, collage	surrealism, poetry
	Toyen, Fata morgana, 1926. Oil on canvas. 100 x 73 cm. Jindřich Štyrský, Chrpy (Květy ve sněhu), 1927. Oil on canvas. 46 x 61 cm. Kodl. cz ArtsLexikon. cr Šuvaković.
Socialist Realism	1928 10-letiye Krasnoy Armii 1935 Pervaya vystavka leningradskikh khudozhnikov	1933 Beskin 1934 Zhdanov 1936 Zhdanov	Deineka, Brodsky, Gerasimov, B Ioganson, Samokhvalov, Plastov, Nissky, Pimenov, Laktionov (RU), Khmelko (UA), associations: AKhRR, Society of Easel Painters/OSt (RU)	painting, sculpture, mural, architecture	Peredvizhniki, agitprop
	Alexander Deineka, Na stroyke novykh tsekhov [На стройке новых цехов; Building New Industrial Plants], 1926. Oil on canvas. 209 × 200 cm. Tretyakov. Isaak Brodsky, V.I. Lenin v Smol'nom [В.И. Ленин в Смольном; Lenin in the Smolny Palace], 1930. Oil on canvas. 190 x 287 cm. Tretyakov. Aleksandr Gerasimov, V.I. Lenin na tribune [В.И. Ленин на трибуне; Lenin on the Tribune], 1930. Oil on canvas. 288 x 177 cm. GIM Moscow. RU IRRI. UK Art Russe, Tate. US MORA. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy, Google AP. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
Precisionism	1960 The Precisionist View in American Art	1927 Barr 1943-5 Brown	Sheeler, O'Keeffe, Demuth, Ault, Driggs, Dickinson, Hirsch, Lozowick, Spencer, Stella (US)	painting, drawing, printmaking	cubism, dada, realism, modernisation, machine
	Georgia O'Keeffe, Black Iris, 1926. Oil on canvas. 91.4 x 75.9 cm. Met. Charles Demuth, My Egypt, 1927. Whitney. Charles Sheeler, American Landscape, 1930. Oil on canvas. 61 x 78.8 cm. MoMA. US Met, MiA. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy. en Grove US, Met, Wikipedia. it Treccani.
Abstraction-Création	1931 association founded	1932-36 Abstraction-création	Herbin, Hélion (FR), Vantongerloo (BE-FR), Arp (DE-FR), Gabo (RU-UK), Kandinsky (RU-DE), Mondrian (NL), Hepworth, Nicholson (UK)	painting, sculpture	cubism, De Stijl, constr.
	Jean Hélion, Ile de France, 1935. Oil paint on canvas. Support: 145.4 x 200 cm. Tate. FR Pompidou. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Britannica, Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Larousse. it Treccani. es Akal. no SNL.
American Documentary Photography	1935 Farm Security Administration launched 1938 MoMA show of Evans		Evans, Lange, Rothstein, Vachon, R Lee, Wolcott (US)	photography
	Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California, Mar 1936. Gelatin silver print. LOC. LOC (series). MoMA. MoMA (version). Met. SI. Artic. Getty. DIA. SFMOMA. SLAM. MiA. Brooklyn M. Tate. Arthur Rothstein, Farmer and Sons Walking in Dust Storm, Cimaroon County, Oklahoma, Apr 1936. Gelatin silver print. LOC. MoMA. Met. Artic. MiA. Brooklyn M. RISD M. Walker Evans, Penny Picture Display, Savannah, 1936. Gelatin silver print. LOC. NGA. MoMA. Met. Artic. Getty. SFMOMA. SAAM. MiA. Princeton. US LOC. en Tate, Wikipedia.
Nuevo Realismo, New Realism		1936 Berni	Berni, Castagnino, Urruchúa, Policastro, Alonso (AR)	painting, mural
	AR MNBA.
Concrete Art	1944 Konkrete Kunst 1946 1ª Exposición de la Asociación Arte Concreto Invención 1951 Arte Astratta e Concreta in Italia 1952 Ruptura 1960 Concrete Art: Fifty Years of Development	1930 van Doesburg et al 1944-45 Abstrakt Konkret 1946 Inventionist Manifesto + 1946 Madí Manifesto 1952 Ruptura Manifesto 1957 Gerstner	Bill (CH), van Doesburg (NL), Vasarely (HU-FR), Morellet (FR), Albers (DE-US), Graeser, Lohse (CH), Espinosa, Maldonado (AR), Arden Quin (UY-AR-FR), Kosice (SK-AR), Bloc (FR), Soldati, Munari (IT), Cordeiro (BR); groups: Concrete-Invention Art Association, Madí (AR), Movimento arte concreta (IT), Espace (FR), Ruptura (BR)	painting, sculpture	constr., abstraction
	Theo van Doesburg, Arithmetic Composition, 1929-30. Oil on canvas. 101 x 101 cm. Josef Albers, Ascension, 1942. Lithograph. Sheet: 60 × 48.3 cm. Met. Max Bill, Kontinuität [Continuity], 1946-47. Displayed in a public park in Zurich. Plaster. 300 x 300 x 300 cm. Destroyed 1948. ETH Zürich. FR Pompidou (select movement), + M. US Met. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en CVAA, Grove, Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Tate inv., Wikipedia. es Akal, CVAA. fr Larousse. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Black Mountain College	1944 first summer arts program 2015 Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933-1957		Josef Albers, Anni Albers, Schawinsky, Feininger, Gropius (DE-US), Cage, Cunningham, de Kooning, Motherwell, Kline; students: Chamberlain, Ray Johnson, Noland, Rauschenberg, Twombly, Vanderbeek (US)	painting, performance, printmaking, drawing, weaving, textile, photography, design, architecture	Bauhaus
	Josef Albers, Fenced, 1944. Linoleum cut. Sheet: 25.4 × 31.1 cm. Met. Frost. Anni Albers, Black-White-Gold I, 1950. Cotton, lurex, jute. 68.3 × 48.3 cm. Albers Foundation. Robert Rauschenberg, Untitled (Merce III), 1953. Contact print. 5.7 x 5.7 cm. Rauschenberg Foundation. INT Artsy. en Grove, Monoskop, Oxford DA, Wikipedia. es Akal. cr Šuvaković.
Lettrism	1946 Première manifestation lettriste	1946 La Dictature lettriste 1950 Isou 1950-53 Ur 1952 Ion	Isou (RO-FR), Pomerand, Roberdhay, Dufrêne, Lemaître, Wolman, Brau (FR)	printmaking, film, painting, collage	dada, surrealism, everyday life
	Isidore Isou, plates 42-43 from Les journaux des dieux [Diaries of the Gods], 1950. 24 cm. Beinecke. Gil J Wolman, still from L'Anticoncept [Anti-Concept], 1951. 35 mm film, 60 min. Video online. Reina Sofia. Gabriel Pomerand, Le Prisonnier [The Prisoner], 1952. Oil on canvas. 73 x 60 cm. Reina Sofia. FR Pompidou. INT UbuWeb. en Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
Abstract Expressionism, New York School	1947 Possibilities 1948 de Kooning at MoMA	1946 Coates 1947 Possibilities 1952 Rosenberg 1970 Sandler 1994 Clark	action painting: Pollock, de Kooning, Gorky, Kline (US), early colour field painting: Rothko, Newman, Still (US), other: Motherwell, Gottlieb, Guston, Frankenthaler (US)	painting	surrealism, automatism, expr., colour field
	Barnett Newman, Onement, I, 1948. Oil on canvas and oil on masking tape on canvas. 69.2 x 41.2 cm. MoMA. Willem de Kooning, Untitled, 1948-49. Oil and enamel on paper, mounted on composition board. 92.1 x 123.8 cm. Artic. Mark Rothko, No. 3/No. 13, 1949. Oil on canvas. 216.5 x 164.8 cm. MoMA. US Guggenheim, Met, Met a.p., NGA, MiA. UK Tate. FR Pompidou (select movement), + a.p. (select movement). INT Artsy, Artsy a.p., Artsy NY, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Grove a.p., Met, MoMA a.p., Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Tate a.p., Wikipedia, Wikipedia a.p. fr Larousse a.p. it Treccani a.p. es Akal a.p. cr Šuvaković a.p., Šuvaković, Šuvaković (NYS). hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik a.p. no SNL.
Lyrical Abstraction, Abstraction Lyrique	1947 L'Imaginaire	1947 Mathieu	da Silva, de Staël, Soulages, Wou Ki (FR)	painting	art informel, abstract expr.
	FR Pompidou (select movement). US Met. en Wikipedia. fr Larousse. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. no SNL. sl Pojmovnik.
Spatialism, Spazialismo	1950 Arte spaziale	1946 Fontana et al 1947 Fontana et al	Fontana (AR-IT), Crippa, Joppolo, Dova, Dangelo, Peverelli, Carozzi (IT)	painting, installation
	Ambiente spaziale a luce nera [Spatial Environment with Black Light], 1948-49/1976. Papier-mâché, phosphorescent pigment. Installation view, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, 2014. Gianni Dova, Pittura spaziale [Spatial Painting], 1952. Oil on canvas. 70 x 100 cm. Lucio Fontana, Concetto spaziale [Spatial Conception], 1955. Oil and glass on canvas. 96.2 x 64.8 cm. FR Pompidou. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Grove, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
Art Brut, Outsider Art	1948 Compagnie de l'Art Brut formed 1949 L'art brut préféré aux arts culturels	1949 Dubuffet	Aloïse (Corbaz) (CH), Forestier (FR), Gill (UK), Lesage (FR), Wölfli (CH), Maisonneuve, Parguey, Salingardes, Tripier (FR)	painting, drawing, sculpture, carving, manuscript, embroidery	Prinzhorn 1922
	Adolf Wölfli, Saint Adolf mordu à la jambe par le serpent [Saint Adolph Bitten in the Leg by the Snake], 1921. Lead pencil and coloured pencil on paper. 68 x 51 cm. Art Brut Lausanne. Augustin Lesage, Composition symbolique, amour pour l'humanité [Symbolic Composition, Love for Humanity], 1932. Oil on canvas. 97 x 70 cm. Art Brut Lausanne. Madge Gill, sans titre [Untitled], n.d. Dress embroidered with mercerized cotton thread and wool enriched with cotton voile. Height 93 cm. Art Brut Lausanne. CH Art Brut Lausanne. FR ABCD Paris, LAM Lille, Pompidou (select movement). DE Prinzhorn Heidelberg. JP NO-MA. US Guggenheim, Met. UK Musgrave Kinley London, Tate, Tate o.a. INT Artsy, Artsy o.a. en Grove, Oxford DA, Tate, Tate o.a., Wikipedia. it Treccani. es Akal. hu Artportal.
CoBrA	1948 group founded 1949 Bregnerød congress 1949 International Experimental Art	1948 Dotremont et al	Jorn (DK), Constant, Appel (NL), Dotremont, Alechinsky (BE), Jacobsen, Pedersen, Heerup (DK), Nieuwenhuys, Corneille (NL), Atlan (DZ-FR), Gilbert (UK-FR), Götz (DE)	painting, mural, sculpture	expr., surrealism, informel, Marxism
	Constant, Fantastic Animals, 1947. Gouache. 39 x 40 cm. Karel Appel, De vrijheidsschreeuw [Cry for Freedom], 1948. Oil on canvas. 100 x 80 cm. Asger Jorn, Såret vilddyr 2 [Wounded Beast 2], 1951. Oil on hardboard. NL Cobra Museum. DK Kunsten Aalborg, Birch. FR Pompidou. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Grove, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
Perceptismo	1949 First Exhibition of Perceptista Painting	1950-53 Perceptismo	R Lozza, RD Lozza (AR)	painting	concrete art
	Raúl Lozza, Relief No. 30, 1946. Phelps de Cisneros collection. AR MNBA. ES Lafuente. en CVAA, Tate. es CVAA, Wikipedia-ES.
Art Informel, Art Autre, Tachisme	1951 Véhémences confrontées 1952 Un art autre	1950 Tapié 1951 Guéguen 1951 Estienne 1952 Tapié 1962 Paulhan	Dubuffet, Wols, Fautrier, Mathieu, Matta, Michaux, Poliakoff, Soulages, de Staël, Hartung (FR)	painting	abstract expr., automatism, existentialism, Kandinsky, Klee
	Jean Fautrier, Tete d'otage, no. 20 [Head of a Hostage no. 20], 1944. Oil and plaster on paper pasted on canvas. 33 x 24 cm. Rumpf, Cologne. Wols, L'oiseau [Bird], 1949. Oil, grattage, and tube marks on canvas. 92.1 x 65.1 cm. Menil, Houston. Jean Dubuffet, Le Métafisyx, 1950. Oil on canvas. 116 x 89,5 cm. Pompidou. FR Pompidou i. (select movement), Pompidou t. US Guggenheim, Met. UK Tate. AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Google AP t. en CVAA AR, Oxford DA, Oxford DA t., Tate, Tate t., Wikipedia, Wikipedia t. es Akal, CVAA AR. fr Larousse, Larousse t. it Treccani, Treccani t. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik. no SNL.
