Katarína Gatialová: Politický plagát na Slovensku v rokoch 1968 – 1989 (2009) [Slovak]

“Politický plagát na Slovensku v období 70. a 80. rokov 20. storočia patrí spolu s ďalšími prejavmi oficiálneho umenia k sporným bodom našej kultúrnej histórie. Plagáty, produkované a podporované oficiálnou štátnou politikou, boli jednou z vizuálnych dominánt tejto doby, avšak bez výraznejšieho agitačného vplyvu na väčšinu obyvateľstva. Charakteristické znaky a symbolika angažovanej plagátovej tvorby, ale tiež jej obsahová „vyprázdnenosť“, zrkadlia obdobie svojho vzniku. Plagáty boli exponovanou oficiálnou maskou režimu. Dobová nadprodukcia politických plagátov počas normalizácie spôsobila ich výtvarnú aj obsahovú devalváciu. V súčasnosti sa tento okruh prác dá považovať za definitívne uzavretý, bez autentického pokračovania alebo priameho dosahu na dnešnú výtvarnú tvorbu. Ideologické pozadie politických plagátov však spôsobilo na jednej strane neskorší nezáujem, až odpor voči danej problematike, na druhej strane nejasnosti a skreslenie informácií o tomto druhu tvorby. Dnešná kunsthistória takmer ignoruje angažované plagáty obdobia 70. a 80. rokov. Názor širšej verejnosti závisí do znaènej miery od veku. Predstavitelia staršej generácie, ktorí mali možnosť stretávať sa vo svojom každodennom živote v predprevratovom období s týmito artefaktmi, nedokážu zaujať neutrálne stanovisko a negatívne hodnotia problematiku ako celok. Predstavitelia mladšej generácie, ktorí skúmané obdobie osobne nezažili, prípadne len v ranom detstve, vnímajú tieto diela oficiálnej kultúry nezaťažene a veľmi pozitívne. Dostupné informácie sú však obmedzené, názory mladých ľudí sú preto mnohokrát deformované populárnymi výstupmi na túto tému. Politické plagáty sa spolu s ďalšími prejavmi propagandy a oficiálnej kultúry minulého režimu stali často len akousi zábavnou kuriozitou. Názory na tematiku politických plagátov teda oscilujú medzi dvoma krajnými bodmi – tzv. ostalgickým obdivom a jej radikálnym odsúdením. V tejto diplomovej práci sa pokúsim odpútať sa od oboch vyhranených názorových polôh, mojou snahou bude pozrieť sa na angažované plagáty 70. a 80. rokov 20. storočia bez predsudkov a uvažovať o nich z čo najväčšieho nadhľadu.”

Master thesis
Art History Dept, Faculty of Philosophy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 2009
Supervisor: Alexandra Kusá
159 pages

video lecture (Public Face of Power, Communist Propaganda Posters from Czechoslovakia and Central Europe in the Second Half of the 20th Century) [English]

PDF

Peter Sloterdijk: Critique Of Cynical Reason (1983/1988)

In 1983, two centuries after the publication of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, another philosophical treatise—polemical in nature, with a title that consciously and disrespectfully alludes to the earlier work—appeared in West Germany. Peter Sloterdijk’s Critique of Cynical Reason stirred both critical acclaim and consternation and attracted a wide readership, especially among those who had come of age in the 1960’s. Sloterdijk’s finds cynicism the dominant mode in contemporary culture, in personal institutional settings; his book is less a history of the impulse than an investigation of its role in the postmodern 1970s and 1980s, among those whose earlier hopes for social change had crumbled and faded away. Sloterdijk thus brings into cultural and political discourse an issue which, though central to the mood of a generation, has remained submerged throughout the current debate about modernity and postmodernity.

With Adorno and Horkeimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment as his primary jumping-off point, Sloterdijk also draws upon, and contends with, the poststructuralist concepts of Deleuze and Guattari. He defines cynicism as enlightened false consciousness—a sensibility “well off and miserable at the same time,” able to function in the workaday world yet assailed by doubt and paralysis; and, as counterstrategy, proposes the cynicism of antiquity—the sensuality and loud, satiric laughter of Diogenes. Above all, Sloterdijk is determined to resist the amnesia inherent in cynicism. The twentieth-century German historical experience lies behind his work, which closes with a brilliant essay on the Weimar Republic—the fourteen years between a lost war and Hitler’s ascent to power, and a time when the cynical mode first achieved cultural dominance.

Originally published as Kritik der zynischen Vernunft, 2 vols, 1983 by Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main
Translated by Michael Eldred
Foreword by Andreas Huyssen
Publisher University of Minnesota Press, 1988
Volume 40 of Theory and History of Literature
ISBN 0816615861, 9780816615865
600 pages

wikipedia
publisher
google books

PDF

Ori Brafman, Rod A. Beckstrom: The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations (2006)

Understanding the amazing force that links some of today’s most successful companies

If you cut off a spider’s leg, it’s crippled; if you cut off its head, it dies. But if you cut off a starfish’s leg it grows a new one, and the old leg can grow into an entirely new starfish.

What’s the hidden power behind the success of Wikipedia, craigslist, and Skype? What do eBay and General Electric have in common with the abolitionist and women’s rights movements? What fundamental choice put General Motors and Toyota on vastly different paths? How could winning a Supreme Court case be the biggest mistake MGM could have made?

After five years of ground-breaking research, Ori Brafman and Rod Beckstrom share some unexpected answers, gripping stories, and a tapestry of unlikely connections. The Starfish and the Spider argues that organizations fall into two categories: traditional “spiders,” which have a rigid hierarchy and top-down leadership, and revolutionary “starfish,” which rely on the power of peer relationships.

The Starfish and the Spider explores what happens when starfish take on spiders (such as the music industry vs. Napster, Kazaa, and the P2P services that followed). It reveals how established companies and institutions, from IBM to Intuit to the US government, are also learning how to incorporate starfish principles to achieve success. The book explores:

* How the Apaches fended off the powerful Spanish army for 200 years
* The power of a simple circle
* The importance of catalysts who have an uncanny ability to bring people together
* How the Internet has become a breeding ground for leaderless organizations
* How Alcoholics Anonymous has reached untold millions with only a shared ideology and without a leader

The Starfish and the Spider is the rare book that will change how you understand the world around you.

Publisher Penguin, 2006
ISBN 1591841437, 9781591841432
230 pages

authors
wikipedia
publisher
google books

PDF