Peter Gonda: Simulácia sociálnych noriem v multiagentovom prostredí (2009) [Slovak]

Sociálne kognitívne vedy sa zaoberajú ľudskou kogníciou ako procesom silne podmieneným spoločenským kontaktom. Pravidlá a zaužívané postupy sociálneho správania sú predpísané sociálnymi normami, nepísanou sadou pravidiel, ktorá sa vyjednáva v rozsiahlej sérii interakcií počas kontaktu medzi jednotlivcami v skupine. Práca stavia na doterajšom výskume sociálnych a kooperačných noriem, aby prezentovala vlastnú multiagentovú simuláciu vychádzajúcu z teórií geneticko-kultúrnej koevolúcie. Výsledky ukazujú, že v simulácii povstávajú stabilné vzorce hodnôt, ktoré predpisujú mieru altruizmu a sociálneho učenia u agentov.

Kľúčové slová
sociálne normy, evolúcia kooperácie, geneticko-kultúrna koevolúcia, sociálne učenie, simulácia

Diplomová práca
Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Fakulta matematiky, fyziky a informatiky, Katedra aplikovanej informatiky, Umelá inteligencia
Vedúci práce: prof. RNDr. Jiří Pospíchal, DrSc
Bratislava: FMFI UK, 2009

Social norms in gene-culture multi-agent environment
This thesis builds upon the research of social and cooperative norms, to present an original contribution in the form of a multi-agent simulation, which owes much to theories of gene-culture coevolution. The results presented show that stable patterns of values that describe the level of altruism and social learning amongst the agents emerge in the simulation.

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John Sulston, Georgina Ferry: The Common Thread: A Story of Science, Politics, Ethics, and the Human Genome (2002)

The world was agog when scientists made the astounding announcement that they had successfully sequenced the human genome. Few contributed so directly to this feat as John Sulston. This is his personal account of one of the largest international scientific operations ever undertaken.

It was a momentous occasion when British scientist John Sulston embarked on the greatest scientific endeavor of our times: the sequencing of the Human Genome. In The Common Thread, Sulston takes us behind the scenes for an in-depth look at the controversial story behind the headlines. The accomplishments and the setbacks along with the politics, personalities, and ethics that shaped the research are frankly explored by a central figure key to the project.

From the beginning, Sulston fervently proclaimed his belief in the free and open exchange of the scientific information that would emerge from the project. Guided by these principles, The Human Genome Project was structured so that all the findings were public, encouraging an unparalleled international collaboration among scientists and researchers.

Then, in May 1998, Craig Venter announced that he was quitting the Human Genome Project with plans to head up a commercial venture launched to bring out the complete sequence three years hence, but marketed in a proprietary database. Venter s intentions, clearly anathema to Sulston and the global network of scientists working on the Project, marked the beginning of a dramatic struggle to keep the human genome in the public domain.

More than the story of human health versus corporate wealth, this is an exploration of the very nature of a scientific quest for discovery. Infused with Sulston s own enthusiasm and excitement, the tale unfolds to reveal the scientists who painstakingly turn the key that will unlock the riddle of the human genome. We are privy to the joy and exuberance of success as well as the stark disappointments posed by inevitable failures. It is truly a wild and wonderful ride.

The Common Thread is at once a compelling history and an impassioned call for ethical responsibility in scientific research. As the boundaries between science and big business increasingly blur, and researchers race to patent medical discoveries, the international community needs to find a common protocol for the protection of the wider human interest. This extraordinary enterprise is a glimpse of our shared human heritage, offering hope for future research and a fresh outlook on our understanding of ourselves.

Publisher Joseph Henry Press, 2002
ISBN 0309084091, 9780309084093
Length 310 pages

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Donna J. Haraway: When Species Meet (2008)

“In 2006, about 69 million U.S. households had pets, giving homes to around 73.9 million dogs, 90.5 million cats, and 16.6 million birds, and spending over $38 billion dollars on companion animals. As never before in history, our pets are truly members of the family. But the notion of “companion species”—knotted from human beings, animals and other organisms, landscapes, and technologies—includes much more than “companion animals.”

In When Species Meet, Donna J. Haraway digs into this larger phenomenon to contemplate the interactions of humans with many kinds of critters, especially with those called domestic. At the heart of the book are her experiences in agility training with her dogs Cayenne and Roland, but Haraway’s vision here also encompasses wolves, chickens, cats, baboons, sheep, microorganisms, and whales wearing video cameras. From designer pets to lab animals to trained therapy dogs, she deftly explores philosophical, cultural, and biological aspects of animal-human encounters.

In this deeply personal yet intellectually groundbreaking work, Haraway develops the idea of companion species, those who meet and break bread together but not without some indigestion. “A great deal is at stake in such meetings,” she writes, “and outcomes are not guaranteed. There is no assured happy or unhappy ending—socially, ecologically, or scientifically. There is only the chance for getting on together with some grace.”

Ultimately, she finds that respect, curiosity, and knowledge spring from animal-human associations and work powerfully against ideas about human exceptionalism.”

Publisher University of Minnesota Press, 2008
ISBN 0816650462, 9780816650460
360 pages

Reviews: Margrit Shildrick (Society and Animals, 2008), Ivan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr. (Humanimalia, 2010).

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