Independent Group	1951 Growth and Form 1953 Parallel of Art and Life 1955 Man, Machine, and Motion 1956 This is Tomorrow		Hamilton, Henderson, McHale, Paolozzi, Turnbull (UK)	collage, sculpture, painting	cinema, science fiction, advertising, pop music, pop art
	Eduardo Paolozzi, Automobile Head, 1954-62. Screenprint on paper. 61.6 x 41.3 cm. Tate. Nigel Henderson, Head of a Man, 1956. Photographs on paper on harcboard. Support: 159.7 x 121.6 cm. Tate. John McHale, Telemath, 1958. Oil and collage on board. 91.5 x 122 cm. UK Tate. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković.
Jikken Kobo, Experimental Workshop	1951 collective founded 1953 5th Exhibition and Presentation 2009 Experimental Workshop: Japan 1950–1958	1953-54 Asahi Picture News	Yamaguchi, Kitadai, Fukushima, Akiyama, Komai, Ōtsuji, composers: Takemitsu, Yuasa, Suzuki, Satō (JP)	performance, environment, printmaking, film, photography
	Katsuhiro Yamaguchi, Vitorīnu: Yoru no shinkō [Vitrine: Deep into the Night], 1954. Watercolor on paper, oil on wood, corrugated glass. 65.5 x 56.5 x 9 cm. Mirai no ivu [The Future Eve], Mar 1955. Stage shot at Haiyuza Theater, Tokyo. Photo: Kiyoji Ōtsuji. A still from Jinrin (Silver Wheel) / Bicycle in Dream, 1955. A collaboration between Toshio Matsumoto and Jikken Kobo. Video. en Monoskop, Tate. jp Wikipedia-JA.
Gutai, Gutai Bijutsu Kyokai	1954 group founded 1955 1st Gutai Art Exhibition 1958 Gutai Group Exhibition NY 1960 International Sky Festival	1955-65 Gutai 1956 Jirō	Jirō, Shimamoto, Kanayama, Motonaga, Murakami, Shiraga, Sumi, Tanaka, Yoshihara (JP)	painting, performance, installation, environment, printmaking, film	informel, abstract expr.
	Jirō Yoshihara, Work (Colored Chickens), 1956. Atsuko Tanaka wearing Denkifuku [Electric Dress] (1956) at 2nd Gutai Art Exhibition, Ohara Kaikan, Tokyo, October 1956. Pompidou. Saburō Murakami, Sakuhin (Tsuka) [Passage], 1956. Performance at 2nd Gutai Art Exhibition, Ohara Hall, Tokyo, October 1956. 1994 video. JP Osaka City Museum of Modern Art. FR Pompidou. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Monoskop, Wikipedia. fr Universalis. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković.
Fantastic Realism, Phantastischer Realismus	1959 Belvedere exhibition 1990 Die Phantasten 2008 Fantastic Realism 2016 Pražský fantastický realismus 1960–1967	1974 Muschik	Fuchs, Brauer, Hausner, Hutter, Lehmden (AT), Dado (ME-SR-FR), Jedlička, Rachlík, Kotyza (CZ)	painting	surrealism
	Ernst Fuchs, Kampf der verwandelten Götter [Battle of the Gods That Have Been Transformed], 1951-52. Watercolor on paper. 60 x 40 cm. Ernst Fuchs Privatstiftung, Vienna. Rudolf Hausner, Gelber Narrenhut [Yellow Fool's Hat], 1955. Tempera and resin on fiberboard. 65 x 55.2 cm. Vienna M. Mikuláš Rachlík, Dobříš, 1964. Oil on canvas. 80 x 100 cm. en Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
Kinetic Art, Kineticism	1955 Mouvement 1961 Rörelse i konsten 1964-66 Signals Gallery 1966 9 Evenings	1955 Vasarely 1964-66 Signals	Tinguely (CH), Bury (BE-FR), Soto (VE-FR), Agam (IL-FR), Takis (GR-FR), Medalla (PH-UK), GRAV (FR), Dvizheniye (RU)	sculpture	Gabo 1919-20, Duchamp 1924, Calder 1932ff
	Jean Tinguely, Méta-mécanique, 1955. Iron tripod, metal rods and wires, 9 variously coloured metal elements, electric motor. 89 x 82 x 65 cm. Museum Tinguely Basel. Takis, Signal, 1955. Painted steel rods and iron. Pol Bury, Ponctuation [Punctuation], 1959. Wood and electric motor. Diameter: 70 cm. Private collection, Brussels. FR Pompidou (select movement). UK Tate. US Guggenheim. INT Artsy k.s., Google AP. en Monoskop, Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
Hard-Edge Painting	1959 Four Abstract Classicists 1966 Systemic Painting	1959 Langster	Kelly, Newman, Noland, Reinhardt, Stella, Williams, Gilliam (US)	painting
	Ellsworth Kelly, Méditerranée, 1952. Oil paint on wood. 150 x 194.3 x 7 cm (support). Tate. Barnett Newman, The Gate, 1954. Oil on canvas. 236 x 192 cm. Stedelijk. Frank Stella, Hyena Stomp, 1962. Alkyd paint on canvas. 195.6 x 195.6 cm (support). Tate. US Guggenheim. INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal, Artportal. no SNL.
Neo-Dada	1958 Johns' show at Castelli	1957 Rosenblum 1962 Rose	Johns, Rauschenberg, Rivers, Kaprow, Dine, Oldenburg (US), Neo-Dada Organizers (JP)	collage, assemblage	dada, nouveau réalisme, pop art
	Larry Rivers, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1953. Oil, graphite, and charcoal on linen. 212.4 x 283.5 cm. MoMA. Rivers Foundation. Robert Rauschenberg, Bed, 1955. Oil and pencil on pillow, quilt, and sheet on wood supports. 191.1 x 80 x 20.3 cm. MoMA. Jasper Johns, Target with Four Faces, 1955. Encaustic on newspaper and cloth over canvas surmounted by four tinted-plaster faces in wood box with hinged front. 85.3 x 66 x 7.6 cm (overall, with box open). MoMA. US Guggenheim. UK Tate. FR Pompidou. INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, SSM, Tate, Walker, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
Cybernetic Sculpture, Robotic Art	1968 Cybernetic Serendipity	1997 Kac	Schöffer (HU-FR), Paik (KO-US), Bonačić (CR), Ihnatowicz (PL-UK), Pask (UK), Dvizheniye (RU)	sculpture	cybernetics
	Nicolas Schöffer, CYSP 1, 1956. Aluminium and mixed media (computer, traction motor, direction motor, 2 microphones, 2 photoelectric cells, 19 micromotors), height 2,6 meters. The first spatiodynamic sculpture, having total autonomy of movement (travel in all directions at two speeds as well as axial and eccentric rotation (setting in motion of its 16 pivoting polychromed plates). Vladimir Bonačić, Dynamic Object GF.E (16,4), 1969-71. Computer-controlled dynamic object, aluminum, light bulbs, electric parts, 68 × 68 × 12 cm. Edward Ihnatowicz, Senster, 1971. Artist.
Pop Art	1956 This is Tomorrow 1962 Green Gallery show 1962 The New Realists 1962 The Factory opens 1963 Six Painters and the Object 2010 Seductive Subversion: Women Pop Artists, 1958–1968 2015 International Pop 2015 World Goes Pop	1957 Hamilton 1958 Alloway 1962 Alloway	Hamilton, Paolozzi, Blake, R Smith, Tilson, A Jones, Caulfield (UK), Warhol, Lichtenstein, Rivers, Rauschenberg, Johns, Rosenquist, Oldenburg, Wesselmann (US), Dich­gans, Klapheck, Roehr (DE), group: Scuola di Piazza del Popolo (IT), Shinohara (JP), Želibská (CZ-SK), Otašević (SR), Zieliński, Pinińska-Bereś (PL)	printmaking, painting, collage, sculpture	advertising, popular culture, mass media, machine-line production
	Richard Hamilton, Just What Is It That Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?, 1956. Collage. 26 x 25 cm. Kunsthalle Tübingen. James Rosenquist, President Elect, 1960-61. Oil on masonite. 228 x 366 cm. Pompidou. Andy Warhol, Orange Car Crash Fourteen Times, 1963. Silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on two canvases. 268.9 x 416.9 cm. MoMA. US Guggenheim, Met, MiA. UK Tate b.p., V&A. FR Pompidou (select movement). AR MNBA. INT Ludwig, Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, MoMA, Oxford DA, Pompidou, SSM, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal, Artportal. no SNL.
Zero	1957 First Evening Exhibition 1958 The Red Picture 1959 Motion in Vision–Vision in Motion 1960 The New Conception 1961 ZERO. Edition, Exposition, Demonstration 1962 Nul 62 2014 ZERO: Countdown to Tomorrow	1958-61 Zero 1964 Piene	Piene, Mack, Uecker (DE), Klein (FR), Tinguely (CH), Fontana (AR-IT), Manzoni (IT), Bury (BE-FR), Soto (VE-FR), Spoerri (RO-CH), Nul group (NL)	painting, sculpture, drawing, environment, performance	kinetic art
	Otto Piene, Rasterbild [Stencil Painting], 1957-58. Oil on canvas, 98.4 × 70.2 cm. Heinz Mack, Dynamische Struktur schwarz-weiß [Dynamic Structure Black/White], 1957-58. Resin on nettle. 53 x 80 cm. Arndt. Yves Klein, Untitled Fire Painting (F118), 1961. Charred cardboard mounted on board. 40.5 x 55.9 cm. FR Pompidou (select movement). UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković.
Situationists	1957 Situationiste Internationale founded 1989 On the Passage of a Few People Through a Brief Moment in Time	1958-69 Internationale situationniste 1967 Debord	Debord, Constant, Viénet (FR), Jorn (DK), Gruppe SPUR (DE)	printmaking, painting, architecture	lettrism, Marxism, consumerism
	Guy Debord, Psychogeographic Guide of Paris. Discourse on the Passions of Love, c1957. Lithography on paper. 59.5 x 73.5 cm. Published by Le Bauhaus Imaginiste. FRAC. Macba. Pompidou. Guy Debord, Asger Jorn, two-page spread from Mémoires, [1958]. 28 cm. Published by L'Internationale situationniste. Constant, Spatiovore (Concert Hall for Electronic Music), 1960. Metal, paint on perspex and wood. 65 x 90 x 65 cm. From the New Babylon project. Pompidou. Stedelijk. Gemeente. more. FR Pompidou. UK Tate. en Monoskop, Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković.
Zaria Art Society, Zaria Rebels	1958 group formed	1959-60 Okeke 1995 Onobrakpeya	U Okeke, Nwoko, Onobrakpeya, Grillo, S Okeke, Osadebe, Odita, Nwagbara (NG)	painting, sculpture
	Uche Okeke, Fabled Brute, 1959. Lithograph. Sheet: 25.2 × 19 cm. MoMA. Harmon. Demas Nwoko, Children on Cycles, 1961. Oil on board. Harmon. Bruce Onobrakpeya, Eketete and Erbeybuye, c1961. Linocut. Harmon +. en Tate.
Neoconcretism	1959 First Neo-Concrete Art Exhibition	1959 Manifesto Neoconcreto 1959 Gullar	Clark, Oiticica, de Camargo, de Castro, Pape, Weissmann (BR)	sculpture	concrete art
	Franz Weissmann, Coluna Neoconcreta I [Neo-Concrete Column], 1957. Painted iron. 280 x 110 x 75 cm. de Cisneros. Animated visualisation. Hélio Oiticica, Relevo espacial (vermêlho) REL 036 [Spatial Relief (red) REL 036], 1959. Polyvinyl acetate resin on plywood. 625 x 1480 x 153 mm, 15 kg. Tate. Lygia Clark, Bicho "Pancubismo", 1960. Aluminium. 30 x 30 x 40 cm. Seroussi. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Monoskop.
