Mercedes Bunz: Vom Speicher zum Verteiler: Die Geschichte des Internet (2008) [German]
Filed under book | Tags: · arpanet, computing, filesharing, history of computing, history of technology, internet, media history, media theory, networks, technology
Das Internet ist kein Speichermedium, es ist ein Verteilungsmedium. Deshalb ist nichts im Internet so beständig wie der Wandel – und das ist von Beginn an so gewesen. Schon in den sechziger Jahren wird die Vernetzung von Computern zugleich als Einkaufsmöglichkeit, als Austausch von Forschungen und als Sicherstellen durch verteilte Kommunikation nach einem Bombenangriff entworfen. Damit wird der Fokus bei diesem Medium immer wieder auf Schnelligkeit und Dynamik und nicht auf seine Beständigkeit gelegt.
Von diesen frühen Planungen der ersten Netzwerke bis hin zum heutigen Internetprotokoll verfolgt das vorliegende Buch die Entstehung und den Wandel dieser Technologie und stellt die wichtigsten Projekte, Visionäre und Ingenieure der Geschichte des Internet vor. Dabei zeigt sich auch: Die Entstehung dieser Kulturtechnik hat keineswegs nur in Amerika stattgefunden. Die Geschichte des Internets entspringt nicht einem Ort, sie folgt vielmehr seiner eigenen Architektur und ereignet sich selbst in Form eines verteilten Netzwerkes. Im Erzählen seiner Geschichte gilt es deshalb auch, einen Paradigmenwechsel zu vollziehen. Weil der Fokus dieses neuen Mediums auf dem Verteilen und nicht auf dem Speichern liegt, ist die Geschichte des Internet im besonderen Maße auch eine Herausforderung für das Denken einer zeitgenössischen Medientheorie.
Publisher Kulturverlag Kadmos, Berlin, February 2008
copyrights Bd. 20
ISBN 3865990258, 9783865990259
147 pages
PDF (updated on 2012-7-25)
Comment (1)Tim Wu: The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires (2010)
Filed under book | Tags: · history of technology, industry, internet, media history, politics, technology
In this age of an open Internet, it is easy to forget that every American information industry, beginning with the telephone, has eventually been taken captive by some ruthless monopoly or cartel. With all our media now traveling a single network, an unprecedented potential is building for centralized control over what Americans see and hear. Could history repeat itself with the next industrial consolidation? Could the Internet—the entire flow of American information—come to be ruled by one corporate leviathan in possession of “the master switch”? That is the big question of Tim Wu’s pathbreaking book.
As Wu’s sweeping history shows, each of the new media of the twentieth century—radio, telephone, television, and film—was born free and open. Each invited unrestricted use and enterprising experiment until some would-be mogul battled his way to total domination. Here are stories of an uncommon will to power, the power over information: Adolph Zukor, who took a technology once used as commonly as YouTube is today and made it the exclusive prerogative of a kingdom called Hollywood . . . NBC’s founder, David Sarnoff, who, to save his broadcast empire from disruptive visionaries, bullied one inventor (of electronic television) into alcoholic despair and another (this one of FM radio, and his boyhood friend) into suicide . . . And foremost, Theodore Vail, founder of the Bell System, the greatest information empire of all time, and a capitalist whose faith in Soviet-style central planning set the course of every information industry thereafter.
Explaining how invention begets industry and industry begets empire—a progress often blessed by government, typically with stifling consequences for free expression and technical innovation alike—Wu identifies a time-honored pattern in the maneuvers of today’s great information powers: Apple, Google, and an eerily resurgent AT&T. A battle royal looms for the Internet’s future, and with almost every aspect of our lives now dependent on that network, this is one war we dare not tune out.
Part industrial exposé, part meditation on what freedom requires in the information age, The Master Switch is a stirring illumination of a drama that has played out over decades in the shadows of our national life and now culminates with terrifying implications for our future.
Publisher Alfred A. Knopf, 2010
Borzoi Books
ISBN 0307269930, 9780307269935
366 pages
review (Peter Decherney, Nathan Ensmenger, Christopher S. Yoo)
PDF (EPUB; updated on 2012-7-16)
Comment (0)Johnny Ryan: A History of the Internet and the Digital Future (2010)
Filed under book | Tags: · censorship, computing, history of communications, history of computing, history of technology, intellectual property, internet, politics, technology
A great adjustment in human affairs is underway. Political, commercial and cultural life is changing from the centralized, hierarchical and standardized structures of the industrial age to something radically different: the economy of the emerging digital era.
A History of the Internet and the Digital Future tells the story of the development of the Internet from the 1950s to the present, and examines how the balance of power has shifted between the individual and the state in the areas of censorship, copyright infringement, intellectual freedom and terrorism and warfare. Johnny Ryan explains how the Internet has revolutionized political campaigns; how the development of the World Wide Web enfranchised a new online population of assertive, niche consumers; and how the dot-com bust taught smarter firms to capitalize on the power of digital artisans.
In the coming years platforms such as the iPhone and Android rise or fall depending on their treading the line between proprietary control and open innovation. The trends of the past may hold out hope for the record and newspaper industry. From the government-controlled systems of the Cold War to today’s move towards cloud computing, user-driven content and the new global commons, this book reveals the trends that are shaping the businesses, politics and media of the digital future.
Publisher Reaktion Books, 2010
ISBN 1861897774, 9781861897770
246 pages
PDF (updated on 2012-7-17)
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