Christoph Klütsch: Computergrafik: Ästhetische Experimente zwischen zwei Kulturen. Die Anfänge der Computerkunst in den 1960er Jahren (2007) [German]

“Computergrafik ist ein innovativer Beitrag zur ungeschriebenen Geschichte der Computergrafik der 60er Jahre. Vor dem Hintergrund C. P. Snows “zwei Kulturen” Diskussion entwickelte sich in der Stuttgarter Schule um Max Bense eine neue Form generativer bzw. algorithmischer Kunst, die die Anfänge der digitalen Computergrafik markieren. Zentrale theoretische und künstlerische Konzepte werden anhand der Werke von Frieder Nake, Georg Nees, A. Michael Noll und Manfred Mohr diskutiert. Pionierleistungen, theoretische Diskussionen und die Bezüge zu zeitgenössischen Kunstbewegungen sind systematisch aufgearbeitet und ermöglichen die Einordnung einer ästhetischen Debatte, wie sie bisher weder im Kontext einer neuen Informationsästhetik noch in der Kunstgeschichte oder in medienwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen geleistet worden ist. Interviews mit Pionieren der Computergrafik in Deutschland und den USA, die Aufarbeitung schwer zugänglichen Quellenmaterials und eine umfangreiche Bibliographie runden das Werk ab.”

Publisher Springer, 2007
ISBN 3211394095, 9783211394090
288 pages

Key terms: Computerkunst, Frieder Nake, Max Bense, Manfred Mohr, Computergrafik, Informationsästhetik, Bell Labs, Zagreb, Serendipity, Op-Art, C. P. Snow, Informationstheorie, Konkrete Kunst, Semiotik, Kybernetik, Helmar Frank, Computerkünstler, Bridget Riley, Turing test

Review: Mihai Nadin (Image, 2007).

Book website
Publisher

PDF (updated on 2020-11-20)
Academia.edu (from author, added on 2020-11-20)

Paul A. Fishwick (ed.): Aesthetic Computing (2006)

In Aesthetic Computing, key scholars and practitioners from art, design, computer science, and mathematics lay the foundations for a discipline that applies the theory and practice of art to computing. Aesthetic computing explores the way art and aesthetics can play a role in different areas of computer science. One of its goals is to modify computer science by the application of the wide range of definitions and categories normally associated with making art. For example, structures in computing might be represented using the style of Gaudi or the Bauhaus school. This goes beyond the usual definition of aesthetics in computing, which most often refers to the formal, abstract qualities of such structures—a beautiful proof, or an elegant diagram. The contributors to this book discuss the broader spectrum of aesthetics—from abstract qualities of symmetry and form to ideas of creative expression and pleasure—in the context of computer science. The assumption behind aesthetic computing is that the field of computing will be enriched if it embraces all of aesthetics. Human-computer interaction will benefit—”usability,” for example, could refer to improving a user’s emotional state—and new models of learning will emerge.

Aesthetic Computing approaches its subject from a variety of perspectives. After defining the field and placing it in its historical context, the book looks at art and design, mathematics and computing, and interface and interaction. Contributions range from essays on the art of visualization and “the poesy of programming” to discussions of the aesthetics of mathematics throughout history and transparency and reflectivity in interface design.

Contributors: James Alty, Olav W. Bertelsen, Jay David Bolter, Donna Cox, Stephan Diehl, Mark d’Inverno, Michele Emmer, Paul Fishwick, Monica Fleischmann, Ben Fry, Carsten Görg, Susanne Grabowski, Diane Gromala, Kenneth A. Huff, John Lee, Frederic Fol Leymarie, Michael Leyton, Jonas Löwgren, Roger F. Malina, Laurent Mignonneau, Frieder Nake, Ray Paton, Jane Prophet, Aaron Quigley, Casey Reas, Christa Sommerer, Wolfgang Strauss, Noam Tractinksy, Paul Vickers, Dror Zmiri

Published by MIT Press, 2006
ISBN 026206250X, 9780262062503
457 pages

Key terms: graph drawing, human-computer interaction, Christa Sommerer, Mixed Reality, mathematical beauty, computer science, Scientific Visualization, identity element, Ars Electronica, digital art, SIGGRAPH, information visualization, interaction design, computer graphics, Leonardo Journal, semiotic, aesthetic computing, series-parallel graph, Frieder Nake, Manfred Mohr

publisher
google books

PDF (updated on 2012-10-13)

Grant D. Taylor: The Machine That Made Science Art: The Troubled History of Computer Art 1963-1989 (2004)

“This thesis represents an historical account of the reception and criticism of computer art from its emergence in 1963 to its crisis in 1989, when aesthetic and ideological differences polarise and eventually fragment the art form. Throughout its history, static-pictorial computer art has been extensively maligned. In fact, no other twentieth-century art form has elicited such a negative and often hostile response. In locating the destabilising forces that affect and shape computer art, this thesis identifies a complex interplay of ideological and discursive forces that influence the way computer art has been and is received by the mainstream artworld and the cultural community at large. One of the central factors that contributed to computer art’s marginality was its emergence in that precarious zone between science and art, at a time when the perceived division between the humanistic and scientific cultures was reaching its apogee. The polarising force inherent in the “two cultures” debate framed much of the prejudice towards early computer art. For many of its critics, computer art was the product of the same discursive assumptions, methodologies and vocabulary as science. Moreover, it invested heavily in the metaphors and mythologies of science, especially logic and mathematics. This close relationship with science continued as computer art looked to scientific disciplines and emergent techno-science paradigms for inspiration and insight. While recourse to science was a major impediment to computer art’s acceptance by the artworld orthodoxy, it was the sustained hostility towards the computer that persistently wore away at the computer art enterprise. The anticomputer response came from several sources, both humanist and anti-humanist. The first originated with mainstream critics whose strong humanist tendencies led them to reproach computerised art for its mechanical sterility. A comparison with aesthetically and theoretically similar art forms of the era reveals that the criticism of computer art is motivated by the romantic fear that a computerised surrogate had replaced the artist. Such usurpation undermined some of the keystones of modern Western art, such as notions of artistic “genius” and “creativity”. Any attempt to rationalise the human creative faculty, as many of the scientists and technologists were claiming to do, would for the humanist critics have transgressed what they considered the primordial mystique of art. Criticism of computer art also came from other quarters. Dystopianism gained popularity in the 1970s within the reactive counter-culture and avant-garde movements. Influenced by the pessimistic and cynical sentiment of anti-humanist writings, many within the arts viewed the computer as an emblem of rationalisation, a powerful instrument in the overall subordination of the individual to the emerging technocracy.” (Abstract)

Ph.D. Thesis
Landscape and Visual Arts, The Faculty of Architecture, The University of Western Australia, 2004
via MediaArtHistories

PDFs (updated on 2016-2-17)