Happening	1959 Kaprow's 18 Happenings in 6 Parts 1998 Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949-1979 2012 Happenings: New York, 1958–1963	1958 Kaprow 1965 Kirby 1966 Sontag	Kaprow, Oldenburg, Dine, Whitman (US), Forti (IT-US), Lebel (FR), Vostell (DE), Viennese Actionists (AT), Fahlström (SW), Kudo (JP-FR), Schneemann (US), Pommereulle (FR), Knížák (CZ), Kusama (JP-US), Kantor (PL)	performance	action painting, Cage
	Installation view from Allan Kaprow, 18 Happenings in 6 Parts, Ruben Gallery, New York, 1959. Photo: Fred W. McDarrah. Claes Oldenburg, Snapshot from the City, 1960. On photography with Patty Mucha (Pat Muschinski). Photo: Martha Holmes. US Guggenheim. INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
Nouveau Réalisme	1960 Les Nouveaux Réalistes 1961 First Festival of New Realism 1961 The Art of Assemblage 1963 Second Festival of New Realism 2010 New Realisms	1960 Restany 1961 Restany 1963 Restany 2013 Cabañas	Arman, César, Dufrêne, Hains, Klein, Raysse (FR), Spoerri (RO-CH), Tinguely (CH), Villeglé (FR), Christo (BG-FR)	collage, assemblage, painting	Duchamp, neo-dada
	François Dufrêne, 1/8ème du plafond pour la 1ère Biennale de Paris [1/8 of the Ceiling of the First Biennial of Paris], 1959. Lacerated posters on canvas. 146 x 114 cm. Pompidou. RMNGP. César, Compression, 1960. Steel (compressed automobile parts). 151 x 61 x 43 cm. NG Australia. MoMA. Pompidou. NG Scotland. Tate. Daimler. Daniel Spoerri, Kichka's Breakfast I, 1960. Wood chair hung on wall with board across seat, coffeepot, tumbler, china, eggcups, eggshells, cigarette butts, spoons, tin cans, and other materials. 36.6 x 69.5 x 65.4 cm. MoMA. FR Pompidou (select movement). US Met. UK Tate. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Guggenheim, Pompidou, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
Environment	1962 Dylaby 1967-68 Environment, I-V	1958 Kaprow 1969 Wedewer 1972 Kepes	Kaprow, Oldenburg, Dine, Kienholz, Segal (US), Soto (VE-FR), Alviani, Colombo, Castellani (IT)	mixed-media construction, assemblage	Schwitters' Merzbau
	Allan Kaprow, Yard, 1961. Backyard of the Martha Jackson Gallery, New York. Photo: Ken Heyman. Hauser&Wirth. Artist. Claes Oldenburg, interior of The Store, 107 East 2nd Street, New York, Dec 1961. MoMA. Edward Kienholz, The Beanery, 1965. Stedelijk. en Tate, Wikipedia i.a. it Treccani. hu Artportal
Fluxus	1961 AG Gallery events 1962 Kleines Sommerfest: après John Cage 2007 Fluxus East	1963 Maciunas 1963 Monte Young 1998 Friedman	Maciunas, Flynt, G Brecht (US), Vautier (FR), Watts, Higgins, Knowles, Patterson, Paik, Williams, Hutchins (US), Ono (JP-US), Schmit, Beuys (DE), Filliou (FR), Tokyo Fluxus (JP)	performance, sculpture, printmaking	expanded arts
	Nam June Paik performing La Monte Young's Composition 1960 #10 to Bob Morris at his Zen For Head, 1962. Wiesbaden, West Germany. Robert Filliou, Galerie Légitime, c1962-63. Assemblage. 4 x 26.5 x 26.5 cm. Pompidou. Mumok. M HKA. MoMA. Flux Year Box 2, assembled, designed, edited by George Maciunas, 1965-68. Wood box with screenprint, metal clasp and hinges, containing objects in various media. 23 x 23 x 8.6 cm. MoMA. Walker. Harvard. Pompidou. U Iowa. Du Doute. Bonotto. Log. US Met, MiA. UK Tate. FR Pompidou. INT Artsy. en Britannica, Grove, Monoskop, Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
Actionism, Viennese Actionism	1962 Blutorgel 1963 Fest des Psycho–Physischen Naturalismus 1968 Kunst und Revolution 2016 Body, Psyche, and Taboo	1962 Nitsch, Mühl, Frohner	G Brus, Muehl, Nitsch, Schwarzkogler, A Brus, Cibulka, Valie Export (AT)	performance	happening, Reich, Jung, Wiener 1954
	Otto Mühl, Materialaktion 8: Stilleben – Aktion mit einem weiblichen Kopf und einem Schweinekopf, 1964. Photographs taken by Ludwig Hoffenreich. [10] Günter Brus, Wiener Spaziergang, 1965/1989. B&W photograph taken by Ludwig Hoffenreich. 40 x 40 cm. Joanneum. Valie Export, Peter Weibel, Aus der Mappe der Hundigkeit, 1968/2003. B&W photograph taken by Josef Tandl. 40.3 x 50.3 cm. Generali. AT Mumok. UK Tate. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy, UbuWeb. en Monoskop, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Larousse. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
Body Art		1970-76 Avalanche 1998 Jones	Acconci, Burden, Schneemann, Wilke, Ukeles, McCarthy, Nauman, Benglis, Rosler (US), Kusama, Ono, Kubota (JP-US), Mendieta (CU-US), Pane, Journiac, Orlan (FR), Valie Export (AT), Iveković, Abramović, Gotovac (YU), Mlčoch, Štembera (CZ), Bereś, KwieKulik (PL), Hajas (HU), Brătescu, Grigorescu (RO)	performance, happening, painting, sculpture, photography, film, video	happening, Fluxus, contemp. dance, actionism, destruction art
	Yayoi Kusama, Sex Obsession Food Obsession Macaroni Infinity Nets & Kusama, 1962. Photo: Hal Reiff. Carolee Schneemann, Eye Body: 36 Transformative Actions, 1963. Paint, glue, fur, feathers, garden snakes, glass, plastic with the studio installation Big Boards. Photographs by Erró, on 35 mm black and white film. Moderna Museet. Artist. Jan Mlčoch, Zavěšení—Velký spánek [Suspension—The Great Sleep], 1974. Prague. Gelatin silver print. 27.5 × 37.2 cm. MU Olomouc. US Met. FR Pompidou (select movement). UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Hatje Cantz, Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Walker, Wikipedia. fr Larousse. it Treccani. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
Khartoum School, Madrasat al Khartoum	2016 The Khartoum School: the Making of the Modern Art Movement in Sudan	1962 D Williams	Salahi, Shibrain, Rabbah, Ishaq, Nour, Ahmed (SD-UK)	painting, drawing, sculpture
	Ibrahim El Salahi, Reborn Sounds of Childhood Dreams I, 1961-65. Enamel paint and oil paint on cotton. 258.8 x 260 cm. Tate. Ahmed Shibrain, Untitled, 1965. Oil, ink and watercolour on board. 57 x 56 cm. Amir Nour, Grazing at Shendi, 1969. Steel, 202 pieces. 302.3 x 408.9 cm. Artist. + +. UK Tate. en Tate.
Colour Field Painting, Post-Painterly Abstraction	1964 Post-Painterly Abstraction	1955 Greenberg 1970 Sandler	Rothko, Newman, Still, Frankenthaler, M Louis, Noland, Alma Thomas, Gilliam (US), Denny, Hoyland, R Smith (UK)	painting	abstract expr.
	Helen Frankenthaler, Mountains and Sea, 1952. Oil and charcoal on unsized, unprimed canvas. 219.4 x 297.8 cm. Frankenthaler Foundation. Kenneth Noland, Whirl, 1960. Magna on canvas. 178.4 x 176.5 cm. Morris Louis, Beta Lambda, 1961. Synthetic polymer paint on canvas. 262.6 x 407 cm. From the Unfurled Paintings series (nearly 150 works, 1960-61). MICA. MoMA. US Guggenheim, Met. UK Tate p. FR Pompidou c. (select movement), + p.p. (select movement). INT Artsy, Artsy p.p., Google AP. en Britannica c., Grove US c., Oxford DMCA c., Tate c., Tate p., Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković p. hu Artportal p., Artportal p.
Capitalist Realism	1963 Leben mit Pop. Eine Demonstration für den kapitalistischen Realismus 2013 Living with Pop: A Reproduction of Capitalist Realism +		Kuttner, Lueg, Polke, Richter (DE)	happening, installation, painting	consumerism, media, US pop art, Fluxus
	Exhibition view of Leben mit Pop - Eine Demonstration für den kapitalistischen Realismus, 1963. Möbelhaus Berges, Düsseldorf. Gerhard Richter, Party, 1963. 150 x 182 cm. Artist. Sigmar Polke, Das Palmen-Bild [The Palm Painting], 1964. Acrylic on patterned fabric. 91.5 x 75.4 cm. Zwirner. INT Artsy. en Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković
Mail Art, Correspondence Art, Postal Art	1962-63 Yam Festival 1970 New York Correspondance School 1971 Mail Art (at Paris Biennale) 1973 Omaha Flow Systems 1986 Decentralized Worldwide Mail-art Congress	1971 Poinsot 1972 Albright 1974 Fischer 1980 Carrión	Johnson (US), Filliou (FR), Spoerri (RO-CH), G Brecht (US), Vautier (FR), Anna Banana (CA), Cavellini (IT), Kozłowski, Partum (PL), Kocman (CZ)	letter, postcard, drawing, object	Fluxus
	Ben Vautier, The Postman's Choice, 1965. Offset lithograph on paper. 9.2 x 14.1 cm. Walker. Harvard Art Museum. U Iowa. Ray Johnson, Anna May Wong, 1971. Mixed media, cut postcard, and paper collage on board. 54.6 × 45.7 × 2.5 cm. Whitney. Anna Banana, stamp sheet, 1984. DK Lomholt. US U Buffalo, Gina Lotta. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy. en Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
Op Art	1965 The Responsive Eye	1965 Albers 1970 Barrett	Vasarely (HU-FR), Riley (UK), Soto, Cruz-Diez (VE-FR), Agam (IL-FR), Le Parc (AR-FR), Morellet (FR), Anuszkiewicz (US)	painting, sculpture	kinetic art, Albers
	Victor Vasarely, Ondho, 1956-60. Oil on canvas. 220 x 180.4 cm. MoMA. Julio Le Parc, Continuel-mobile, continuel-lumière [Continual Mobile, Continual Light], 1963. Painted wood, aluminium and nylon thread. 157.5 x 160 x 50.5 cm. Tate. Bridget Riley, Fall, 1963. Polyvinyl acetate paint on hardboard. 141 x 140.3 cm. Tate. FR Pompidou (select movement). US Met. UK Tate. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. no SNL.
Minimal Art, Minimalism	1966 Primary Structures 1968 The Art of the Real 2014 Other Primary Structures	1965 Judd 1966 Morris 1967 Fried 1967 Aspen 5-6 1968 Battcock 1986 Foster	Judd, Morris, Stella, Flavin, Andre, T Smith, LeWitt, Martin (US)	sculpture
	Donald Judd, Untitled (box with trough), 1963. Light cadmium-red oil on wood. 49.5 x 114.3 x 77.5 cm. Judd Foundation. Robert Morris, (L-R) Untitled (Table), Untitled (Corner Beam), Untitled (Floor Beam), Untitled (Corner Piece), and Untitled (Cloud). Installation at the Green Gallery, New York, Dec 1964-Jan 1965. Carl Andre, Equivalent VIII, 1966. Firebricks. 12.7 x 68.6 x 229.2 cm. Tate. US Guggenheim, NGA, Met, MiA. FR Pompidou (select movement). UK Tate. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, MoMA, Oxford DA, Oxford US, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik. no SNL.
Process Art	1966 Eccentric Abstraction 1969 Anti-Illusionism: Procedures/Materials 1969 9 in a Warehouse		Morris, Serra (US), Hesse (DE-US), Le Va, Cohen, Nauman (US)	sculpture	minimal art, performance art
	Eva Hesse, Hang Up, 1966. Acrylic on cloth over wood; acrylic on cord over steel tube. 182.9 x 213.4 x 198.1 cm. Artic. Hauser & Wirth. MoMA. Tate. Robert Morris, Untitled (Tan Felt), 1968. Felt. Nine strips, each 304.8 x 20.3 cm. Installation view of Richard Serra's Casting (front) and One Ton Prop (House of Cards) (back) at Anti-Illusion: Procedures/Materials, Whitney Museum, New York, 1969. Lead casting. c10.2 x 762 x 762 cm (destroyed). / Lead antimony. Four plates, each 122 x 122 cm. US Guggenheim. UK Tate. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
Post-Minimalism	1966 Eccentric Abstraction 1969 Anti-Illusionism: Procedures/Materials 1969 When Attitudes Become Form	1968 Morris 1971 Pincus-Witten 1973 Krauss 1977 Pincus-Witten	Hesse (DE-US), Serra, Benglis, Le Va, LeWitt, Tuttle, Bochner, Sonnier, Vicconci, Nauman (US)	sculpture, performance	minimalism, process art, land art, conceptual art, body art, performance art
	Eva Hesse, Sans II, 1968. Fiberglass and polyester resin. 96.5 x 218.4 cm x 15.6 cm. SFMOMA. Whitney. Hauser & Wirth. Richard Serra, Prop, 1968. Lead antimony. 152.4 x 152.4 cm (sheet). Walker. Whitney. NGA Australia. Lynda Benglis, Bounce I, 1969. Poured colored latex. Dimensions variable. US Guggenheim. FR Pompidou. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove US, Oxford DA, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković.
