Stephen Wolfram: A New Kind of Science (2002)
Filed under book | Tags: · biology, cellular automata, computation, mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, science, systems science
This long-awaited work from one of the world’s most respected scientists presents a series of dramatic discoveries never before made public. Starting from a collection of simple computer experiments–illustrated in the book by striking computer graphics–Stephen Wolfram shows how their unexpected results force a whole new way of looking at the operation of our universe.
Wolfram uses his approach to tackle a remarkable array of fundamental problems in science, from the origins of apparent randomness in physical systems, to the development of complexity in biology, the ultimate scope and limitations of mathematics, the possibility of a truly fundamental theory of physics, the interplay between free will and determinism, and the character of intelligence in the universe.
Written with exceptional clarity, and illustrated by nearly a thousand original pictures, this seminal book allows scientists and nonscientists alike to participate in what promises to be a major intellectual revolution.
Publisher Wolfram Media Inc, 2002
ISBN 1579550193, 9781579550196
348 pages
PDF (updated on 2013-1-23)
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Thomas S. Kuhn: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962–) [EN, IT, ES, BR-PT, RU, GR, CZ, CR, CN, RO]
Filed under book | Tags: · history, history of science, non-linear history, philosophy of science, science, sociology of knowledge, theory
“The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is an analysis of the history of science. Its publication was a landmark event in the sociology of knowledge, and popularized the terms paradigm and paradigm shift.
Kuhn’s approach to the history and philosophy of science has been described as focusing on conceptual issues: what sorts of ideas were thinkable at a particular time? What sorts of intellectual options and strategies were available to people during a given period? What types of lexicons and terminology were known and employed during certain epochs? Stressing the importance of not attributing modern modes of thought to historical actors, Kuhn’s book argues that the evolution of scientific theory does not emerge from the straightforward accumulation of facts, but rather from a set of changing intellectual circumstances and possibilities. Such an approach is largely commensurate with the general historical school of non-linear history.”
Publisher University of Chicago Press, 1962
Third edition, 1996
ISBN 0226458083, 9780226458083
212 pages
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (English, 3rd ed., 1962/1996; updated on 2015-7-10)
La struttura delle rivoluzioni scientifiche (Italian, trans. Adriano Carugo, 2nd ed., 1969, DJVU)
La estructura de las revoluciones cientificas (Spanish, trans. Agustin Contin, 1971/2004)
A estrutura das revoluções científicas (Brazilian Portuguese, trans. Beatriz Vianna Boeira and Nelson Boeira, 5th ed., 1975/1998)
Struktura nauchnykh revolutsiy (Russian, trans. I.Z. Naletov, 1975/2003, DJVU)
Η δομή των επιστημονικών επαναστάσεων (Greek, trans. Β. Κάλφας, 1997)
Struktura vědeckých revolucí (Czech, trans. Tomáš Jeníček, 1997)
Struktura znastvenih revolucija (Croatian, trans. Mirna Zelić, 2nd ed., 2002)
科学革命的结构 (Chinese, 2003)
Structura revoluțiilor științifice (Romanian, trans. Radu J. Bogdan, 2008)