Expanded Cinema	1965 New Cinema Festival I 1966 9 Evenings 1968 X-Screen 1974 Projected Images 1976 Festival of Expanded Cinema	1964 Mekas 1966 VanDerBeek 1970 Youngblood	VanDerBeek, Schneemann, Jacobs, Conrad, Sharits, Whitman (US), Snow (CA), B+W Hein (DE), Valie Export, Weibel, Scheugl (AT), Lemaître (FR), Keen, T Hill, L Rhodes (UK), Filmaktion: Le Grice, Raban, A Nicolson, Eatherley (UK), McCall (UK-US), Oiticica (BR), KwieKulik (PL)	film, video, performance, installation, media environment	experimental film, video art, computer art
	Stan VanDerBeek, Movie-Drome, c1963-65. Interior view. Artist. Valie Export, Abstract Film No. 1, 1967-68. MoMA. Artist. Michael Snow, Two Sides to Every Story, 1974. Installation view at Projected Images exhibition, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis. Synchronised film projectors on 2 sides of suspended screen, 16 mm colour, sound. 300 x 600 x 1250 cm. CCCA. Video. en Monoskop, Tate. hu Artportal
Video Art	1966 9 Evenings 1968 The Machine as Seen at the End of the Mechanical Age 1969 TV as a Creative Medium 1970 Information 1971 The Kitchen opens 1972-77 April Meetings The Video Show	1970-74 Radical Software 1970 Youngblood	Paik (KO-DE-US), Vostell (DE), L Levine (IE-CA-US), Tambellini (IT-US), Nauman, Ant Farm, Sonnier, Acconci, Viola (US), Vasulkas (CZ-IS-US), Valie Export (AT), Rosenbach (DE), D Hall (UK), Dragans (SL), Bruszewski (PL), C Campbell (CA), Jonas, Benglis, G Hill (US), Iveković, Martinis (CR), Robakowski (PL), Mendieta (CU-US)	video, installation, sculpture, performance, broadcast	television, media, McLuhan
	Bruce Nauman, Walk with Contrapposto, 1968. Video (60 min, b&w, sound). EAI. MoMA. LACMA. SAAM. Mumok. Macba. Ubu. [11] Steina and Woody Vasulka, The Matrix, 1970-72. Video installation, video (28 min 50 sec). Installation view at Albright Knox Gallery, 1978. Langlois. EAI. Charlotte Moorman performing Nam June Paik's Concerto for TV Cello and Videotapes (1971) at the Bonino Gallery, New York, 23 Nov 1971. Photo: Peter Moore. Object: video tubes, TV chassis, plexiglass boxes, electronics, wiring, wood base, fan, stool. Walker. KM Bochum. NSW Sydney (1976). EAI (video). Pompidou (video). Reina Sofia (video). Walker (photo). Mumok (photo). US VDB. UK Tate. AT MUMOK. INT Artsy, UbuWeb. en Britannica, Grove, Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Larousse. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal, Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
New York Graphic Workshop	1964 founded 1966 New York Graphic Workshop Buenos Aires 2008 The New York Graphic Workshop, 1964-1970	1964 NYGW Manifesto	Camnitzer (DE-UY-US), Porter (AR-US), Castillo (VE-US)	printmaking
	José Guillermo Castillo, Untitled (J), 1967. Etching and embossing. Sheet: 37 x 37.8 cm. From a series of ten. MoMA. Liliana Porter, Plate VIII from Wrinkle, 1968. Book with ten photoengraved etchings, 33.8 x 40.6 cm (sheets). MoMA. MALBA. Daros. Tate. Artist. Log. PDF. Luis Camnitzer, Living Room (Living-Comedor), Living Room: Model for an Environment, 1968. Book. Overall: 37.1 x 30.5 x 1.6 cm. MoMA. UK Tate. en Tate.
Casablanca School	1966 Rabat show 1969 Exposition Manifeste 2016 Casablanca School of Fine Arts	1966-72 Souffles 2015 Powers	Belkahia, Melehi, Chabâa (MA)	painting
	Mohammed Chabâa, Untitled, 1967. Acrylic on canvas. 152 x 202 cm (each). Société Générale Maroc. Mohammed Melehi, Flame, 1970. Cellulose paint on wood. 210 x 180 cm. Installed at Marakech Biennale 2016. Farid Belkahia, Femme berbère [Berber Woman], c1970. Embossed copper and wood. 78.5 x 66 cm.
Arte Povera	1967 Arte povera – IM Spazio 1968 Arte Povera 1968 Arte Povera+Azioni Povere	1967 Celant	Anselmo, Boetti, Calzolari, Fabro, Gilardi, Mario Merz, Marisa Merz, Paolini, Pascali, Penone, Pistoletto, Prini, Zorio (IT), Kounellis (GR-IT)	sculpture, installation, happening, performance	conceptual art, Pasolini
	Michelangelo Pistoletto, Venere degli stracci [Venus of the Rags], 1967. Concrete with mica and rags. 180 x 130 x 100 cm. Photo: Paolo Pellion. Rivoli. Macro. Tate. Jannis Kounellis, 12 Cavalli [12 Horses], 1969. Installation at Galleria L'Attico, Rome. Giuseppe Penone, Alberro di 8 metri [Eight Meter Tree], 1969. Wood. 80 x 15 x 27 cm. FR Pompidou (select movement). UK Tate. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Guggenheim, Tate, Wikipedia. fr Larousse, Pompidou. it Treccani. es Akal. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
Performance Art	1998 Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949-1979	1979 Goldberg 1998 Schimmel	Acconci, Burden, Nauman, Oppenheim, Graham, Horn, Jonas, Monk, Piper, Schneemann, Ukeles, Laurie Anderson (US), Ono (JP-US), Beuys (DE), Hsieh (TW), Stelarc (CY-AU), Iveković, Abramović (YU), Mlčoch, Štembera (CZ), Kantor, Warpechowski, Borowski, Bereś (PL), Szentjóby (HU), Grigorescu (RO)	performance	happening, Fluxus, body art, actionism, contemp. dance
	Chris Burden, Trans-fixed, 1974. Venice, California. Marina Abramović, Rhythm 0, 1974. Studio Morra, Naples. MG Ljubljana. Guggenheim. MoMA. Tate. Artist. Carolee Schneemann, Interior Scroll, 1975. Photo: Anthony McCall. Gelatin silver prints. East Hampton, New York. Moderna Museet. Brooklyn M. Tate. Cornell. Reina Sofia. Artist. US Met. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Britannica, Grove, Guggenheim, Oxford DA, Oxford Bib, Tate, Wikipedia. es CVAA. fr Pompidou. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
Black Arts Movement	1968 Weusi at Stony Brook U 1970 AfriCOBRA 1: Ten in Search of a Nation 1971 Where We At: Black Women Artists 2010 AfriCOBRA 2015 The Freedom Principle	1970 Donaldson	Andrews, Bellow, Brown, Calloway, Donaldson, J Jarrell, W Jarrell, Jones, Jones-Hogu, Lawrence, Mallory, McCannon, Olugebefola, Riddle, Saar, collectives: Weusi, AfriCOBRA, Where We At (US)	printmaking, collage, painting, quilt	Neal 1968, liberation, equality
	Cleveland Bellow, Untitled, 1968. Screenprint on paper. Sheet: 49.5 x 38.7 cm. Brooklyn Museum. Jeff Donaldson, Wives of Shango, 1969. Watercolor with mixed media on paper. Sheet: 76.2 x 55.9 cm. Brooklyn Museum. Jae Jarrell, Urban Wall Suit, 1970. Multicolored silk quilted patchwork, women’s size 10, hand-painted graffiti, acrylic. 95.3 x 69.9 x 1.3 cm. Brooklyn Museum. UK Tate c.a. INT Artsy. en Smithsonian, Tate, Wikipedia.
Computer Art, Computer Graphics	1968 Computer Graphic 1968 Cybernetic Serendipity 1968 Tendencies 4 1970 Software	1968-72 Bit International 1969ff PAGE	Laposky, Noll, Schwartz (US), Franke (AT), Alsleben, Nake, Nees, Mohr (DE), Zajec (IT), Molnar (HU-FR)	screenprint, film
	Frieder Nake, Hommage à Paul Klee, 13/9/65 Nr.2, 1965. Screenprint after a plotter drawing. V&A. Compart. Manfred Mohr, P-021, 1970. Screenprint after a plotter drawing. V&A. Lillian Schwartz and Ken Knowlton, photographic stills from the computer animation Pixillation, 1970. V&A. INT Artsy early c.a. en Grove, Monoskop, Oxford DMCA, Wikipedia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
Land Art, Earth Art, Environmental Art, Site-Specific Art	1968 Earth Works 1969 Earth Art 1969 When Attitudes Become Form 2012 Ends of the Earth	1966 Smithson 1968 Smithson 1970-76 Avalanche 1979 Krauss	Smithson, Heizer, de Maria, Andre, Morris, Oppenheim (US), Christo & Jeanne Claude (BG/FR-US)		conceptual art
	Robert Smithson, Partially Buried Woodshed, 1970. Kent State University, Kent, Ohio. One woodshed and twenty truckloads of earth. Artist. NGA. Tate. Walter De Maria, The Lightning Field, 1977. Long-term installation, western New Mexico. Dia. Robert Morris, Observatory, 1971-77. Flevoland, the Netherlands. De Paviljoens. US Guggenheim s./en., Met. UK Tate en. FR Pompidou l. (select movement). INT Artsy, Artsy s., Google AP. en Monoskop, Oxford DA l., Tate l., Tate ea., Tate en., Tate s., Wikipedia. it Treccani l. cr Šuvaković en., Šuvaković ec., Šuvaković l. hu Artportal l., Artportal HU l., Artportal en. sl Pojmovnik ec., Pojmovnik l.
Mono-ha, School of Things	1970 August 1970: Aspects of New Japanese Art 2015 Mono-ha - Premessa	1970 roundtable in Bijutsu techō 436 1970-71 Ufan	Ufan (KO-JP), Sekine, Yoshida, Honda, Narita, Koshimizu, Suga, Enokura, Haraguchi (JP)	earthwork, sculpture
	Nobuo Sekine, Isō—Daichi [Phase—Mother Earth], 1968. Earth, cement. Cylinder: 220 x 270 (diameter) cm, hole: 220 x 270 (diameter) cm. Installation view, 1st Kobe Suma Rikyū Park Contemporary Sculpture Exhibition, Oct-Nov 1968. Photo: Osamu Murai. Artist. Lee Ufan, Kankei-kō [Relatum], 1969. Formerly Genshō to chikaku B [Phenomena and Perception B]. Stone and glass plate. 30 cm x 180 cm x 240 cm. Detail view at Developments in Contemporary Art, Kyoto National Museum of Modern Art, Aug-Sep 1969. Kishio Suga, Jokyoritsu [Law of Situation], 1971. Ube Open-Air Museum, Ube Japan. Photo: Kishio Suga. INT Artsy. en Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia.
Photorealism, Hyperrealism, Superrealism	1970 Twenty-two Realists 1972 Documenta 5 1973 Photo-Realism 1973 1973 Hyperréalisme	1969 Meisel 1973 Brachot 1975 Battcock	Close, Estes, Flack, Bechtle, Cottingham, McLean, Eddy, Goings, Hanson, De Andrea (US), Salt (UK), Gertsch (CH)	painting, sculpture	photography
	Malcolm Morley, SS Amsterdam in front of Rotterdam, 1966. Acrylic on canvas. 157.5 x 213.5 cm. Saatchi. Ralph Goings, Airstream, 1970. Oil on molino. 152.3 × 213.5 cm. Mumok. Artist. Richard Estes, Double Self-Portrait, 1976. Oil on canvas. 60.8 x 91.5 cm. MoMA. UK Tate h. FR Pompidou h. INT Artsy, Artsy h., Google AP, Google AP h. en Grove p., Guggenheim p., Oxford DA h., Tate p., Tate h., Wikipedia, Wikipedia h. it Treccani h. cr Šuvaković h. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik p.
Conceptual Art	1969 January 1-31 1969 When Attitudes Become Form 1971 At Another Moment 1972 Documenta 5 1999 Global Conceptualism: Points of Origin 1950-1980s	1961 Flynt 1967 LeWitt 1969 Kosuth 1973 Lippard 1990 Buchloh	Kosuth, LeWitt (US), Art&Language (UK), Darboven (DE), Bochner, Weiner, D Huebler (US), Broodthaers (BE), Buren (FR), Graham (US), Haacke (DE-US), Piper, Ruscha (US), Darboven (DE), Gorgona (CR), OHO (SL), KÔD, Đorđević (SR), Erdély, Szentjóby (HU), Borowski, Kozłowski (PL), Koller, Filko (SK), Kabakov, Komar & Melamid, Collective Actions (RU)	sculpture, printmaking, performance, painting	readymade, land art
	Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs, 1965. Wood folding chair, mounted photograph of a chair, and mounted photographic enlargement of the dictionary definition of "chair". Chair 82 x 37.8 x 53 cm, photographic panel 91.5 x 61.1 cm, text panel 61 x 76.2 cm. MoMA. John Baldessari, This Is Not to Be Looked At, 1968. Acrylic and photoemulsion on canvas. 149.9 x 114.3 cm. Adrian Piper, Catalysis III, 1970. Performance documentation. Silver gelatine print. 40.6 x 40.6 cm. Photo: Rosemary Mayer. Generali. US Guggenheim, Met, MiA. UK Tate. FR Pompidou (select movement). AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Britannica, Grove, Grove US, Met, MoMA, Monoskop, Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, Stanford, Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. fr Larousse. es Akal, Butin. cr Šuvaković, Šuvaković. hu Artportal, Artportal. sl Pojmovnik. AUTH AAT.
Institutional Critique	1971 Guggenheim cancels Haacke's show 1971 Guggenheim censores Buren's work	1971 Buren 1977 Haacke 1990 Buchloh	Haacke (DE-US), Broodthaers (BE), Buren (FR), Asher, Guerrilla Girls, Fraser (US), Wodiczko (PL-US)	sculpture, installation, performance	conceptual art, Foucault
	Daniel Buren, Olivier Mosset, Michel Parmentier, Niele Toroni, Photo-souvenir: Buren, Mosset, Parmentier, Toroni, Manifestation no. 3, travail in situ, Salle de spectacle du Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris le 2 Juin 1967, 1967. Artist. Hans Haacke, Shapolsky et al. Manhattan Real Estate Holdings, a Real-Time Social System, as of May 1, 1971 (detail), 1971. Marcel Broodthaers, installation view of the Musée d’Art Moderne, Département des Aigles, Section des Figures, Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, 1972. INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. sl Pojmovnik.
Systems Art	1970 Software	1967 Haacke 1968 Burnham 1968 Burnham 1970 Software	Haacke (DE-US), L Levine (IE-CA-US), Flavin, Andre, Morris (US), CAyC group (AR)	installation, sculpture	Bertalanffy 1968, cybernetics
	Hans Haacke, Grass Cube, 1967. Les Levine takes a picture of his television sculpture Iris as it takes a picture of him, c1968. Hans Haacke, Circulation, 1969. en Monoskop, Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković.
Feminist Art	1969 Women Artists in Revolution protest 1971 26 Women Artists 1972 Womanhouse 1973 c. 7,500 1975 Magna Feminismus: Kunst und Kreativität 2007WACK!: Art and the Feminist Revolution	1971 Nochlin 1971-73 West-East Bag newsletter 1972-77 Feminist Art Journal 1976 Lippard	Bourgeois (FR-US), Hesse (DE-US), Kusama (JP), Schneemann, Chicago (US), Schapiro (CA-US), Mendieta (CU-US), Ringgold, Kruger, Rosler, Sherman, Holzer, Benglis, Guerrilla Girls (US), Abakanowicz, Partum (PL)	sculpture, painting, performance, installation
	Louise Bourgeois, Femme Maison, 1946-47. Oil and ink on linen. 91.4 x 35.6 cm each. From the Femme Maison series. Eva Hesse, Ringaround Arosie, 1965. Pencil, acetone, varnish, enamel paint, ink, and cloth covered electrical wire on papier-mâché and masonite. 67 x 41.9 x 11.4 cm. MoMA. Judy Chicago, The Dinner Party, 1979. Ceramic, porcelain, textile. 1463 x 1463 cm. Brooklyn Museum. Artist. INT Artsy. en Tate, Walker, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković. sl Pojmovnik.
Hurufiyya, Arabic Letterism	1947 Omar's show in Washington DC 1971- One Dimension shows 1997 Letter, Word, Art	1949 Omar 1971 Al Said 2006 Porter	Omar (SY-IQ-US), Al Said (IQ-FR), Hamoudi (IQ), Waqialla (SD-UK), Adnan (LB-US), Akyavaş (TR), Tanavoli (IR-IT-US), Zenderoudi (IR-FR), el-Said (IQ), Moustafa (EG-UK), Massoudy (IQ-FR), Ahuja (IN-UK), Qotbi (MA-FR), Koraichi (DZ-FR), group: One Dimension (IQ)	painting, drawing, printmaking, craft	calligraphy
	Madiha Omar, At the Concert, 1948. Ink on white scratch board. 23.8 x 32.5 cm. Collection Hala Kittani. Shakir Hassan Al Said, Untitled, 1977. Ink on paper. 53.5 x 73 cm. Mathaf Doha. Issam El-Said, Ayat al-Kursi, c1979. Oil on canvas. 91 x 91 cm. en Tate.
Nsukka Group	1997 The Poetics of Line		Okeke, Aniakor, O Udechukwu (NG), Anatsui (GH-NG), Adenaike (NG)	painting, printmaking, sculpture	uli, nsibidi, li calligraphy
	Uche Okeke, The Crescent Moon, 1974. Linocut. 47 x 61 cm. Obiora Udechukwu, Road to Abuja, 1983. Pen and ink on paper. 50.9 x 38 cm. El Anatsui, Group Photo, 1987. Wood. Dimensions variable, tallest individual piece: 45.7 cm. en Tate.
Sots Art	1972 Melamid & Komar's Sots Art series 2007 Sots Art	1988 Groys	Bulatov (RU), Komar & Melamid, Kosolapov, Sokov (RU-US), Nest group, Bruskin (RU)	painting, sculpture	socialist realism, pop art
	Komar & Melamid, Portrait of the Wife of Vitaly Komar with Son and a Portrait of the Wife of Alex Melamid, 1972. Diptych, from the series Sots Art. Artists. Leonid Sokov, Irritator, 1974. Wood, iron, and oil paint with mechanism to move tongue. 31.5 x 20.5 x 9 cm. Dodge/Zimmerli. Erik Bulatov, Krasikov Street, 1977. Oil on canvas. 150 x 198,5 cm. Dodge/Zimmerli. en Oxford DA, Tate. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
Graffiti Art	1972 City College show 1983 Post-Graffiti	1975 Martinez 1982 Foster	Basquiat, Haring, Rammellzee, McGee (US), Banksy (UK)	mural, painting, drawing
	Jean-Michel Basquiat, Obnoxious Liberals, 1982. Acrylic, oilstick, and spray paint on canvas. 172.7 × 259.1 cm. Keith Haring, Untitled, 1984. Acrylic on muslin. 238.8 x 238.8 cm. Artist. Banksy, [Kissing Policemen] (detail), 2004. Stencil graffiti in Brighton, UK. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Grove US, Oxford DA, Tate. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
Papunya Tula	1972 cooperative formed 1981 Australian Perspecta 1985 The Face of the Centre: Papunya Tula Paintings 1971–1984 2000 Papunya Tula: Genesis and Genius		Possum, Kaapa, Stockman, Uta Uta, Anatjari, Leura, Tolson (AU)	painting, mural	dreaming
	Uta Uta Tjangala, Ngurrapalangu, 1974. Acrylic paint on particle board. 61 cm x 76.5 cm. NMA Canberra. Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, Warlugulong 1977. Synthetic polymer paint, oil and natural earth pigments on canvas synthetic polymer paint, oil and natural earth pigments on canvas. 202 x 337.5 cm. NGA Canberra. Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri and Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, Spirit Dreaming Through Napperby Country, 1980. Synthetic polymer paint on canvas. 207.7 × 670.8 cm. NGV Melbourne. AU Papunya Tula Artists, NGA Canberra, NMA Canberra + +, AG NSW Sydney, NGV Melbourne, Flinders U, Australian M Sydney, Knights, Wilkersons.
New Topographics	1975 New Topographics	1975 Jenkins	Adams, Baltz, Gohlke, Nixon, Shore (US), Bechers (DE)	photography	man-altered landscape
	Robert Adams, Tract House, Westminster, Colorado, 1974. Gelatin silver print. 15.2 x 19.6 cm. Eastman. Lewis Baltz, West Wall, Semicoa, 333 McCormick, Costa Mesa, 1974. Gelatin silver print. 15.4 x 22.9 cm. Edition of 21. From series of 51 photographs, New Industrial Parks Near Irvine, California. MFAH. Bernd & Hilla Becher, Spherical Gas Tanks, Typologies, 1983-92. Ferrotyped gelatin silver prints on Agfa paper. 60.7 x 51.5 cm each. Book. INT Artsy. en Grove US.
Tansaekhwa, Dansaekhwa	1975 Five Korean Artists, Five Kinds of White 1975 École de Seoul 2014 Overcoming the Modern	1980 Yil	Chong-hyun, Chang-sup, Sang-hwa, Ufan, Whan-ki, Young-woo, Seo-bo (KO)	painting
	Chung Sang-Hwa, Untitled 73-7, 1973, Acrylic on canvas. 165 × 115 cm. Lee Ufan, From Point, 1974. Oil on canvas. 160 x 130 cm. Kwon Young-Woo, Untitled, 1984. Gouache, chinese ink on paper. 224 x 170 cm. en Tate.
Laboratoire Agit'Art	1974 group established 1977 Tenq project space starts	2004 Harney 2014 Deliss	Samb, El Sy, Sèye, Traoré (SN)	performance, installation, photography, film, painting, sculpture	performance art, critique of Négritude
	El Hadji Sy, No. 13 Esprit de l'univers, 1981. Oil on canvas. en Tate.
Resistance Art	1977 A New Day 1982 Culture and Resistance Symposium & Art for Social Development 2011 Impressions from South Africa	1986 To All Organizations and Cultural Workers 1989 Williamson	Mnyele, Tladi (ZA-BW), Martins, Magadlela, Clarke, Catherine, Rakgoathe, Muafangejo, Williamson, Kentridge, Bester (ZA), group: Medu Art Ensemble (BW-ZA)	printmaking, painting	Black Consciousness Movement, anti-apartheid
	Thami Mnyele, Remember Me, 1974. Wax crayon, conte ink on paper. 122 x 96.4 cm. Lefifi Tladi, c1979. Medu Art Ensemble, You Have Struck a Rock, 1981. Screenprinted poster. 60 x 42 cm. Designer: Judy Seidman. [12] ZA Ifa Lethu. en Tate.
Pictures Generation	1977 Pictures 2009 Pictures Generation	1979 Crimp 1980 Owens, (2)	Sherman, Levine, Prince, Kruger (US), Goldstein (CA-US)	photography, film, video, performance, painting	mass culture, appropriation, performance art, Barthes 1967
	Jack Goldstein, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1975. 16mm color sound film, 2 min. Video. Cindy Sherman, Untitled Film Still #6, 1977. Gelatin silver print. 24 x 16.5 cm. From series of 69. MoMA. Book. Sherrie Levine, After Walker Evans: 4, Gelatin silver print. From series of 22. Met. INT Artsy. en Met, Tate.
Vancouver School of Photo-conceptualism	2005 Intertidal 2015 Traces That Resemble Us		Wallace (UK-CA), Wall, Graham, Lum, Douglas, Arden (CA)	photography, installation	conceptual art, cinema
	Ian Wallace, Lookout (detail), 1979. Hand-coloured silver gelatin print, 1 of 12. 91.5 x 122 cm (each). VAG Vancouver. Jeff Wall, Picture for Women, 1979. Cibachrome transparency mounted on a lightbox. 161,5 x 223,5 x 28,5 cm. Pompidou. Stan Douglas, Onomatopoeia, 1985-86. Slide projection for 120 black-and-white slides, one music roll. Zwirner. [13] en Wikipedia.
Neoism	1979 The Brain in the Mail 1980 APT '80	1979 Cantsin 1984-95 SMILE 1984 Cantsin 1987 Cantsin	Ackerman (US), Zack (US-CA), Kantor (HU-CA), Tolson (US), Bonbon (CA), Zealot (DE), Horobin, Home (UK) Cramer (DE-NL), Cantsin, Eliot, Blissett (int)	performance, printmaking, prank, film	mail art, Fluxus, counterculture, plagiarism
	Monty Cantsin, Neoism Manifesto, 1979. Author. Istvan Kantor, Neoist Chair Action, 1980. Stewart Home, cover of SMILE 1, 1984. Published in Woking, England. en Monoskop, Wikipedia.
Sound Art, Sound Installation	1980 Für Augen und Ohren 1987 Ars Electronica 1990 Sound by Artists 1996 Sonambiente 1996– Singuhr 2012 Sounding the Body Electric 2012 Sound Art: Sound as a Medium of Art	1975 Grayson 1985 Wishart	Lucier, Neuhaus, Amacher, Leitner (AT), DeMarinis, B Fontana (US), R Julius, Kubisch (DE), Collins (US)	installation, sculpture, performance	Russolo, Satie, Cage, Murray-Schafer, Eno
	Alvin Lucier, Music on a Long Thin Wire, 1979. Wire, wood, electro-magnet, electronics. Max Neuhaus, Untitled [Sound Installation], [1979-89] 1992. Pencil on paper. 89.5 x 55 cm, 89.5 x 40 cm. MCA Chicago. INT Artsy. en Monoskop, Oxford DA, Tate. cr Šuvaković. sl Pojmovnik.
Stars Group, Xingxing	1979 first Stars group show		Weiwei, Rui, Shuang, Desheng, Keping (CN)	painting, sculpture, drawing
	The first Stars group exhibition, Beijing, 1979. Wang Keping, Silence, 1978. Wood, stained. Ma Desheng, Dancing Woman, 1983. Ink on paper. INT Artsy. en Tate.
Minjung Art, People's Art	1980 Reality and Utterance 1988 Min Joong Art 1994 Fifteen Years of Minjung Art		Yoon, Song-dam, Chul-Soo, Bong-Chun, Hyeonsil gwa Bareon group (KO)	printmaking, drawing	anti-capitalism
	Hong Sung Dam, May 27-Daedong Sesang, 1984. Woodcut. Oh Yoon, General Green Pea, 1985. Colored woodcut. 35 x 26 cm. Lee Chul-Soo, In the Streets, c1988. Woodcut. en Tate.
Neo-Expressionism, Neue Wilden, Figuration libre, Heftige Malerei	1980 Venice Biennial 1982 Zeitgeist 1982 documenta 7		Baselitz, Penck, Immendorff, Kiefer, Lüpertz (DE), Schnabel (US), Le Brun (UK), Combas, Blanchard, Boisrond, de Rosa (FR)	painting	expr.
	Anselm Kiefer, Interior, 1981. Oil, acrylic and paper on canvas. 287.5 x 311 cm. Stedelijk Georg Baselitz, Orangenesser [Orange Eater], 1982. Oil on canvas. 146 x 114 cm. A.R. Penck, Die Zukunft des Emigranten [The Future of Emigrants], 1983. Ace resin on canvas. 260 x 350 cm. NNG Berlin +. FR Pompidou f.l. (select movement). US Guggenheim, Met. AR MNBA. INT Artsy, Artsy n.f., Google AP. en Oxford DA, Oxford DMCA, Tate, Tate n.w., Wikipedia, Wikipedia f.l. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković, Šuvaković. hu Artportal, Artportal. no SNL.
Transavanguardia	1979 Le Stanze	1979 Oliva 1980 Oliva	Chia, Clemente, Cucchi, Paladino (IT)	painting	neo-expr.
	Francesco Clemente, Fourteen Stations n.III, 1981-82. Oil on canvas. 198 x 236 cm. Sandro Chia, Hand Game, 1981. Olio su tela, 199 x 153 x 4,5 cm. Enzo Cucchi, A terra d'uomo, 1980. Pencil on lined paper. 180 x 210 cm. FR Pompidou. INT Artsy. en Tate. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. no SNL.
New British Sculpture	1981 Objects and Sculpture		Cox, Cragg, Flanagan, Gormley, Deacon, Houshiary, Kapoor, Wilding, Woodrow (UK)	sculpture
	Tony Cragg, Stack, 1975. Wood, concrete, brick, metal, plastic, textile, cardboard and paper. 200 x 200 x 200 cm. Tate. Bill Woodrow, Car Door, Ironing Board and Twin-Tub with North American Indian Head-Dress, 1981. Washing machine, ironing board and car door. 186.5 x 283 x 157 cm. Tate. Alison Wilding, Locust, 1983. Copper, oak and lead. 208 x 70 x 42 cm. Tate. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Oxford DA, Tate. cr Šuvaković.
Düsseldorf School of Photography			Bechers, Ruff, Gursky, Höfer, Hütte, Struth (DE)	photography	Neue Sachlichkeit, new topogr.
	Thomas Ruff, Porträt (Pia Stadtbäumer), 1988. Chromogenic colour print laminated with diasec face. 210 x 165 cm. Edition of 3. From Porträts series. MMK, Harn, Henry. Thomas Struth, Art Institute of Chicago II, 1990. Chromogenic print. 180 x 215 cm. From series Museum Photographs. Artist. Andreas Gursky, Rhine II, 1999. Chromogenic color print. 156.4 x 308.3 cm. Edition of 6. Tate. MoMA. UK Tate. US Met. INT Artsy. en Met, Tate.
Neue Slowenische Kunst	1984 NSK established		Irwin, Laibach, New Collectivism (SL)	performance, sculpture	retro-avant-garde
	Laibach, 1983. Photo by Dušan Gerlica. IRWIN, Malevič med dvema vojnama [Malevich Between Two Wars], 1984. NSK Passport, 1993. Artists. en Tate. cr Šuvaković. sl Pojmovnik.
Postcolonial Art	1984 'Primitivism' in 20th Century Art [14] 1989 Magiciens de la terre 2014 Magiciens de la terre. Retour sur une exposition légendaire		Durham, Hammons (US), Ofili (UK-TT), Orozco (MX-FR-US), Walker (US)	sculpture, performance, installation	Fanon 1961, Said 1978: Orientalism
	David Hammons, Bliz-aard Ball Sale, 1983. Twenty color slides. Performance in front of Cooper Union, NYC. Jimmie Durham, Often Durham Employs..., 1988. Mixed media, wood, squirrel skin, paint, plastic. 30.5 x 40.6 x 12.7 cm. Gabriel Orozco, Home Run, 1993. Installation in apartment building, view from the Museum of Modern Art, NYC. UK Tate. en Tate.
British Black Arts Movement	1984 Into the Open 1987 The Image Employed 1989 The Other Story		Araeen, Bailey, Black Audio Film Collective, Boyce, Chambers, Dedi, Forrester, Himid, C Johnson, Kapo, Palmer, K Piper, Rodney, Sealy, M Smith, Sulter (UK)	painting, sculpture, photography	Stuart Hall
	Sonia Boyce, From Tarzan to Rambo: English Born ‘Native’ Considers her Relationship to the Constructed/Self Image and her Roots in Reconstruction, 1987. Photographs, black and white, on paper, photocopies on paper, acrylic paint , ballpoint pen, crayon and felt-tip pen. Support: 124 x 359 cm. Tate. Keith Piper, Go West Young Man, 1987. 14 photographs, gelatin silver print on paper mounted onto board. In 14 parts, each: 84 x 56 cm. Tate. Rasheed Araeen, Bismullah, 1988. 5 photographs, colour, on paper, acrylic paint and gold paint on 4 canvases. Displayed: 154.4 x 230 cm. Tate. en Tate.
Xiamen Dada	1983 Cultural Palace 1986 Burning Event	1986 Yongping	Yongping, Jiahua, Yaoming, Xiaogang, Chengdou (CN)	assemblage, painting, sculpture	dada, Chan Buddhism
	Xiamen Dada, photograph of the burning of art works in front of the Xiamen New Art Gallery on 24 Nov 1986. en ECCC, Tate.
Rational Painting, Lixing huihua		1986 Minglu	Guangyi, Qun, Jian, Yan, Peili, Jianyi, Qiang (CN)	painting
	Wang Guangyi, Red Rationality: Revision of the Idols, 1987. Oil on canvas. 200 × 160 cm. Zhang Peili, X? Series, 1987. Oil on canvas. 99 x 79.5 cm. Geng Jianyi, The Second Situation, 1987. Oil on canvas, set of four. Each: 170 × 130 cm. en Tate.
85 New Wave, bawu meishu xinchao	1985 shows in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Beijing, Shanghai, Yunnan, Shenzhen, Shanxi	1986 Minglu 2011 Minglu		painting	rational painting, xiamen dada
	Shen Qin, Shitu duihua [Dialogue Between the Teacher and Disciple], 1985. Zhang Qun and Meng Luding, In the New Era: Revelations of Adam and Eve, 1985. Oil on canvas. 196 x 164 cm. Xu Bing, Tiānshū [A Book from the Sky], 1987-91. Hand-printed books and scrolls printed from blocks inscribed with false characters. Artist. INT Artsy. en ECCC, Tate.
Neo-Geo, Simulationism, Neo-Conceptualism	1986 Endgame	1996 Foster	Halley, Bickerton, Goldstein, Welling, Koons (US), Lavier (FR)	painting, assemblage, sculpture	abstraction, appropriation art, Baudrillard 1981: simulation
	Peter Halley, Prison and Cell with Smokestack and Conduit, 1985. Acrylic, roll-a-tex/canvas. Jeff Koons, Three Ball Total Equilibrium Tank (Two Dr J Silver Series, Spalding NBA Tip-Off), 1985. Glass, steel, pneumatic feet, 3 rubber basketballs and water. 153.6 x 123.8 x 33.6 cm. Tate Ashley Bickerton, Commercial Piece #1, 1989. Anodized aluminum, wood, leather, acrylic paint, rubber. 177.8 x 259.1 x 50.8 cm. FR Pompidou s., + n. (select movement). INT Artsy, Artsy n.c. en Guggenheim n.c., Oxford DA, Tate. cr Šuvaković, Šuvaković n.c., Šuvaković s.
Young British Artists (YBA)	1988 Freeze 1995 Brilliant! 1997 Sensation	1992 Corris	Hirst, Lucas, Fairhurst, Landy, Emin, Dean (UK)	sculpture, installation
	Damien Hirst, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, 1991. Tiger shark, glass, steel and formaldehyde solution. 213 x 518 x 213 cm. Sarah Lucas, Au Naturel, 1994. Mattress, water bucket, melons, oranges and cucumber. 84 x 168 x 145 cm. INT Artsy, Google AP. en Grove, Oxford DA, Tate. cr Šuvaković.
Cynical Realism		1992 Xianting	Minjun, Lijun, Xiaogang, Jinsong, Shaobin, Yonghong (CN)	painting	socialist realism, political pop
	Zhang Xiaogang, Bloodline — Big Family: Three Comrades, 1994. Oil on canvas. 150 x 180 cm. Yue Minjun, Execution, 1995. Oil on canvas. 150 x 300 cm. Yang Shaobin, Untitled, 2001. INT Artsy. en ECCC, Tate. cr Šuvaković.
Political Pop		1992 Xianting	Guangyi, Youhan, Ziwei, Mengbo, Peili, Guangqing, Zhijie (CN)	painting	85 new wave, pop art
	Zhang Peili, Water – The Standard Pronunciation of 1989, 1990, Oil on canvas. Set of 3: 100 x 80cm (each). Yu Youhan, Mao in a Colourful Lounge Chair, 1992. Acrylic on canvas. 118 x 98 cm. Wang Guangyi, Great Criticism: Andy Warhol, 2002. Oil on canvas. 200 x 300 cm INT Artsy. en ECCC.
Relational Art, Relational Aesthetics	1993 Backstage 1996 Traffic 2002 Touch 2008 theanyspacewhatever	1998 Bourriaud 2004 Bishop	Parreno, Huyghe (FR), Gillick (UK-US), Tiravanija (TH-US), Beecroft (IT-US), Cattelan (IT), Höller (BE), Gordon (UK)	performance, installation, sculpture
	Rirkrit Tiravanija, Untitled (pad thai), 1990. Mixed media. Dimensions variable. Philippe Pareno, Snow Dancing, 1995. Book, public event, exhibition. + +. Vanessa Beecroft, VB16 Piano Americano-Beige, 1996. Exhibition. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy. en Tate. cr Šuvaković.
New Genre Public Art	1993 Culture in Action	1994 Lacy 2002 Kwon	Lacy, Dion (US), Bruguera (CU-US)
	Suzanne Lacy and a coalition of Chicago Women, Full Circle, 1992-93. Artist. Mark Dion and the Chicago Urban Ecology Action Group, Chicago Urban Ecology Action Group, 1993. UK Tate. en Tate.
Abject Art	1993 Abject Art	1994 October 1996 Foster	Sherman, Kelley, McCarthy, Bourgeois, Schneemann, Gober, K Smith (US), Chadwick, Gilbert&George, Lucas, Chapman bros (UK)	sculpture, performance, installation	Kristeva 1980, Bataille, feminist art
	Kiki Smith, Blood Pool, 1992. Wax, gauze, and pigment. 106.7 x 61 x 40.6 cm. Artic. Jake Chapman, Dinos Chapman, from Exquisite Corpse series, 2000. Etching on paper. 22.8 x 7.8 cm. Tate. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Tate, Wikipedia.
Archival Art, Archival Aesthetics		2004 Foster	Gonzalez-Torres (CU-US), Tiravanija (TH-US), Gillick (UK-US), Hirschhorn (CH-FR), Orozco (MX-FR-US), Gordon (UK), Huyghe, Parreno, Gonzalez-Foerster (FR), Green, Dion, Durant (US), Dean (UK)	installation, performance
	Liam Gillick, McNamara, 1994. Brionvega Algol TVC 11R, 35mm film transferred onto appropriate format, Florence Knoll table (optional), copies of various drafts of the film McNamara. Dimensions variable. Artist. Thomas Hirschhorn, Raymond Carver Altar, 1998-99. Mixed-media installation at The Galleries at Moore, Philadelphia. Tacita Dean, Bubble House (Exterior), 1999. R-type photograph. 148 x 173 cm.
Tactical Media	1993 Next 5 Minutes	1992 N5M Zapbook 1994 CAE	Critical Art Ensemble, The Yes Men, Electronic Disturbance Theater, ®TMark (US), Bureau of Inverse Technology, Ubermorgen (int), Raqs Media Collective (IN), Garcia (NL-UK)	performance, software, installation	situationists, de Certeau 1980: strategy vs tactics
	Critical Art Ensemble, By Any Media Necessary, 2000. Poster. The Yes Men, Dow, 2004. Artists. Julian Oliver, Daniil Vasiliev, Newstweek, 2011. Artists. en Tate.
Net Art, Internet Art	1993 jodi.org 1994 irational.org 1997 documenta X 1998 Beyond Interface 2000 Digital Is Not Analog	1996 Blank 1999 ReadMe!	Jodi (BE/NL), Ćosić (SL), Bunting & irational.org (UK/int), Shulgin, Lialina (RU), Bookchin (US), 0100101110101101.org (IT)	software	Nettime
	Jodi, wwwwwwwww.jodi.org, 1995. The sub-domain wwwwwwwww was installed in 2001 and contains works from 1995 to 1998. Web page. Online. Alexei Shulgin, Form Art, 1997. Web page. Online. 0100101110101101.org, Life Sharing, 2000-03. Web page. Documentation. US Turbulence. INT Artsy. en Grove, Guggenheim, Tate. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. sl Pojmovnik.
Browser Art			I/O/D (UK), Jodi (BE/NL), Napier (US)	software	net art, software art
	I/O/D (Matthew Fuller, Colin Green, Simon Pope), I/O/D 4: The Web Stalker, 1997. Software. Online. Jodi, Wrong Browser, 1998-2000. Software. Online. Mark Napier, Shredder, 1998. Software. Online. en Tate.
Afrofuturism	2013 The Shadows Took Shape 2015 Unveiling Visions	1994 Dery 1998 Eshun	Akomfrah (GH-UK), Kia Henda (AO), Otolith Group (UK), Mutu (KE-US), De Middel (ES-UK)		mythology, race, technology
	The Otolith Group and Richard Couzins, Otolith I, 2003. Video, 22m25s, Colour, Sound. Artists. Kiluanji Kia Hendi, Icarus 13, The First Journey to the Sun, 2007. 8 photographs, model. Cristina De Middel, Untitled (from The Afronauts series), 2012. The Afronauts. Artist. Book. INT Artsy. en Tate.
Game Art	1998 Synreal: The Unreal Modification 2001 Game Show 2003 Games: Computer Games by Artists	2002 Holmes	Jodi (BE/NL), Mongrel (UK), Bookchin (US), Eastwood (SR), Diosi (SK-CZ), Molleindustria (IT), J Oliver (NZ-DE), Jahrmann (AT)	software, installation
	Jodi, SOD, 1999. Macintosh/PC computer game. 12 screen shots. Online. Natalie Bookchin, The Intruder, 1999. Web-based game. Artist. Eastwood, Civilization IV: Age of Empire, 2004. PC computer game. Online.
Post-Sense Sensibility	1999 Post-sense, Sensibility, Alien Bodies and Delusion		Liu Wei, Yuan (CN)	installation, performance, video, photography
	Sun Yuan, Honey, 1999. Installation. 200 × 300 × 150 cm. Bed, old man's face sample, fetus sample, ice. Artist. Wang Wei, 1/30 Sec. Underwater, 1999. Lightboxes with sound.
Bio Art	2000 Ars Electronica: Next Sex		Kac (US), Stelarc (CY-AU), Critical Art Ensemble (US), Jeremijenko (AU-US), SymbioticA (AU), Quinn (UK), De Menezes (PT), Dewey-Hagborg (US)		genetics
	Natalie Jeremijenko, OneTree(s), 1999-2000. 1,000 fast-growing fruitless walnut trees cloned from one tree's tissue and planted around the San Francisco Bay Area. Artist. Eduardo Kac, GFP Bunny, 2000. Green fluorescent rabbit ("Alba"). Artist. Stelarc, Ear on Arm, 2007. Photograph by Nina Sellars. Artist. en Tate.
Software Art	2002 Readme 2002 CODeDOC 2003 Ars Electronica: Code	2006 Goriunova 2008 Mansoux & de Valk	Mansoux (FR-NL), I/O/D, Mongrel, McLean, Ward, Yuill (UK), Levin, Radical Software Group (US), 0100101110101101.org (IT), Moddr, Netochka Nezvanova (int)	software	net art, browser art, game art
	Alex McLean, forkbomb.pl, 2001. Software. Online. Perpetual Self Dis/Infecting Machine, custom made computer infected with Biennale.py by 0100101110101101.org and Epidemic, 2001. Online. Adrian Ward, Auto-Illustrator, 2002. Software. Online. en Monoskop, Tate.
Post-Internet Art	2011 Grouped Show 2011 The Greater Cloud 2014 Art Post-Internet 2016 The Present in Drag	2008 Olson 2010 Vierkant 2011 Pool 2011 McGugh 2014 Kholeif	Laric (AT-DE), Domanović (SR-SL-AT-DE), Novitskova (EE-NL), Rafman (CA), Si-Qin (DE), Arcangel, Olson, Cortright, Vierkant (US)	sculpture, digital print, software, video	surf clubs, VVORK, DIS, new aesthetic
	Oliver Laric, Versions (Missile Variations), 2010. Airbrush on dibond. 70 x 100 cm. From series of c10. Artist. Tanya Leighton. Katja Novitskova, Curiosity and Opportunity: Next Best Thing To Being There, 2012. Online panorama app for mobile and desktop browsers, dimensions variable. Artist. Aleksandra Domanović, Portrait (Soft-Touch), 2013. Polyurethane base and soft-touch coating. 44 x 22 x 38 cm each. Exhibition. Tanya Leighton. INT Artsy. en Monoskop, Wikipedia.

More

This list extends the above table to include terms which are not widely established or which will be added to it later.

• Abramtsevo Colony. en Grove DA, Wikipedia.
• Abstract Art. US Met. INT Artsy. en Tate, Wikipedia. fr Pompidou.
• Abstract Colorism. Pojmovnik.
• Abstract Figuration. artists: Wols, Fautrier, Dubuffet, Cobra, Pollock, Gorky, Baziotes, Gottlieb, Motherwell, Guston, de Kooning. cr Šuvaković.
• Affichistes. en Oxford DMCA. fr Larousse.es Akal.
• Allianz. fr Larousse.
• Amazonian Pop Art, Wild Naive. en Wikipedia
• Ambient Art. de RDK.
• American Abstract Artists. 1937 Squibb Gallery show. UK Tate.
  en Grove US, Tate. fr Larousse. ref: abstraction-création, cubism.
• American Scene. en SSM2.
• American Studio Craft Movement. INT Artsy.
• Anachronists, Anacronismo. artists: Calvesi. Mariani, Barni, Bartolini, Galliani, di Stasio, Tanganelli. painting. it Treccani. es Akal. cr Šuvaković
• Analytic Abstraction. es Akal.
• Analytic Painting. artists: Urkom, Damnjanovic, Demur. de RDK. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
• Angry Art. artists: ACT UP, Jones. [15]
• Angry Penguins. en Tate. es Akal.
• Anti-Design. en SSM2.
• Antiform. en Tate. fr Pompidou. FR Pompidou.
• Appropriation art. FR Pompidou. INT Artsy. de RDK.
• Arbeitsrat für Kunst. en SSM2, Wikipedia.
• Archizoom. en Grove DA.
• Art and Science. sl Pojmovnik.
• Artists' Books, Book Art. INT Artsy. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal, Artportal.
• Art Photography. en SSM2, Wikipedia.
• Ashcan School, The Eight. US Met. INT Artsy. en Tate, Wikipedia.
• Assemblage. INT Artsy. en Art Since 1900: 415-20, SSM2, Tate, Wikipedia. es Akal.
• Automatists. en Wikipedia. es Akal.
• Bad Painting. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy. fr Larousse. es Akal.
• Barbizon School. US Met, Met US b.s. INT Artsy. en Wikipedia, Wikipedia US b.s.
• The Baroda Group. en Tate.
• Bay Area Figuration. INT Artsy. [16]
• Beat Generation, Beat Art. US Met. FR Pompidou (select movement). en SSM2.
• Beijing East Village. INT Artsy.
• Bengal School of Art. INT Artsy. en Wikipedia.
• BMPT. FR Pompidou. es Akal.
• La Boca. en CVAA. es CVAA.
• Brücke (now part of Expressionism). FR Pompidou (select movement). US Met. INT Artsy. en Grove, SSM, Tate, Wikipedia. es Akal. no SNL.
• Brutalism. INT Artsy. en SSM2, Tate.
• CalArts. INT Artsy.
• Cercle et Carré. FR Pompidou (select movement). en Tate. es Akal.
• Chicago Imagists. INT Artsy.
• Chicago School. US Met. en SSM2.
• Chicano Art. INT Artsy.
• Cloisonnism. artists: Louis Anquetin, Emile Bernard. en SSM2. de RDK.
• Cluj School. INT Artsy.
• Combine Painting, Combines. en SSM2. de RDK.
• Conceptual Photography. UK Tate. en Tate.
• Constructionism. UK Tate. en Tate.
• Continuità. it Treccani.
• Corrente. it Treccani.
• Craftsman Movement. en Grove US.
• Cybernetic art. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. sl Pojmovnik.
• Dau al Set. INT Artsy. en Wikipedia.
• Decadence (now implied in Aestheticism). UK Tate. en SSM2, Tate.
• Deconstructivism. INT Artsy. en Wikipedia. de RDK. it Treccani.
• DesignArt. en SSM2.
• Destination art. en SSM2.
• Deutscher Werkbund. en SSM2. it Treccani.
• Digital Art. INT Artsy. en Tate, Wikipedia. cr Šuvaković.
• East Village Art. 1984 New Galleries of the Lower East Side. 1984 The East Village Scene [17]. 2004 East Village USA. INT Artsy.
• Eat Art. de RDK.
• Electronic Art. cr Šuvaković.
• Elementarism (now part of De Stijl). en SSM2. it Treccani. no SNL.
• Epoxy Art Group. en Grove US.
• Euston Road School. en Tate.
• Existential Art. en SSM2.
• Existentialist Figuration. Pojmovnik.
• Expressive Figuration. Pojmovnik.
• Fantastic Art. Pojmovnik.
• Färg och Form. SNL.
• Folk art. US Met US f.a., INT Artsy. en Grove US, Wikipedia.
• Forces nouvelles. FR Pompidou.
• Fronte nuovo delle arti. it Treccani. no SNL.
• Fundamental Painting, Reductive Painting, Introspective Painting. 1975 Stedelijk show. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
• Funk Art. FR Pompidou (select movement). INT Artsy. en Grove US, SSM2. it Treccani. no SNL.
• Geometric Abstraction. US Met. INT Google AP. en Met, Wikipedia. fr Larousse. cr Šuvaković. Pojmovnik.
• Gödöllo colony. 1901-21 operates near Budapest. 1909 National Salon Budapest show. artists: Körösfoi-Kriesch, S Nagy, Kriesch, Raálo, Remsey, Frecskai, Belmonte, Juhász, Mihály, Zichy, M Undi, C Undi, Sidló (HU). sculpture, crafts, design. ref: Arts and Crafts, Tolstoy.
• Gothic Revival. en Grove US.
• GRAV (now part of Kinetic art). en SSM2.
• Groupe Espace. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Groupe Panique. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Group f/64. US Met. INT Artsy. en Tate. photography.
• Group Material. INT Artsy.
• Gruppo 7. en SSM2.
• Gruppo degli Otto. it Treccani.
• Gruppo Uno. it Treccani.
• High-Tech. en SSM2.
• Hypergraphisme. FR Pompidou.
• Hypermannerism. cr Šuvaković
• Imaginisterna. no SNL.
• Installation Art (now implied in Environment). US Met. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Grove, Tate. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
• Interactive Art. cr Šuvaković
• International Style. US Met. INT Artsy. en SSM2, Tate.
• Jack of Diamonds. en SSM2.
• Jugendstil (now part of Art Nouveau). en Britannica, SSM2. de RDK. no SNL.
• Junk art. de RDK. cr Šuvaković
• Kitchen Sink School. UK Tate. en SSM2, Tate.
• Konkretistene. no SNL.
• Light and Space Movement. 2015 Another Minimalism: Art After California Light and Space. INT Artsy. ref: minimalism.
• Light Art. en Oxford DA. INT Artsy.
• Ljubljana Graphic School. sl Pojmovnik.
• London School. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Magic Realism. UK Tate. INT Google AP. en SSM2, Tate, Wikipedia.
• Mechanical Art. es Akal.
• M.I.A.R. en SSM2.
• Modernisme. en SSM2.
• Multimedia Art. cr Šuvaković
• Musicalisme. FR Pompidou.
• Les Nabis (now part of Post-Impressionism). US Met. en SSM2, Tate, Wikipedia.
• Naive Art. it Treccani. sl Pojmovnik. no SNL. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Narrative art. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Narrative figuration. fr Pompidou. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Neo-Avant-Garde. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković
• Neo-Constructivism. cr Šuvaković. sl Pojmovnik.
• Neoliberty. it Treccani.
• Neo-Pop. en SSM2.
• Neorealismo. it Treccani.
• Neoromantismm, Neo-Romanticism. FR Pompidou. en SSM2. de RDK.
• Neue Sezession. no SNL.
• New American Color Photography. INT Artsy.
• New American Documentary Photography. INT Artsy.
• New Artistic Practice. 1966-78. term: Denegri, Susovski, Maticevic. cr Šuvaković
• New Baroque. 1981 Millet. cr Šuvaković. ref: Neo-Expressionism, Transavanguardia.
• New Figuration. 2010 Nueva Figuración 1961-1965. 1961 Ragon. AR MNBA. en Tate, Oxford DA. cr Šuvaković
• New Futurism. 1980s-mid. Abate, Bonfiglio, Innocente, Lodole, Palmieri, Postal (IT). painting, sculpture, design. cr Šuvaković. futurism
• New Generation Sculpture. UK Tate. en Oxford DA, Tate. cr Šuvaković.
• New Image Painting. 1978 Whitney show. Guston, Bartlett (US). painting. Oxford DA---"vague term". cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal. Pojmovnik.. neo-expr.
• New Leipzig School. artists: Rauch, Ruckhäberle, Weischer. painting. INT Artsy. en Wikipedia.
• New Materials. cr Šuvaković
• New Media Art. en Oxford bib.
• New Spirit Painting. UK Tate. en Tate.
• New Tendencies. cr Šuvaković
• Non-Figurative Art. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Novecento Italiano. en SSM2, Wikipedia. it Treccani. FR Pompidou.
• Novembergruppe (now part of Expressionism). en SSM2. it Treccani. no SNL.
• Nuclear Art. FR Pompidou (select movement). en Tate, Wikipedia. it Treccani. es Akal.
• Object Art. de RDK. it Treccani.
• Objective Abstraction. UK Tate. en Tate, Wikipedia.
• Open Form. artists: Hansen.
• Organic abstraction. en SSM2.
• Organic architecture. it Treccani.
• Palladianism. de RDK.
• Participatory Art. en Tate.
• Pattern and Decoration. INT Artsy.
• Pattern Painting. hu Artportal. [18]
• Pictorial Photography. US Met. en Grove, Met US p., Tate.
• Pintura matérica, Arte materica. Wikipedia-ES. it Treccani.
• Poetism, Devětsil. en Monoskop D. it Treccani. cz ArtsLexikon. cr Šuvaković.
• Political Art, Politkunst. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal
• Postavanguardia. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković
• Post-'70s Ego Generation. INT Artsy.
• Post-Conceptual Art. cr Šuvaković. hu Artportal.
• Post-Expressionism. no SNL.
• Postgeometric Abstraction. cr Šuvaković
• Postmodernism. US Met. FR Pompidou. en Grove, Tate. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
• Post-Surrealism. cr Šuvaković
• Primitive Art. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Primitivism. FR Pompidou. US Guggenheim. UK Tate. en Grove, Tate. it Treccani.
• Progressive Artists' Movement. INT Artsy.
• Psychedelic Art. en Tate, Wikipedia. no SNL.
• Pure Photography. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Queer Abstraction. UK Tate. en Tate.
• Queer Aesthetics, Activist art, artists: Group Material, Border Art Ensemble, General Idea, Gran Fury, Little Elvis. en Art Since 1900: 605ff, Tate.
• Realism. US Met, NGA. RU Hermitage. UK Tate, V&A. AR MNBA. INT Artsy US r. en Grove, Met, Tate, Wikipedia, Wikipedia US r. fr Pompidou. cr Šuvaković. no SNL.
• Réalités nouvelles. en Tate.
• Regionalism. AR MNBA. en Grove.
• Retro-Avant-Garde. cr Šuvaković. sl Pojmovnik. no SNL.
• Return to Order, Valori plastici. 1918-22 Valori plastici. UK Tate. AR MNBA. DICT en Tate. it Treccani. no SNL. painting. ref: Classicism, Realism.
• Der Ring. en SSM2.
• Rivara. it Treccani.
• Salon de la Rose+Croix. en SSM2.
• Salon des Réalités Nouvelles. ref: Abstraction-Création.
• da Santacroce. it Treccani.
• School of Amsterdam. en SSM2.
• School of Dakar. en Tate.
• School of London. UK Tate. INT Artsy. en Tate.
• School of Paris, École de Paris. FR Pompidou (select movement). US Met. NL Gemeente. en Guggenheim, Met, Tate. cr Šuvaković.
• Section d'Or. FR Pompidou (select movement).
• Semiotic art. cr Šuvaković
• Signalism. 1970-73 Signal. cr Šuvaković
• Site Works. en SSM2.
• Snapshot Aesthetic. INT Artsy.
• Social Realism. US DPLA. INT Artsy. en Grove, SSM2. cr Šuvaković.
• Soviet Nonconformist Art, Nonconformism, Unofficial art, Underground art. groups: Lianozovo, Sretensky Boulevard, Moscow Conceptualists, Petersburg Non-Conformist Group, School of Sidlin, Odessa group (RU). en Wikipedia.
• Spiral Group. INT Artsy.
• Spiralen. no SNL.
• St Ives School. UK Tate. en Tate.
• Street Art. INT Artsy. en Wikipedia. de RDK.
• Stuckism. en Tate, Wikipedia.
• Studio Azzurro. it Treccani.
• Superflat. artists: Murakami, Aoshima, Takano (JP). en Tate, Wikipedia.
• Supports-Surfaces. FR Pompidou. en SSM2.
• Synchromism. INT Artsy. en SSM2, Wikipedia. it Treccani. no SNL.
• Taller Gráfica Popular. en Tate.
• Technological Art. cr Šuvaković
• Telematic Art. en Tate.
• Tenebrism. de RDK.
• Totemism. fr Pompidou.
• Trieste Slovenian Painters. sl Pojmovnik.
• Tropicália. en Tate.
• Unit One. it Treccani. no SNL.
• Verismo. AR MNBA.
• Video Activism. en Monoskop.
• Les Vingt, Les XX. en SSM2.
• Virtual art. cr Šuvaković
• Vkhutemas. it Treccani. cr Šuvaković
• Vokovizuel. cr Šuvaković
• Wanderers, Itinerants, Peredvizhniki. en Wikipedia. it Treccani. painting. ref: realism
• Washington Color School. INT Artsy. en Tate.
• Wiener Werkstätte. it Treccani.
• World of Art, Mir iskusstva (now referred to in Art Nouveau). 1898-1904 Mir iskusstva. en Monoskop, SSM2, Tate, Wikipedia. ref: Post-Impr.
• Zaire School of Popular Painting. INT Artsy.
• Zebra. it Treccani

References

• Akal Diccionario Akal de Arte del Siglo XX, ed. Gerard Durozoi, trans. Flavia Puppo, Madrid: Akal, 1997; 2007, Google (preview). Trans. of Dictionnaire de l'art moderne et contemporain, Paris: Hazan, 1992; 1993. (Spanish)
• Artportal Artportal: "Fogalmi szócikkek", HTML. (Hungarian)
• Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, subscription access. (English)
• Grove Oxford Art Online, ed. Jane Turner, et al., Oxford University Press, 1998ff, subscription access, HTML (partial). (English)
• Grove US The Oxford Dictionary of American Art and Artists, ed. Ann Lee Morgan, Oxford University Press, 2007, xiv+537 pp, Google (preview). (English)
• Guggenheim Guggenheim Collection Online: "Movements", HTML. (English)
• Hartmann, Das große Kunstlexikon, ed. Peter W. Hartmann, 2003ff, HTML. (German)
• Larousse. Dictionnaire de la peinture, Larousse, 2003, HTML. (French)
• Oxford DMCA Ian Chilvers, John Glaves-Smith, A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art, Oxford University Press, 2009, Google (preview); online ed., subscription access. (English)
• Oxford DA The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists, 4th ed., ed. Ian Chilvers, Oxford University Press, 2009, xxv+694 pp, subscription access; 5th ed., OUP, 2015, subscription access. (English)
• Pojmovnik Pojmovnik slovenske umetnosti 1945-2005, HTML. (Slovenian)
• SNL Store Norsk Lexikon, 2009ff, HTML. (Norwegian)
• SSM, SSM2 Amy Dempsey, Art in the Modern Era: A Guide to Styles, Schools & Movements, 1860 to the Present, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2002, TOC; UK ed. as Styles, Schools And Movements: The Essential Encyclopaedic Guide to Modern Art, London: Thames & Hudson, 2002; new ed., exp., 2010, 312 pp, TOC. [19] (English)
• Šuvaković Miško Šuvaković, Pojmovnik suvremene umjetnosti, Zagreb: Horetzky, 2005, IA. (Croatian)
• Tate Tate: "Glossary of Art Terms", HTML. (English)
• Treccani Treccani Enciclopedie on line, Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana (Treccani), HTML. (Italian)

More reference works.

Bibliography

On the concept of style in art history

• Heinrich Wölfflin, "Introduction", in Wölffin, Principles of Art History [1915], trans. M.D. Hottinger, New York: Dover, 1950, pp 1-17, IA.
• Meyer Schapiro, "Style", in Anthropology Today: An Encyclopedic Inventory, ed. A.L. Kroeber, University of Chicago Press, 1953, pp 287-312, PDF; repr. in Aesthetics Today, ed. Morris H. Philipson, Cleveland: World, 1961.
• James S. Ackerman, "A Theory of Style", The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 20:3 (Spring 1962), pp 227-237, PDF.
• George Kubler, "Style and the Representation of Historical Time", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 138 (Feb 1967), pp 849-855, PDF.
• Ernst Gombrich, "Style", in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 15, ed. D. L. Sills, New York, 1968, pp 352-361; repr. in The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology, 2nd ed., ed. Donald Preziosi, 2009, pp 129-140, PDF.
• Nelson Goodman, "The Status of Style", Critical Inquiry 1:4 (Jun 1975), pp 799-811, PDF.
• Svetlana Alpers, "Style is What You Make It", in The Concept of Style, eds. Leonard B. Meyer and Berel Lang, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979, pp 95-117, PDF; rev. in The Concept of Style, rev. & exp.ed., ed. Berel Lang, Cornell University Press, 1987, pp 137-162, PDF.
• George Kubler, "Toward a Reductive Theory of Visual Style", in The Concept of Style, eds. Leonard B. Meyer and Berel Lang, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979, pp 119-127; rev. in The Concept of Style, rev. & exp.ed., ed. Berel Lang, Cornell University Press, 1987, pp 163-173, PDF.
• James Elkins, "Style", in Grove Art Online, 1998. [20]
• Jas Elsner, "Style", in Critical Terms for Art History, 2nd ed., eds. Robert S. Nelson and Richard Shiff, University of Chicago Press, 2003, pp 98-109, PDF, ARG.

See also

• Artists' books
• Avant-garde and modernist magazines
• Artists' cultures

Citation

"Art styles and movements." In Monoskop. Monoskop, 2016–. http://monoskop.org/Art/Styles_and_movements (May 2016)